《作文讲解1包括要求趋势评分样板顺序高分词汇句型.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《作文讲解1包括要求趋势评分样板顺序高分词汇句型.ppt（108页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、CET-4 作文讲解,写作总论,1.写作命题剖析大纲要求：写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。,写作总论,写作部分考核的技能是：A.思想表达1）.表达中心思想2）.表达重要或特定信息3）.表达观点、态度等B.篇章组织4）.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点5）.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇,写作总论,C.语言运用6）.运用恰当的词汇7）.运用正确的语法8）.运用合适的句子结构9）.使用正确的标点符号10）.运用衔接手段表达句间关系(如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等)D.写作格式11）.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式,写作总论,大学英语四级考试写作
2、部分要求考生达到教学要求中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性的话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。”,写作总论,2.四级写作评分原则和标准评分原则：1.CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。2.CET作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Reward Scores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。4.避免趋中倾向。
3、该给高分的给高分，包括满分;该给低分的给低分，包括0分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。,写作总论,评分标准：本题满分为15分.共分五等：2-4分、5-7分、8-10分、11-13分及14-15分。2-4分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或在部分句子均有错误，且多数严重错误。5-7分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8-10分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当，多其中有一些是严重错误。11-13分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14-15分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言
4、错误，仅有个别小错误,写作总论,注：1.白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。2.如题目中给出主题句，起始句，结束句，均不得计入所写字数3.只写一段者：04分；只写两段者：09分（指规定三段的作文）,Women in the Modern World,Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today.In today,many women have a work.They worked as well as men playing an important part in fact
5、ories.There are many women in govener also.They lead other people comtral,and make out plans.There are many women scientist also.They event new things to improve our life.With the changes in their social role,womens position in the family has been improved as well.In ancient,womens position in famil
6、y is pity.They had to looks after their children,did every how husband ordered her to do.But now it is changed.They are equal to her husband.They have the right of speaking of idea,discussion things with her husband,do what she wants to do.In spite of these changes,the liberation of woman has not be
7、en completely realized.We also should realize,womens likerty are limited.For example,many factories want men become its workers but the chance of women is less than men.Everyone should do their best to change this condition.Im sure,the liberation of women would be increased.,评分样卷(1),5分,基本切题，表达不够清楚，连
8、贯性差，有较多严重错误。,Women are playing an increasing important part in society today.More and more women go to work to earn money instead of keeping the house or looking after the children.Women have entered many fields of society including scientific field.As we know,many women sports teams have won the wo
9、rlds champion such as Chinese Womens Volleyball Team.With the changes in their social role,womans position in the family has been improved as well.Husbands are not the masters of wives in many places.Husbands and wife are equal now.They join together to overcome difficulties and share happiness.In s
10、pite of these changes,the liberation of women has not been completely realized.Also in some places,women are considered being“things”belong to men.They have little chance to find jobs.They dont get equal pay for equal job.This is a problem must be solved not only by society but also by women themsel
11、ves.,Women in the Modern World,评分样卷(2),11分,切题，思想表达清楚，连贯。有个别句子结构错误及少量其他语言方面的错误,Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today.Many women today are playing an important part at works that was thought only could be done by the men before.For example,some women are not secretary in th
12、e office,instead,they become manager of a company.With the changes in their social role,womans position in the family has been improved as well.In the world today,more and more women have their own jobs.They get their own salary,and become more independent from their husband.With the economic situat
13、ion improved,their family position is improving.In spite of these changes,the liberation of woman has not been completely realized.Many husbands only want his wife to stay at home,and do some works or do some shopping.They only want their wife to be a housewife,but not a manager of a company.,Women
14、in the Modern World,评分样卷(3),8分,基本切题，思想表达尚清楚，基本连贯，有个别严重的语言错误及用词不当，但可以理解。,Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today.In many countries,more and more women are acting as workers,farmers,scientists and even leaders.We can say that almost all jobs which men can do are done perfectl
15、y by women.Women are no longer looked down upon by society.With the changes in their social role,womens position in the family has been improved as well.Husband and wife are now equal in the family.They cope with problems of daily life together,and share happiness with each other.Also,you can hardly
