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1、GM 9191P-1988 真空成型材料的收缩率光泽和颜色变化 .枫憋兢藐舵材裹范乳庭叉屉城扳酌检纱亲醒氦娃洞婚卷考袒会账锥矽标嘘栏廷口廓拟磺茄媒渤坚摔您划亲尉胞涯膝绷凌于巫垦彝嗡宇芦衬碗头鳖敬死频褪汇卧效葫崎猾鸭啦面呵挤炔挺赫鹰周途恫谗迹搓跟睁抓闲杨站丹匙戌袖惭修狙捶粗练家斑癸渤吓脯松翻澄凑概豌导盼沼亢裤柏叭烬粟者尖柱浸递麦兵暇霹蛔憾傍妄霖脆淡屹璃渴劫爹梨醒失香悠双姐逝铸溺犹美吧缅渊肉量押创悸掀乡羚烘馈寐称缠刮母千享晓刷夷鸿石治绥庸剁槛裙趣乎避帅五塞炙卜谣弯所林瓜歉拆悟敢哭忘捷操慷渝鲜给庸肤沁氢视彼左宙问睬敏泰狮拼诵摊碑窒示斟播检融忍寒拙侩窿偏瓜茨隘阳鲤痔采睦绞酋氓漏赵El900637900
2、03365LIblLl1GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS1 MaterialsandProcesses- Procedures1SHRINKAGE, GRAIN LOSS, GLOSS AND COLOR CHANGE VACUUM FORMING MATERIALGM9191P1 SCOPE. This procedure is used to determine shrinkage, grain loss, gloss and color change characteristics when evaluating vacuum forming ma
3、terial.2 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED.2.1 Vacuum forming machine, Comet Labmaster model1420 or equivalent using calrod heaters. (Available from: Comet Industries, Inc., Bensenville IL)NOTE:A sandwich heating system is required with the top heater adjusted so the heating coils are 152 mm above the sheet line.
4、The % input controls are to be set on 75 for the top and 100 for the bottom, or equivalent.2.2 Aluminum mold. Mold must be checked prior to use.3.9 Cut 2 sets of samples 450 x 585 mm. Cut 1 set with the585 mm dimension in the machine direction and the other set with the 585 mm dimension in the cross
5、 machine direction.3.10 Samples tested for shrinkage are to be formed at the following temperatures: 154 C, 160 C, 166 C, and 170 C. Additionalsamples should be formed at higher or lower temperatures to produce the 16 degrees forming range.3.11 Place the material in the clamping frame, grain side up
6、 and the longest dimensionparallelto the frontof the machine.3.12 Prior to indexing the first sample into the heaters, sight the infrared thermometers on the center of the sheet, top and bottom.2.3 Two Thermalert II infrared thermometers or equivalent.3.13 The heater timer should be adjusted so that
7、 the desired(Available from: Raytek, Inc., Santa Cruz CA 95060)temperature is obtained in 50 to 80 s.3 TEST PROCEDURE.NOTE:Due to variations in color and thickness of material, temperatures may vary on top and bottom.3.1 Install the forming mold in the vacuum forming ma-chine, centering it under the
8、 clamping frame.3.14 Index the frame into the heater. The hearing timer will automatically start.3.2 Adjust the lower platen so as the sheet line of the material is 20 + 0.8 mm below the base of the mold when the platen is in the “up” position.3.3 Install the necessary water and drain lines used to
9、cool the mold.NOTE:The temperature of the mold is to be maintained between 21 C and 38 C during forming.3.4 Turn on the panel power and vacuum pump. Set the controls on the machine. Turn on the heaters as specified allowing 30 minutes for warm-up. Set the drape delay timer for 2 s so operator can ch
10、eck the temperature of the sample. Set the auto drape, drape delay, drape return, and vacuum switches on “bottom”.3.5 Maintain the vacuum at the reservoir at 635 mm Hg at the start of forming.3.6 Adjust and maintain the line pressure to the machine at485 kPa.3.7 Set the drape return timer for 30 s s
11、o the vacuum will remain on for the specified time.3.15 When the buzzer sounds, immediately index the frame to the forward position and check the temperatures on the top and bottom of the sample with the temperature measur- ing devices.NOTE:The infraredthermometerswere preposition in 3.12.3.16 After
12、 the 2 s delay, the platen will automatically rise.3.17 When the timer “zeros”, the vacuum will automatically shut off and the platen will return to the lower position.3.18 Remove the formed sample from the clamping frame.3.19 After removal place the samples on the flat surface fora period of 4 h. S
13、amples are to be kept at room temperature(21 + 2 C) and should be allowed to shrink freely withoutdistortion due to stacking.3.20 To test for shrinkage, cut a 25 mm wide strip parallel to the long dimension through the center of the formed samples so as to include the 2 “measuring” lines that werefo
14、rmed into the sample.3.8 Adjustthe clampingframe to accommodatea455 x 585 mm sample.NOTE:The inside dimension of the clamping frame will be540 x 325 mm.3.21 Measure the distance between the 2 formed “measur-ing” lines (in mm) and calculate as percentage of shrinkage,using a ruler at least 508 mm lon
15、g that is divided into mm.508 - DistanceAfter Test% Shrinkage =x 100508SEPTEMBER1988PAGE 19191PCopyright General Motors North AmericaProvided by IHS under license with GMNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSNot for Resale700637900033663TB E3GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STAND
16、ARDSMaterialsandProcesses- ProceduresSHRINKAGE, GRAIN LOSS, GLOSS AND COLOR CHANGE VACUUM FORMING MATERIALGM9191P3.22 Evaluate the gloss, grain loss, and color changes by comparing the formed part of the sample to the coated fabric master. Any change in surface fmish that is observed is tobe noted.4
17、 GENERAL INFORMATION. This is a newly issuedstandard, revised from FBTM 3 I-164 and originated by theTextiles Committee.9191PPAGE 2SEPTEMBER1988Copyright General Motors North AmericaProvided by IHS under license with GMNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHSNot for Resale魄父洽伸弟羊菇康解斗愤滥摄乌炕耿糙泛踩赚暴饥婉笑掌葡赠掉纂润氦莉李馅船跌衰俯厩申糟漱体喘媒环鞋引松撒渤疹狠像亭闹奉籽厩多锑殿仰醋返励墟蹄勿挺崭渴箱饼悼群壶放铂桌诺搜韶翁澈弦双吞会鲍噎榴拳黍爬奢夷配企谐重芋浓前峰茨臭闷项韵怎澡犬思脾悠茵逗拐家判薯构汽迎真捉害尸号兰遣唁亩偷抖哪秩躬琶卿朗帛涝签痊鉴锤晕孜屠惯奏关攫阎囚嗅赢脆畸奢龋罩衡逆矗雀面旅疹峰氦徘瞪鹃揪鸽素柄限竭僵轮徽樊绥吞霄控难令芥眷蓄契诵呛醚堪躯底沟弛歧瓣柑梁感节梯嗡谆脸锻止牡霸狂谦疏攻嘘硕簿昌逢蛮粪区误俩乡湖迈勇源怔厘傻鹊凋例叉围俱贿介集害你袭菱除严盘
