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1、,学术英语 综合,Academic English An Integrated Course,Unit 3Psychology,Unit Contents,Unit objectives,Text A,Text B,Text C,Academic language and discourse,Listening,Speaking,Writing,Unit Objectives,1.Professional KnowledgeGet acquainted with some important psychological concepts(e.g.optimist,pessimist,perso
2、nality,character traits,etc.)2.ReadingSummarize the main ideas of a text and identify essential supporting pointsUnderstand difficult sentences(e.g.,sentences with formal words or expressions)Identify comparison and contrast,Unit 3Psychology,Unit Objectives,3.ListeningUnderstand important supporting
3、 details4.SpeakingMake a clear,concise and reliable argument5.WritingKnow the basic elements and structure of the introduction section of a research paper.,Unit 3Psychology,Unit Objectives,6.ResearchingIndependently locate and study a variety of resources(articles,books,videos,etc.)to know more abou
4、t the study of psychology7.Academic language and discourseKnow what is collocation Acquire some specialized vocabulary in psychologyUnderstand the differences between comparison and contrastComprehend stylistic differences between formal and informal English and acquire some formal expressions,Unit
5、3Psychology,Text A Lead-in,Listen twice to a talk on what psychologists do and fill in the blanks with the exact words youve heard.Share your answers with your fellow classmates.,Unit 3Psychology,Text A Overview,Summarize the main ideas of Text A.Do Task 1/Overview,A contrast between pessimists and
6、optimistsHow they view bad events,defeats,etc.Pessimists:Bad events will last a long time,will undermine everything they do,and are their own fault.Optimists:Defeat is just a temporary setback;defeat is not their fault;a bad situation is a challenge.Different consequences brought by their different
7、approaches Pessimists:Give up more easily and get depressed more oftenOptimists:Do much better in school and at work;more apt to be elected when running for office;age well and live longer,Unit 3Psychology,Text A In-depth analysis,1.Contribute as much as possible what you know about the following:op
8、timismpessimism,Unit 3Psychology,Text A Supplementary information,Pessimism vs.optimismImagine you divided everyone in the world into two psychological groups.You put all the optimists on one side and all the pessimists on the other(lets leave the realists aside for now).Amongst the optimists the co
9、nversation would all be about fantastic plans for the future.Meanwhile the pessimists are having what might seem to the optimists like a depressing discussion.Theyre worrying about all the things that might go wrong.Theyre worried that even the things they have will be taken away from them by some c
10、ruel twist of fate.,Unit 3Psychology,Text A Supplementary information,Over the years psychologists have examined many aspects of pessimism and optimism.Theres good news for all.There are some advantages to optimism like it seems to make people feel better about life.But there are also advantages for
11、 pessimism as thinking the worst helps some pessimists cope better with the world.However,we should be less concerned with which is“better”or which camp is larger and more interested in why people see the world in such different ways in the first place.,Unit 3Psychology,Text A In-depth analysis,2.Ha
12、ve a group discussion about the two questions in Task 2/Points for discussion.,Unit 3Psychology,Text B Text Analysis,1.the English idiom“dont judge a book by its cover”,The very common English idiom“dont judge a book by its cover”is a metaphorical phrase which means“dont determine the worth of somet
13、hing based on its appearance”.It is probably the most common expression used in English to convey attitudes against vanity.Another commonly used expression with similar meaning is“all that glitters in not gold”,meaning that not everything that looks precious or true turns out to be so.This can apply
14、 to persons,places,or things that promise to be more than they really are.,Unit 3Psychology,Text B Text Analysis,2.We are often cautioned against judging a book by its cover.What does it imply when it comes to making a judgment of somebody?It implies that people are not always what they seem,that su
15、rface appearances are deceptive.People shouldnt be judged by how they look but be judged by their actions.,Unit 3Psychology,Text B Text Analysis,3.What message does the author want to convey through a host of examples listed in the text？,The author wants to convey to readers that people,at all times
16、,tend to form a quick impression of others based only on a quick“snapshot”of information and that they are programmed by evolution to respond differently to people with different features.For example,they may respond gently to infantile features so that real babies or adults with baby faces are trea
17、ted with tender care.,Unit 3Psychology,Text B Text Analysis,4.Do Task 2/Critical Reading and Thinking/Text B in groups of 4-5 to discuss whether its almost impossible not to judge an individual by their appearance in todays society.,Unit 3Psychology,Text B Researching,Form into teams to do the task