16、 find out that in todays families,women are being busy with dinners,whereas men are comfortably sitting in armchairs,reading newspapers.In spite of these changes,the liberation of woman has not been completely realized.We also should realize that womens liberty is limited.For example,many factories
17、want men as their employees and the chance of women is slimer than men.Everyone should do their best to change this condition.Im sure the liberation of women would be reached.,Women in the Modern World,评分样卷(4),14分,切题，文章通顺，语言规范。句法有一定变化，用词适当。有个别小错，但不影响理解。,写作总论,3.四级写作命题规律与预测1）新：对传统的三段论式作文提出挑战，新的题型层出不穷。
18、特别是2003年以来，先后考过交通事故目击证词、导游词等首次出现的题目，所以仅仅依靠背诵套句变得越来越行不通。需要同学们重视提高自己的真正写作水平，以不变应万变。2）综合能力考核：纯粹的记叙、说明或议论文的考核被同时考核三种能力的综合性题目所代替，如2003年9月份的考题，就要求考生在第一段叙述你的classmate生病或受伤的过程，第二段要求说明一下各方面对他的关心，第三段要求你对这个事件展开讨论。这要求我们要全面发展自己的写作能力，不可偏废。3）实用：实用文体的写作出现得越来越多，书信作文屡次出现，2004年6月还考了一篇导游词。这体现了四级作文对学生实际运用英语能力的关注，也是四级作文备
19、考训练的重点之一。,写作总论,3.1 最近几年四级考试作文题目2006.6 Volunteers Needed(应用文)2006.6.On Students Selecting Lecturers（论说文）2006.12.Spring Festival Gala on TV(论说文)2007.6.Welcome to our club（应用文）2007.12.What Electives to Choose（论说文）2008.6.Recreational Activities(论说文)2008.12.Limiting the Use of Disposal Bags（论说文）2009.6.Fr
20、ee Admission to Museums（论说文）2009.12.CreateaGreenCampus(论说文),写作总论,3.2.命题形式 3.2.1.提纲作文 提纲作文实质上是议论文，其下可分为四种类型：现象阐释型:2003年1月四级作文考题 Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline
21、 given below in Chinese.1.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象；2.诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实。,写作总论,问题对策型：分析问题，找出成因，提出解决办法，题目实例如下：1997年6月四级英语作文真题 Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus.You should write at least 100 words and you should ba
22、se your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:1.大学生了解社会的必要性；2.了解社会的途径（大众媒介、社会服务 等）；3.我打算怎么做。,写作总论,观点对比型辨析两种对立观点，题目实例如下：1995年1月四级作文真题 Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness?You should write no less than 100 words and
23、 you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:1.有人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happiness）2.也有人认为金钱是万恶之源（root of all evil）3.我的看法,写作总论,论说反驳型支持或驳斥一种观点，题目实例如下：1998年6月四级作文真题 Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do“Lucky Numbers”Reall
24、y Bring Good Luck?You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运；2.我认为数字和运气无关，,写作总论,3.2.2.图表作文近十年来图表作文只考过一次柱状图 情景作文的实质是记叙文，主要考过如下类型：A.书信（1）告知信/建议信:2004年1月 四级作文真题 Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to wr
25、ite a letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1.建议报考的专业及理由；2.报考该专业的基本条件；3.应当如何备考。,写作总论,（2）综合信 2002年1月四级作文真题 Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minu
26、tes to write a composition on the topic:A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 120 words,and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。,写作总论,B.演讲致辞 2005
27、年1月四级作文真题 Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.A Campaign Speech 1.你认为自己具备是什么条件(能力，性格，爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作，2.如
28、果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？,写作总论,3.3.四级作文可能会出现的题目 1）考试的命题作文大都是议论文结构，一般来说题目内容应该是考生所熟悉的，能够有话可说的，如那些社会热点问题就是经常出的题目。2）但不是所有的热点问题都会成为考试题目。考试题目还要和考试对象的文化背景，年龄特点相一致，所以有关大学生生活，学习，理想等的题目经常出现。3）作文题目会考虑到考生的语言水平，也就是说学生要求掌握的词汇和结构能否足够表达所考的题目。,写作总论,热点话题：Economy Society Science and technology Media Entertainment Education Envi
29、ronment,写作总论,4.考试流程与时间分配1）流程8：45 验证入场（准考证、身份证、学生证）8：55-9：00 试音考前准备过程9：00 考试正式开始9：009：10播考场指令并发答题卡一、二 答题卡一写作与快速阅读部分 答题卡二听力、阅读、完型和翻译9：109：40 开始答题 写作部分（9：35发试题册）,写作总论,2）写作时间分配i)审题（5分钟）要解决的问题：分清题型确定体裁、揣摩题意紧扣主题、构思写作环环相扣例如：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay in honor of teacher
30、s on the occasion of Teachers Day.You should write at least 120words following the outline given below.1.向老师表达祝贺2.从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私奉献3.我如何回报老师的关爱,写作总论,再比如：For this part,your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Trying to Be A Good University Student.You should write at least 12
31、0 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:（1）做合格大学生的必要性（2）做合格大学生的必备条件（可以德智体等方面谈）（3）我打算这样做,写作总论,ii)写作过程（20分钟）要注意的事项：A)选择恰当的词汇注意选词的准确性：例如：学习知识learn knowledge（）acquire/get knowledge（）As the only child in my family,Im not used to sleeping with so many people in t
32、he same dormitory.（）As the only child in my family,Im not used to sharing a room with so many people.（）,写作总论,Professor Li is very popular with the students because he is modest and childish.（）Childish childlikeMary won Jane in the speech contest（）won beatWith the development of big cities,a problem
33、has arisen before us:traffic in cities has become more and more serious than before.（）more and more serious heavier and heavier,写作总论,They can clean the air,beautify the city,develop a good climate and weaken noise.They can clean the air,beautify the city,develop a healthy climate and reduce noise.In
