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1、GRE写作立论ISSUE避免观点片面3个方法介绍 GRE写作立论ISSUE避免观点片面3个方法介绍,快来看看吧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。GRE写作立论ISSUE避免观点片面3个方法介绍GRE写作论点思路指导Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your positi
2、on, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.从这个instructions可以看出，我们绝不能单纯地从正负观点去展开*。因为，它明确说了你需要在写作中讨论“命题”中的陈述在何种情况下成立“true”，在何种情况下不成立”not hold true”。如果你在写作时仍然持有单一观点，你最后的得分可想而知。但是，实际情况是，对于大多数中国考生来讲，他们往往受困于单一观点
3、“黑白分明”的思维定式，不善于从多角度分析一个问题。而这里各位考生需要明白，ETS对于GRE高分作文有一个很重要也是最基本的要求，那就是complexity，也就是“立场和角度的多样化”。为了去应对这样的写作要求，我在这里介绍几种实用且又符合instructions要求的破题方式。GRE写作论证方法介绍：融合对立选项平衡观点很多题目总是会列出两个对象，接受一个抛弃另一个，这个时候可以找寻题设中两个认为对立的对象之间的联系，指出两者是共存的。例如：It is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting va
4、lue.1.艺术品本身实际上就有很深刻的内涵和永恒的价值，同时批评家可以让大家明白艺术品的价值在哪里。2. 那些流传远久有永恒价值的艺术都是批评家们帮助筛选出来的。因此，这两个对象是不矛盾的。GRE写作论证方法介绍：关键词分离写很多题目中会出现两个对象，从表面上看，它们似乎是一致的，但实际上他们之间存在差异。对于这样的题目，我们可以肯定一个对象，而否定另一个。例如：Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics.首先，我们可以看出，题目中的两个对象customs (风俗)和 eth
5、ics(伦理)实际上是有很大差异的。因此，科技对他们的影响力也绝对不会是一样的。1.肯定 customscustoms是可以被科技改变的，比如很多典礼和文化还有迷信都因为科学的进步而废除了，还是有很多传统被赋予了新的含义。2.否定 ethicsethics是很难被科技改变的，无论科技怎么变，道德是数千年以来人类共同承认的东西，是不会随着科技的发展而改变的，反过来是道德影响科技的发展。GRE写作论证方法介绍：定义模糊关键词很多题目的key point就在于如何定义关键词，题目给出的概念不够明晰的时候，可以有不同的理解，而不同的理解就可以有不同的方向破题。例如：facts are stubborn
6、 things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, or our inclinations.我们可以看出，本题中的 “facts”意义就非常模糊。因此，我们可以通过对于其不同定义来破解题目。1.如果fact作为一种自然客观规律，这样的fact是我们无法改变的，比如所有的生物终将死亡。时间是不能倒退的，这些是我们通过亲身感受可以感知到的，无论怎么努力，这些事实是不可能改变的。2.如果把fact理解为记录的史实，那么fact是有可能改变的。诚然发生过的事情不可以改变，但是历史本来就不可能完全真实的记录已经发生的事实。这样的情况下“fact”很多时候都是被改
7、变的。以上就是为各位考生整理的关于GRE写作避开片面论证的方法，希望考生积极做好备考工作，及时调整好状态，争取在GRE写作考试中取得理想的成绩!新GRE Issue写作范文透析TopicThe following is a letter to the editor of the Atticus City newspaperFormer Mayor Durant owes an apology to the city of Atticus. Both the damage to the River Bridge, which connects Atticus to Hartley, and th
8、e traffic problems we have long experienced on the bridge were actually caused 20 years ago by Durant. After all, he is the one who approved the construction of the bridge. If he had approved a wider and better-designed bridge, on which approximately the same amount of public money would have been s
9、pent, none of the damage or problems would have occurred. Instead, the River Bridge has deteriorated far more rapidly over the past 20 years than has the much longer Derby Bridge up the river. Even though the winters have been severe in the past several years, this is no excuse for the negligence an
10、d wastefulness of Durant.Sample EssayThe author of this letter concludes in his or her argument that former Mayor Durant should apologize to the city of Atticus because he is at fault for damage that has occurred over a twenty-year time span to the River Bridge. The author also blames Mayor Durant f
11、or long-time traffic problems on the bridge, stating that Durant actually caused these problems twenty years before because he approved the construction of the bridge and did not approve a wider and better-designed bridge. The arguer may have a personal vendetta against Mayor Durant but the elements
