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1、B R _ main,Listening Comprehension,Warm-up Questions,Background Information,B R _ An English Song _main,Listening Comprehension,Thinking Before Listening,Thinking While Listening,Listening and Speaking,B R _ An English Song _main,Background Information,Automobile Industry,Global Positioning System,I
2、ntelligent Transportation System,B R _ Thinking Before Listening,Thinking Before Listening,The title of the passage you are going to listen to is“Cars of the Future”.Write down three questions about cars of the future.,B R _ Thinking While Listening,Thinking While Listening,Listen to the passage and
3、 find out if it answers the questions you asked in Exercise 1.,What kind of car will we be driving in 2010?Rather different from the type we know today,with the next 20 years bringing greater change than the past 50.Their vision is of a machine with three wheels instead of four,electrically powered,
4、environmentally clean,and able to drive itself along“intelligent”roads equipped with built-in power suppliers.Future cars will pick up their fuel during long journeys from a power source built into the road,or store it in small quantities for traveling in the city.Instead of todays seating arrangeme
5、nts two in front,two or three behind,all facing forward the 2010 car will have a versatile interior with adults and children in a family circle.,B R _ Thinking While Listening1,This view of the future car is based on a much more sophisticated road system,with strips built into motorways to supply po
6、wer to vehicles passing along them.Cars will not need drivers,because computers will provide safe driving control and route finding.All the driver will have to do is say where to go and the computer will do the rest.It will become impossible for cars to crash into one another.The technology already
7、exists for the car to become a true automobile.,B R _ Thinking While Listening2,clean driving:electrically powered,environmentally cleansafe driving:controlled by computermore comfortable:a versatile interior with the adults and children in a family circle,B R _ Listening and Speaking,Listening and
8、Speaking,Listen to the passage again and say what changes will make driving:,cleaner?safer?more comfortable?,Tips:,B R _ Warm-up Questions 1,Warm-up Questions,What do you think is the most profitable and powerful industry of the 20th century,computer,automobile,petroleum or airplane?2.What do you th
9、ink will be the most profitable and powerful industry in the 21st century,communication,astronautics,biology or construction?3.What is the greatest invention in the world so far?,B R _ Warm-up Questions 2,4.If you could afford a car,would you buy one?Which brand would you like to have?,B R _ Automob
10、ile Industry 1,Automobile Industry,The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world,affecting not only economies but also cultures.It provides jobs for millions of people,generates billions of dollars in worldwide revenues,and provides the basis for a multitude of related
11、 service and support industries.Automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century,changing forever the way people live,travel,and do business.Between 1886 and 1898,about 300 automobiles were built,but there was no real established industry.,A century later,with automakers and auto buyers
12、 expanding globally,automaking became the worlds largest manufacturing activity,with more than 53 million new vehicles built each year worldwide.Automobile manufacturers are among the largest companies in the world.These corporations are often multinational.These companies often share parts,or use p
13、arts made in foreign factories.The U.S.automobile industry produced 16.8 million vehicles in 1999.The three major automobile manufacturers in the United StatesGeneral Motors Corporation,Ford Motor Company,and Daimler Chrysler AGprovide three fourths of the industrys total direct employment in the Un
14、ited States.,B R _ Automobile Industry 2,B R _ Global Positioning System 1,Global Positioning System,Global Positioning System is a space-based radio-navigation system,consisting of 24 satellites and ground support.GPS provides users with accurate information about their position and velocity,as wel
15、l as the time,anywhere in the world and in all weather conditions.GPS determines location by computing the difference between the time that a signal is sent and the time it is received.GPS satellites carry atomic clocks that provide extremely accurate time.,As of March 1994,24 GPS satellites were in
16、 operation.Replenishment(补给)satellites are ready for launch,and,contracts have been awarded to provide satellites into the 21st century.GPS applications continue to grow in land,sea,air,and space navigation.The ability to enhance safety and to decrease fuel consumption will make GPS an important com
17、ponent of travel in the international airspace system.Airplanes will use GPS for landing at fogbound(为浓雾所困的)airports.Automobiles will use GPS as part of intelligent transportation systems.Emerging technologies will enable GPS to determine not only the position of a vehicle but also its altitude.,B R
18、 _ Global Positioning System 2,problems.For example,using advanced surveillance(监视)systems,the early stages of a traffic bottleneck situation can be detected,and traffic can then be directed to other routes to mitigate(减轻)the congestion and to provide faster and more efficient routes for travelers.N
19、ew technologies enable this type of surveillance and guidance,B R _ Intelligent Transportation System 1,Intelligent Transportation System,Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)refers to transportation systems which apply emerging hard and soft information systems technologies to address and allevia
20、te(缓解)transportation congestion,response to occur in real time,and therefore,to allow potential congestion situations to be addressed before they develop into serious traffic jams.,B R _ Intelligent Transportation System 2,G R _ main,Part Division of the Text,Further Understanding,True or False,G R
21、_ Further Understanding,Further Understanding,Text Analysis,Language Focus,Answer the Questions,G R _ True or False 1,True or False,1.There are so many people killed in the car accidents that car accidents reports can be found in newspaper nearly everyday.,F,The number of people that are killed or b
22、adly injured in car accidents is so vast that we dont even bother to mention them in the newspaper anymore.,(),Scan Text A and decide whether the following statements are true or false.,2.A smart car can alert the driver if he becomes drowsy.,T,(),G R _ True or False 2,3.The computer in the car will
23、 totally eliminate the cases of getting lost and getting stuck in traffic.,F,The computer can have a positive impact on these problems,but it is unlikely to cure them.,(),G R _ True or False 3,4.The computer in the car sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a satellite.,F,The satellite sen
24、ds out a radio signal that can be detected by a receiver in a cars computer.,(),5.By establishing the relation between the rotations in the steering wheel and the cars position on a map,the computer can tell us where the car is.,T,(),G R _ Part Division of the Text 1,Part Division of the Text,Parts,
25、Para(s),Main Ideas,1,13,2,49,New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century.,With the aid of advanced technology,smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents,determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams.,G R _ Pa