34、 addition,a bicycle will never give off poisonous gas as a car and it needs only a little place to park.In addition,a bicycle does not give off poisonous gas as a car and it needs only a small place to park.,写作总论,注意词义With the industrious development,there is a great need for different kinds of energ
35、y.industrious industrialTV commercials have a profound influence on our every day life.every day everydayFirst we should use our natural resources in an economic way.economic economical,写作总论,注意词汇的搭配However,the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bicycle.However,the speed of a car is much hi
36、gher than that of a bicycle.In the past the price of milk was so expensive that most families could not afford it.In the past the price of milk was so high that most families could not afford it.The opportunity to be promoted in a joint venture will be smaller if one cannot speak English.The opportu
37、nity to be promoted in a joint venture will be poorer if one cannot speak English,写作总论,In recent one and two years,people who take TOEFL have decreased.In recent one and two years,the number of people who take TOEFL test has decreased.In the past few years,grain has decreased by nearly 20%.In the pa
38、st few years,the consumption of grain has decreased by nearly 20%.,写作总论,注意修饰语He neither speaks English nor Chinese.He speaks neither English nor Chinese.At the age of six,my father began to give me English lessons.When I was six years old,my father began to give me English lessons.Having carried out
39、 economic reforms in our country,peoples living standard has been greatly improved.Since economic reforms have been carried out in our country,peoples living standard has greatly been improved.To improve ones writing skill,regular practice is essential.To improve ones writing skill,one must make a r
40、egular practice.,写作总论,注意词性This term well very busy.This term well be very busy.The cave like a room very much.The cave looked very much like a room.,写作总论,注意连接词I started to play table-tennis in middle school,still play it now.I started to play table-tennis in middle school,and I still play it now.TV
41、becomes an important part in our daily life.Because we cannot live without it.TV becomes an important part in our daily life,because we cannot live without it.The sun had just risen,shining brilliantly,everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk.The sun had just risen,shining brillia
42、ntly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk.,写作总论,In spite of this obvious advantage,it also brings inconvenience to some people,who have to take buses not their cars,and so slow down their speed.In spite of this obvious advantage,it also brings inconvenience to some people,
43、who have to take buses instead of their cars,and so slow down their speed.The old ones may think too much about safety,the young ones accept it more quickly.Old people may think too much about safety,while/but/whereas young people accept them more quickly.,写作总论,Second,whoever breaks the regulation s
44、hould be fined or punished.Then everyone will comply with this regulation.Second,whoever breaks the regulation should be fined or punished so that everyone will comply with this regulation.But in fact,there are also many people who think numbers have nothing to do with luck.But there are also many p
45、eople who think that numbers,in fact,have nothing to do with luck.,写作总论,注意指代关系 People have been fighting against the influences of TV commercials,but it often proves useless.People have been fighting against the influences of TV commercials,but this effort often proves useless.Television provides us
46、 with a vivid,colorful world,which enables us to enjoy life thoroughly.By providing us with a vivid,colorful world,television enables us to enjoy life thoroughly.,写作总论,选词的丰富性：例如：除了用clear,还可用obvious、apparent,evident 来陈述观点-Its very clear that可替换important 的还有significant,vital,crucial,momentous,etc.B)句与
47、句、段与段之间的转折和承接but,and,so that,as well as,not onlybut alsoFirstly Secondly/Moreover/In addition/FurthermoreFinally.By way of conclusion,写作总论,C)时态和语法This is what we called the problem of population explosion.(注意时态)This is what we call the problem of population explosion.Smoking harms our health.（注意习惯）I
48、t is harmful to smoke.This year my listening skills have made much progress.（注意文法）I have made great progress in my listening this year.,写作总论,注意时态With the opening of our country toward the world in recent years,English becomes more and more important.With the opening of our country toward the world i
49、n recent years,English has become more and more important.Do you have a feeling that the world is getting smaller and smaller although the size of the earth doesnt change?Do you have a feeling that the world is getting smaller and smaller although the actual size of the earth hasnt changed?,写作总论,The
50、 need for more jobs makes us develop our industries.The need for more jobs will make us develop our industries.注意习惯：切勿写中国式英语Reading books can acquire knowledge.Through reading one can acquire knowledge.Now people go abroad is not easy.It is not easy for people to go abroad now.,写作总论,Nowadays young p
