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1、高速公路沥青混凝土路面平整度的影响因素及控制措施袁利伟登封市公路工程处 452470摘要 分析了影响沥青路面平整度的主要因素，并提出了保证沥青混凝土平整度的施工控制措施。关键词 高速公路平整度影响因素控制措施1前言随着我国经济的飞速发展及加大基础设施的投入，高速公路建设突飞猛进，高速公路的作用日渐现效。同时，人们对高速公路行车的舒适程度要求越来越高，确保路面具有优良的平整度已成为公路建设者的一项重要任务。因此，全面认真分析、探讨影响高速公路路面平整度的因素，提出相应的施工环节，改善、提高平整度的技术措施是非常必要的。2路基对沥青混凝土路面平整度的影响及控制措施21路基不均匀沉降对沥青混凝上路面
2、平整度的影响及控制措施路基沉降主要是由于路基在行车荷载反复作用和自身重力作用的结果，由地基沉降和路堤固结沉降两部分构成。由于公路沿线地质情况变化大，以及路基施工质量控制不均匀，不可避免地造成路基不均匀沉降，路基不均匀沉降反射至路面，从而影响路面平整度。一般采取的措施是严格按试验规程试验，加大路基填料的检测频率，提高压实度标准，确保到达设计要求。212桥(涵)头跳车对沥青混凝土路面平整度的影响及控制措施目前高速公路的路基约有30 一40是桥(涵)构造物，桥(涵)数量非常大，端头施工难度复杂，加之施工中注重桥(涵)主体施工的质量控制，轻视桥(涵)头质量控制，致使桥(涵)头跳车现象明显，严重影响了路
3、面平整度。施工控制措施是台背回填采用天然级配砂砾及各种稳定粒料，施工过程严格控制施工工艺、标准检查，确保保证其压实度和平整度，设置桥头搭板。3.路面基层对沥青混凝土路面平整度的影响及控制措施31路面基层强度对沥青混凝土路面平整度的影响及控制措施路面基层是公路的主要承重层，其强度决定着公路的使用寿命及使用质量，如果基层的强度不够，将直接影响面层的施工质量及稳定性，路面的平整度难以保证。路面基层施工应严格按规范及设计把好强度关，加强基层混合料的级配、拌合、摊铺、碾压、养生等关键环节，同时，转序时必须通过弯沉检测，达到设计要求。这样才能保证沥青混凝面层施工时不出现弹簧现象，使面层的沥青混凝土能碾压密
4、实，在整体上保持一致的压缩量。32路面基层平整度对沥青混凝土路面平整度的影响及控制措施基层平整度的好坏直接影响路面的平整度。基层不平时即使沥青混凝上面层摊铺平整，压实厚度也因虚铺厚度不同而产生不平整。大多数情况基层顶面平整度也合乎允许偏差8 mm，但是其偏差是在一8ram至+8mm以内波动，波动最大值可达16ram，由于虚铺厚度波动大导致平整度出现偏差。路面基层施工必须采用厂拌机铺，摊铺及碾压设备相匹配且性能稳定，施工过程中对平整度随时检测，及时纠偏，避免基层的平整度出现大范围波动。4沥青混凝土路面施工工艺对平整度的影响及控制措施41沥青混凝土路面施工工艺对平整度的影响411沥青混合料对平整度
5、的影响沥青混合料是影响路面平整度的首要坏节，主要体现在以下四方面：第一、沥青混合料组合设计不合理，施工配合比与设计、实验室配合比相差较大；第二、原材料骨料粒径超标严重，以及混合料在拌合、运输及摊铺中产生离析，导致摊铺密度不均匀；第三、矿粉和砂含水量太大，形成矿粉团；第四、沥青含量不均匀，形成“翻浆”或“花白”现象。412沥青混凝土路面摊铺、碾压对平整度的影响摊铺机、压路机是沥青混凝土路面的主要施工机具，其本身性能的不稳定、操作水平及施工管理对路面平整度影响很大。1)熨平板组合宽度与机械本身左右不匀称，机具易走偏。由于混合料的惯性作用，使熨平板前后混合料压力不一致，造成横断面上摊铺厚度的差异；熨
6、平板初始工作角不一致造成摊铺同一横断面内厚度不一致或出现台阶，直接影响平整度；熨平板前后拱差值选择不合适，会使整个摊铺层结构不均匀，密度不一致；摊铺中，熨平板处于浮动状态，如果供料失常，料位高度不稳，会使熨平板全宽范围拌合料密度发生变化，导致路面出现波浪。2)振捣器、夯锤的频率过高会造成熨平板共振，使摊铺机找平装置处于不稳定状态，预压密度不同而影响平整度。另外由于振捣器、夯锤皮带松弛使振捣频率、夯实快慢不一形成“搓板”路面3)在摊铺过程中，随意变换摊铺机速度，使摊铺机快慢不均，影响摊铺后的预压密度而影响平整度。此外，摊铺机由于机械故障或供料不足等待混合料而停机，使混合料温度下降，引起局部不平整
7、和预压密度不匀：而且纵向调平系统每次启动后，自动找平装置仍需行驶3 m一8 m后才能恢复正常在恢复过程中，也易造成摊铺厚度不匀。4)运料车倒料时，由于操作不当或与摊铺机配合不好，摊铺机发生猛烈撞击或使用制动太大增加摊铺机牵引负荷或卸料过猛，使摊铺机速度发生变化，导致路面形成波动或“搓板”5)因卸料时洒落在履带下的混合料清除不及时，影响履带的接地标高，从而影响松铺厚度导致平整度出问题。6)压路机采用低频率、高振幅，会产生“跳动”夯击现象而形成“搓板”或波浪，破坏平整度42沥青混凝土路面平整度的施工控制措施421严格按照公路沥青路面施工技术规范及施工图设计，把好原材料的进场关，确保原材料合格，加大
8、沥青混合料的抽检频率，稳定控制沥青混合料配合比与设计的相符性及稳定性。422沥青混凝土路面平整度的施工工艺控制沥青混凝土路面施工工艺相对复杂，只有对各个工序都认真加以控制，才能保证获得合格的路面平整度，为此施工中应注意以下环节：4221挂线。用基准线控制，挂双线，使用直径23mm高强度的钢铰线，架设在牢固的支墩上，并用紧线器拉紧，每隔lOm设立钢支墩，其间挠度小应大于2mm，钢丝的高程要控制精确。4222拌和及运输。拌和及运输过程中为保证沥青混合料均匀不离析，应做到混合料拌和均匀，拌和机向运料车放料时，汽车应前后移动，分几堆装料。4223摊铺。为提高摊铺质量，保证路面平整度，必须严格按施工规范
9、施工。4224碾压。碾压是沥青路面施工的一个重要坏节，合理的碾压工艺是保证路面平整度和压实度的重要手段。首先，配备足够的、配套的、工作性能稳定的碾压设备；其次严格按照规范规定的碾压程序、方法、速度、温度进行碾压。4225接缝处理。为提高沥青路面接缝处理的质量，尽量减少其对平整度的影响，高速公路沥青混凝土路面施工宜采用两台或更多台摊铺机前后错开1020m，呈梯队方式同步摊铺，纵缝采用热接缝，将已铺部分留下1020cm宽展暂不碾压，作为后续部分的基准面，然后跨缝碾压以消除缝迹。4226检测验收。每天摊铺的沥青混合料施工段落，应及时对各项指标进行检测，对数据超限部位，分析原因及影响因素，反馈到施工现