26、rt Division of the Text 2,Parts,Para(s),Main Ideas,GPS and“telematics”will make it possible to build smart highways,which will benefit us in more than one way.,1013,3,G R _ Answer the Questions,1.,Answer the Questions,How important was the automobile industry in the 20th century?,2.,3.,Did the autom
27、obile industry change a lot in the last seventy years?,What will happen to cars and roads in the 21st century?,4.,Why does the author say the key to tomorrows“smart cars”will be sensors?,G R _ Text Analysis,Text Analysis,In this part,the author lists the features of smart cars.Can you summarize thes
28、e features?,Tips:,Smart cars can eliminate most car accidents.Smart cars can alert the police and provide precise location if stolen.Smart cars can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby.Smart cars can alert the sleepy driver.Smart cars can locate your car precisely and warn of traff
29、ic jams.,1.2.3.4.5.,G R _ Language Focus 1,Language Focus,We may encounter some difficult words or phrases in reading.Shall we consult the dictionary immediately?An efficient reader will make a guess based on knowledge of word-formation or knowledge of the word in the context.For example,can you gue
30、ss the meaning of“blink spot”in the following sentence?Should you make a serious driving mistake(e.g.,change lanes when there is a car in your“blind spot”)the computer would sound an immediate warning.There might be an accident if you change lanes when there is a car in your“blind spot”.How could it
31、 happen?,G R _ Language Focus 2,How come you dont know the existence of the car?It must be that you cannot observe the car from the rear-view mirror.Here comes the possible meaning of“blind spot”:a portion of the road behind a car,which a driver cannot observe from the rear-view mirror.,Now try to g
32、uess the meaning of“Global Positioning System”(Para.7)and“atomic clocks”(Para.7).Word-formation may also provide much information about the meaning of the word.For example,what is telematics?The prefix“tele-”means“distant”,the suffix“-matics”may be the end part of“informatics”.So telematics must be
33、a branch of knowledge concerned with long-distance transmission.,G R _ Language Focus 3,Now try to guess the meaning of“prototype”(Para.6)and“interstate”(Para.12).,Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars,making it the worlds biggest manufacturing industry.,D R _ Text 1,Sma
34、rt Cars,Even the automobile industry,which has remained largely unchanged for the last seventy years,is about to feel the effects of the computer revolution.,The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century.There are presently 500 million car
35、s on earth,or one car for every ten people.,D R _ Text 2,The car,and the roads it travels on,will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century.The key to tomorrows“smart cars”will be sensors.“Well see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act,”predicts Bill Spreitzer,
36、technical director of General Motors Corporations ITS program,which is designing the smart car and road of the future.,Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents.The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we
37、dont even bother to mention them in the newspapers anymore.,Smart cars have already been built which can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby.Small radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars.Should you make a serious driving mistake(e.g.,change lanes when there is a car
38、in your“blind spot”)the computer would sound an immediate warning.,D R _ Text 3,Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers,and many others from carelessness.A smart car could eliminate most of these car accidents.It can sense if a driver is drunk via electronic sensors that can pick up a
39、lcohol vapor in the air,and refuse to start up the engine.The car could also alert the police and provide its precise location if it is stolen.,D R _ Text 4,drivers eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic,a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver.,A
40、t the MIT Media Lab,a prototype is already being built which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive,which is especially important for long-distance truck drivers.The monotonous,almost hypnotic process of staring at the center divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated,life-threatenin
41、g hazard.To eliminate this,a tiny camera hidden in the dashboard can be trained on a drivers face and eyes.If the,D R _ Text 5,Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost and getting stuck in traffic.While the computer revolution is unlikely to cure these problems,it will
42、 have a positive impact.Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any moment and warn of traffic jams.We already have twenty-four,Navstar satellites orbiting the earth,making up what is called the Global Positioning System.They make it possi
43、ble to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet.,D R _ Text 6,At any given time,there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles.Each satellite contains four“atomic clocks,”which vibrate at a precise frequency,according to the laws of
44、the quantum theory.,As a satellite passes overhead,it sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a receiver in a cars computer.The cars computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by measuring how long it took for the signal to arrive.Since the speed of light is well known,any delay i
45、n receiving the satellites signal can be converted into a distance.,D R _ Text 7,In Japan there are already over a million cars with some type of navigational capability.(Some of them locate a cars position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to its position on a map.)With the price o
46、f microchips dropping so drastically,future applications of GPS are virtually limitless.“The commercial industry is poised to explode,”says Randy,Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp.,which manufactures navigational systems.Blind individuals could use GPS sensors in walking sticks,airplanes could land b
47、y remote control,hikers will be able to locate their position in the woodsthe list of potential uses is endless.,GPS is actually but part of a larger movement,called“telematics,”which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on smart highways.Prototypes of such highways already exist in Europe,and
48、experiments are being made in California to mount computer chips,sensors,and radio transmitters on highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions.On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of San Diego,traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed system which will introdu
49、ce the“automated driver.”The plan calls for computers,aided by thousands of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway,to take complete control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads.Cars will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles,only six feet apart,traveling in unison,
50、and controlled by computer.,D R _ Text 8,D R _ Text 9,Promoters of this computerized highway have great hopes for its future.By 2010,telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States.If successful,by 2020,as the price of microchips drops to below a penny a piece