12、 stated in the argument do not support such an accusation.First of all, the author squarely places blame on Mayor Durant for the simple act of approving the construction of the bridge. There is no evidence presented that merely approving the building of the bridge had anything whatsoever to do with
13、the damage that has occurred or the traffic problems on the bridge. It is entirely possible that Mr. Durant simply approved the idea of constructing the bridge and not the design of the bridge or the contractor that built it. Simply approving the construction of the bridge does not in and of itself
14、cause damage to that bridge or any resulting traffic problems.In addition, the arguer concludes that if Mayor Durant had approved a wider and better-designed bridge that there would be no damage or traffic problems, an argument for which there is no basis of proof offered. It is a well-known fact th
15、at bridges are subject to deterioration, particularly over a period of twenty years, no matter how well designed they may be. The author also fails to offer any supporting evidence to show that a more durable bridge with fewer traffic problems could have been built for approximately the same amount
16、of public money. It seems likely that a wider bridge would have more damage problems rather than fewer, and probably would have cost more as well, whether public or private funds were used.Furthermore, the arguer mentions that the River Bridge has deteriorated much more rapidly than the much longer
17、Derby Bridge up the river. This groundless argument fails to take into account other possible reasons for the discrepancy in the deterioration of the two bridges such as traffic loads, location and other environmental variables. It is possible that the Derby Bridge was much more protected from the e
18、lements and rarely used by heavy truck traffic, for example. The author gives no basis for a direct comparison between the two bridges other than his or her personal opinion.Finally, the letter writer refers to the negligence and wastefulness of Mayor Durant. The only action cited by the author is t
19、he approval of the bridge in the first place, which proves neither neglect nor wasting of anything. The sentence itself contains a non sequitur - firstly discussing the severe winters of the past several years, and then accusing Mr. Durant of waste and neglect. This accusation is unwarranted as well
20、 as unsupported in the authors argument.In summary, the author simply makes groundless accusations without providing any real support for his or her argument. To make the argument convincing, the author would have to provide evidence that Mayor Durant approved a faulty bridge design or an unqualifie
21、d construction company that caused the bridges damage and traffic problems. The author should have also provided supporting details that show that the damage to the bridge is out of the ordinary and directly caused by Mayor Durants decision to use inadequate construction materials or a poor design.
22、Without more support, the authors point of view is unconvincing and not well reasoned.题目下述文字乃一封致Atticus都市报的信函：“前市长Durant应向全体Atticus 市民道歉。无论是将Atticus 市和Hartley市连结起来的跨河大桥所遭到的毁坏，还是我们在大桥上长期以来所经历的交通问题，实际上都是由Durant 市长在20年之前一手铸成的。无论如何，是他批准了大桥的开工建设。如果他所批准建设的大桥更宽一些，设计得更精良一些，而所投入其上的公共款项大致相等的话，那么，无论是大桥的受损，还是交通
23、拥堵问题均不会发生。然则，在过去20年期间，跨河大桥现在则远比上游河段上长度远长得多的Derby河大桥更为快速地遭到毁损。尽管过去几年中冬天的日子甚为严酷，但我们绝不能原谅Durant 市长的玩忽职守和浪费。”范文正文本信函的作者在其论述中得出结论，认为前市长Durant 应向Atticus全市作出正式道歉，因为对于过去20年中跨河大桥所遭受的损坏他应引咎自责。作者亦责怪Durant市长造成了大桥上长期以来的交通问题。作者陈述道，由于Durant市长批准了现在这座大桥的开工建设，而没有批准一座更宽、设计更精良的大桥，故他在20年之前实际上就已铸成了上述这些问题。提出这些论点的作者可以对Dura
24、nt市长有此个人怨仇，但论述中所陈述的各项内容并不能为这样一种责怪提供依据。首先，作者斩钉截铁地将罪责归咎于Durant市长，仅仅因为他批准了大桥的建造这一行为本身。但作者没能提供证据证明，仅仅只是批准该座大桥的建造这一行为与大桥本身所遭受的毁坏或大桥上的交通问题有任何必然的联系。完全有可能的是，Durant先生仅仅只是准许了建造这座大桥的想法，而并没有认可该大桥的设计或建造该大桥的承包商。纯粹去批准大桥的建造，这一行为就其本身而言并不会导致大桥受毁或造成任何交通问题。此外，论述者得出结论，认为如果Durant市长批准建造一座更宽、设计更精良的大桥的话，则既不会发生大桥受损，也不会有交通拥堵的
25、问题。对于该论据，论述者也没有提出任何证明依据。一个众所周知的事实是，所有桥梁的状况都会每况愈下，尤其是经历了20年这样长的时间之后，无论它们当时设计得是如何精良。信函作者也没能提供任何能起到支持作用的证据来证明，人们可以用大致同等数量的公共款项建起一座更为持久的、交通问题更少的大桥。有可能的是，一座桥面更宽的大桥所遭受的损坏可能更多，而非更少。也有可能是，所投入的资金将更大，无论所使用的是公共款项还是私人资金。再者，论述者提到跨河大桥比上游河段更长的Derby大桥老化的速度来得快。这一毫无根据的论点没能考虑到导致两座大桥老化状况差异的其他有可能的因素，如交通负荷、桥址、以及其他环境方面的变数
26、。例如，Derby大桥受到了更好的保护，受自然因素影响较少，很少有重型卡车类的交通工具通过其上。除了其武断的个人看法以外，信函作者没有拿出任何依据来在两座大桥之间作出直接的比较。最后，信函作者提及Durant市长的“玩忽职守及浪费”。该作者所援引的有关Durant市长的唯一的所作所为仅是早先时候对大桥建造的批准，而这一点既不能证明任何的玩忽职守，也不能证明任何浪费。该句子本身包含了一个不根据前提的推理首先讨论过去几年中气候严酷的冬天，紧接着责怪Durant先生的浪费与疏忽。在作者的论述中，这一谴责既无正当理由，也缺乏依据。概而言之，信函作者所做的只是提出一些毫无根据的责怪，而没有拿出任何真正的
27、依据来证明其论点。要使其论点更具说服力，该作者应拿出证据来证明，Durant市长所批准的是一份有严重失误的大桥建设设计方案，或一个没有资质的建筑公司，从而导致了大桥的受毁和交通问题。该作者也应该提供有支持作用的细节，以表明大桥受损程度超乎寻常，并且是因为Durant市长决定使用劣质建筑材料或采用了一份蹩脚的设计方案而直接造成的。在没有更为充分的依据这一条件下，该作者的论点无法令人置信，并且也显得没有得到充分的论证。GRE Issue写作范文透析美国脱口秀女王Oprah Winfrey(arts话题、TV话题)Oprah WinfreyShe didnt create the talk-show
28、 format. But the compassion and intimacy she put into it have created a new way for us to talk to one another.By DEBORAH TANNENThe Sudanese-born supermodel Alek Wek stands poised and insouciant as the talk-show host, admiring her classic African features, cradles Weks cheek and says, What a differen
29、ce it would have made to my childhood if I had seen someone who looks like you on television. The host is Oprah Winfrey, and she has been making that difference for millions of viewers, young and old, black and white, for nearly a dozen rs.Winfrey stands as a beacon, not only in the worlds of media
30、and entertainment but also in the larger realm of public discourse. At 44, she has a personal fortune estimated at more than half a billion dollars. She owns her own production company, which creates feature films, prime-time TV specials and home videos. An accomplished actress, she won an Academy A
31、ward nomination for her role in The Color Purple, and this fall will star in her own film production of Toni Morrisons Beloved.But it is through her talk show that her influence has been greatest. When Winfrey talks, her viewers an estimated 14 million daily in the U.S. and millions more in 132 othe
32、r countries listen. Any book she chooses for her on-air book club becomes an instant best seller. When she established the worlds largest piggy bank, people all over the country contributed spare change to raise more than $1 million (matched by Oprah) to send disadvantaged kids to college. When she
33、blurted that hearing about the threat of mad-cow disease just stopped me cold from eating another burger!, the perceived threat to the beef industry was enough to trigger a multimillion-dollar lawsuit (which she won).Born in 1954 to unmarried parents, Winfrey was raised by her grandmother on a farm