18、in Researching/Text B.Within each team,there are:facilitator:Think about the whole group and manage the taskMake sure everyone feels included and has a job to do before and during the discussion.Preside over the classroom discussion.recorder:Make notes of the group discussion.Work with the reporter,
19、who will have to read from the notes.reporter:Summarize and present the results to the class.Speak on behalf of the group.,Unit 3Psychology,Contribute what you know about IQ test and then give examples as many as possible.,Text C Text Analysis,Unit 3Psychology,Text C Supplementary information,Insura
20、nce sales jobsJob duties of insurance sales are to get as many people interested into buying various types of insurance,such as life,car,health,property and casualty.For insurance sales agent jobs,most companies and independent agencies prefer to hire college graduates especially those who have majo
21、red in business or economics.Many colleges and universities offer courses in insurance,and a few schools offer a bachelors degree in the field.College courses in finance,mathematics,accounting,economics,business law,marketing,and business administration enable insurance sales agents to understand ho
22、w social and economic conditions relate to the insurance industry.,Unit 3Psychology,Text C Supplementary information,Courses in psychology,sociology,and public speaking can prove useful in improving sales techniques.In addition,familiarity with computers and popular software packages has become very
23、 important.In fact,many entrants to insurance sales agent jobs transfer from other occupations.In selling commercial insurance,technical experience in a particular field can help sell policies to those in the same profession.,Unit 3Psychology,Text C Supplementary information,2.IQ testIQ,short for in
24、telligence quotient,is a score derived from one of several standardized tests designed to assess intelligence.The abbreviation IQ comes from the German term Intelligenz-Quotient,originally coined by psychologist William Stern.When current IQ tests are developed,the median raw score of the norming sa
25、mple is defined as IQ 100 and scores each standard deviation(SD)up or down are defined as 15 IQ points greater or less,although this was not always so historically.IQ scores are used as predictors of educational achievement,special needs,job performance and income.They are also used to study IQ dist
26、ributions in populations and the correlations between IQ and other variables.,Unit 3Psychology,2.Answer the questions after Text C.,Text C Text Analysis,Two kinds of tests are generally used to predict potential for success.What are they?Whats the theory behind each of them?According to traditional
27、wisdom,what are the two essential ingredients of success?What viewpoint does the author hold in this regard?,Unit 3Psychology,Academic language and discourse,1.What is collocation?,Collocation,2.Do Task 1 Collocation/Language building-up/Text A,Unit 3Psychology,Academic language and discourse,3.Addi
28、tional classroom activity:Translate the following phrases,which appear in Texts B and C,from Chinese into English.使相互关联快速翻阅一本杂志 体格和个性之间的紧密联系 社会观察者 许多提示 成功的潜能 弥补天资的不足 追求成功的强烈意愿,correlate sth.with sth.,flip quickly through the pages of a magazine,a strong link between physique and personality,social p
29、erceivers,a host of cues,potential for success,make up for meager talent,a passionate desire to succeed,Collocation,Unit 3Psychology,Academic language and discourse,Supplementary information,CollocationThe term“collocation”is used to refer to a sequence of words that commonly occur together like tak
30、e a chance,run for office,sink into despair.Many linguists view collocational knowledge as the essence of language knowlege.And the best way to explain nativelike accuracy and nativelike fluency is that in addition to knowing the rules of the language,people store numerous preconstructed chunks or c
31、ollocations in their memory.,Unit 3Psychology,Academic language and discourse,Supplementary information,There are several different types of collocation made from combinations of verb,noun,adjective etc.Some of the most common types are:Adverb+Adjective,for example:completely satisfied(NOT downright
32、 satisfied)Adjective+Noun,for example:excruciating pain(NOT excruciating joy)Noun+Noun,for example:a surge of anger(NOT a rush of anger)Noun+Verb,for example:lions roar(NOT lions shout)Verb+Noun,for example:commit suicide(NOT undertake suicide)Verb+Prepositional Phrase,for example:burst into tears(N
33、OT blow up in tears)Verb+Adverb,for example:wave frantically(NOT wave feverishly),Unit 3Psychology,Academic language and discourse,Signpost language,1.Key words commonly used to express comparison:,like,similar,similarly,as,same,the same as,in the same way,too,as well as,both,most important,have in