10、场，以便后续处理和次日施工中克服。表面层铺筑前要对下承层进行平整度检测，尤其是桥头、接头等部位，凡满足不了平整度要求或行车有明显感觉的要进行铣刨处理，直至达到要求。结束语通过对高速公路沥青混凝土路面平整度影响因素的分析，得知沥青混凝土路面的平整度关系到路基、路面施工的全过程，情况复杂，影响因素很多。高速公路沥青混凝土路面平整度是全面质量管理、施工工艺、操作水平等的综合反映，只有精心组织，加强现场施工管理采用先进的施工工艺才能保平整度指标，提高路面的施工质量和使用性能。参考文献：1公路沥青路面施工技术规范JTG F4o一20042公路工程质量检验评定标准JtrG飕O一2004（英文版 ） Two
11、 regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of majo
12、r initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on ve
13、rtical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of
14、 the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised
15、 the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling
16、the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the peo
17、ple reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the par
18、tys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the p
19、arty strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions
20、 excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow,
21、 only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully me
22、et the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, d
23、amage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendm
24、ent. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist
25、Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, t
26、he Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendme
27、nt clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party
28、 committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit
29、 the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for
30、 Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations re
31、vised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and imple
32、ment the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the
33、 law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party conscio
34、usness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
35、Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adh
36、ere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regu
37、lations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized se
38、lf-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, t
39、he strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the
40、present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight prov
41、isions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several k
42、ey problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specification
43、s, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibit
44、ion 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fo
45、urth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the fi
46、rst insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of
47、the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as four must eight code. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as four must the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline
