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1、,八大句子成分和五个简单句型,八大句子成分,主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，表语，补足语，同位语,1）主语：是一个句子的主体、主题，是全句述说的对象。Students study.We are friends.,2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如：We plant trees every year.We study for the people.I can speak a little English.,3）宾语：表示行为的对象，动作的承受者People make chances.I am reading a book.I like t
2、o play with him.,4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。This is a red sun.He is a tall boy.I bought an English-Chinese dictionary.,）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。The students study hard.I often write to him.I sleep at night.He sat there.,）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。一般与连系动词构成系表结构。This table is
3、 long.Her face turned red.The rubbish smells terrible.,7.补语，起补充说明的作用,I asked him to have dinner.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 I consider him a gentleman.8.同位语两个结构，前后项所指相同，句法功能也相同，后者是前者的同位语。Mr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.,主语补语Tom was made monitor.宾语补语I made Tom monitor.表语补语I am sure to succeed.,Practic
4、e:,The tall boy often plays football in the playground at weekends.(定语)主语(状语)+谓语+宾语（状语 状语）,基本句型之一：主+谓+宾,五个基本句型,基本句型一:基本句型二:基本句型三:基本句型四:基本句型五:,S+Vi.(主+谓)S+Lv+P(主+系+表)S+Vt.+O(主+谓+宾)S+Vt.+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)S+Vt.+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补),S+Vi.(主+谓)1.The sun was shining.太阳在照耀着.2.The moon rose.月亮升起了.,2.S+Lv+P(主+系+表)1.
5、This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典.2.The dinner smells good.午餐的气味很好.,3.S+Vt.+O(主+谓+宾)1.Who knows the answer？谁知道答案？2.He enjoys reading.他喜欢看书.3.He admits that he made a mistake.他承认犯了错误.,4.S+Vt.+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)1.She ordered herself a new dress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳.2.I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片.3.He bought you a dictionary.他给你买了一本字典.,5.S+Vt.+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)1.They painted the door green.他们把门漆成绿色.2.They found the house deserted.他们发现那房子无人居住.3.What makes him think so？他怎么会这样想？,