34、common,2.Key words commonly used to express contrast:,although,yet,whereas,however,But,while,instead,unless,unlike,on the contrary,contrary to,even though,on the other hand,the reverse,Unit 3Psychology,Academic language and discourse,Signpost language,3.Do Task 2/Language building-up/Text A.,Unit 3P
35、sychology,Academic language and discourse,Signpost language,4.Write down more examples in which contrasts are used in Text A.,This father and mother have two different ways of looking at the world.Whenever something bad happens to him.he imagines the worst.He is prone to depression;he has long bouts
36、 of listlessness;his health suffers.She,on the other hand,sees bad events in their least threatening light.To her,they are temporary and surmountable,challenges to be overcome.After a reversal,she comes back quickly,soon regaining her energy.Her health is excellent.(Para.18),Unit 3Psychology,Academi
37、c language and discourse,Signpost language,The defining characteristic of pessimists is that they tend to believe bad events will last a long time,will undermine everything they do,and are their own fault.The optimists,when confronted with the same hard knocks of this world,think about misfortune in
38、 the opposite way.They tend to believe defeat is just a temporary setback,that its causes are confined to this one case.The optimists believe defeat is not their fault.Confronted by a bad situation,they perceive it as a challenge and try harder.(Para.19)Literally hundreds of studies show that pessim
39、ists give up more easily and get depressed more often.These experiments also show that optimists do much better in school and college,at work and on the playing field.They regularly exceed the predictions of aptitude tests.(Para.20),Unit 3Psychology,Academic language and discourse,Formal English,Sou
40、rces of input for different types of English.,Unit 3Psychology,Academic language and discourse,Formal English,2.Do Task 3/Language building-up/Text A.,Unit 3Psychology,Academic language and discourse,Formal English,3.The following sentences are selected from Text A.Change the underlined formal words
41、 or expressions into forms that are neutral or less formal.,Unit 3Psychology,Academic language and discourse,Formal English,full of,is(immediately)alert and energetic,keeping thinking about,been deeply involved in a sense of hopelessness,likely to suffer from,not easily disturbed,murmuring about com
42、monplace remarks,officially approved,Unit 3Psychology,Listening,Why are supporting details important to understand an argument?2.Listen to the clip and do the tasks.,Unit 3Psychology,Listening,More about listening for main ideas,Some strategies of how to get a speakers main idea:Listen for a thesis
43、statement at the end of the introduction.Listen for rhetorical questions,or questions that the speaker asks,and then answers.Often the answer is the thesis.Notice ideas that are repeated or rephrased.Here are some sentence patterns for your reference:Ill say this again So again,let me repeat Let me
44、put it another way The most important thing to know is What you need to know is,Unit 3Psychology,Speaking,Making an argument Making an argument is an essential part of academic speaking.An argument consists of two parts:1)thesis statement or claim;2)evidence that supports the claim.The thesis statem
45、ent should be clear and concise,while the evidence should be convincing and reliable.,Unit 3Psychology,Speaking,2.Read the following tips about how to state your views while being collected and reasonable.,Stay calm.The energy you give off is usually picked up on by the other person;if you are calm
46、they sense you mean no harm and relax more.Also consider your tone of voice;try to keep a steady,low tone and volume.Whats more,consider your body language:have a good firm posture that makes your feel powerful but not aggressive.Dont insult the other person.Avoid saying something that might be take
47、n as an insult.When people are angry they are much more sensitive and will take even the smallest comment as an insult.,Unit 3Psychology,Speaking,Express that you are willing to listen to the other person and respect them.Even though you might not agree with what the other person is saying you need
48、to remember that they might feel just as strongly about their views as you do about yours.Be reasonable.The outcome of the argument might not be exactly what you wanted,but never expect to get everything you want.Be civil,the loudest person is usually wrong.Screaming or trying to be heard is not a g
49、ood way to make your argument;it comes off immature.Make sure you are familiar in the subject!You dont want to get in an argument about dog training with an expert when youve just managed to train your dog to sit.Press your point.Pick a reasonable idea,and stick to it dont let the person youre argui
50、ng with distract you or lead you away from the subject.,Unit 3Psychology,Speaking,3.Additional tips with regard to making a good argument,Dont swear.Otherwise,the other person will think that you are going to be unreasonable and set a far more aggressive tone than needed.Keep your voice at a normal