34、with no indoor plumbing in Kosciusko, Miss. By age 3 she was reading the Bible and reciting in church. At 6 she moved to her mothers home in Milwaukee, Wis.; later, to her fathers in Nashville, Tenn. A lonely child, she found solace in books. When a seventh-grade teacher noticed the young girl readi
35、ng during lunch, he got her a scholarship to a better school. Winfreys talent for public performance and spontaneity in answering questions helped her win beauty contests and get her first taste of public attention.Crowned Miss Fire Prevention in Nashville at 17, Winfrey visited a local radio statio
36、n, where she was invited to read copy for a lark and was hired to read news on the air. Two rs later, while a sophomore at Tennessee State University, she was hired as Nashvilles first female and first black TV-news anchor. After graduation, she took an anchor position in Baltimore, Md., but lacked
37、the detachment to be a reporter. She cried when a story was sad, laughed when she misread a word. Instead, she was given an early-morning talk show. She had found her medium.In 1984 she moved on to be the host of A.M. Chicago, which became The Oprah Winfrey Show. It was syndicated in 1986 when Winfr
38、ey was 32 and soon overtook Donahue as the nations top-rated talk show.Women, especially, listen to Winfrey because they feel as if shes a friend. Although Phil Donahue pioneered the format she uses (mike-holding host moves among an audience whose members question guests), his show was mostly what I
39、 call report-talk, which often typifies mens conversation. The overt focus is on information. Winfrey transformed the format into what I call rapport-talk, the back-and-forth conversation that is the basis of female friendship, with its emphasis on self-revealing intimacies. She turned the focus fro
40、m experts to ordinary people talking about personal issues. Girls and womens friendships are often built on trading secrets. Winfreys power is that she tells her own, divulging that she once ate a package of hot-dog buns drenched in maple syrup, that she had smoked cocaine, even that she had been ra
41、ped as a child. With Winfrey, the talk show became more immediate, more confessional, more personal. When a guests story moves her, she cries and spreads her arms for a hug.When my book You Just Dont Understand: Women and Men in Conversation was published, I was lucky enough to appear on both Donahu
42、e and Oprah and to glimpse the difference between them. Winfrey related my book to her own life: she began by saying she had read the book and saw myself over and over in it. She then told one of my examples, adding, Ive done that a thousand times and illustrated it by describing herself and Stedman
43、. (Like close friends, viewers know her steady beau by first name.)Winfrey saw televisions power to blend public and private; while it links strangers and conveys information over public airwaves, TV is most often viewed in the privacy of our homes. Like a family member, it sits down to meals with u
44、s and talks to us in the lonely afternoons. Grasping this paradox, Oprah exhorts viewers to improve their lives and the world. She makes people care because she cares. That is Winfreys genius, and will be her legacy, as the changes she has wrought in the talk show continue to permeate our culture and shape our lives.GRE写作立论ISSUE避免观点片面3个方法介绍
