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1、GRE阅读之抓住特点提高能力 换汤不换药的GRE阅读 ,抓住特点提高能力，我们来看看吧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。换汤不换药的GRE阅读 抓住特点提高能力GRE阅读对于很多备考的考生而言都是最硬的骨头，有的考生复习一两个月都没明显效果，甚至还没有不练习的时间正确率高，这是因为考生没抓住GRE阅读的特点，没有掌握提高GRE阅读行之有效的方法。所以今天*为考生分享改革之后的换汤不换药的GRE阅读。GRE考试对词汇量的具体要求是多少?4点分析给你答案1. GRE阅读改革之后GRE阅读虽然经历过一次改革，笔考和机考中的阅读*数量，题目数量都变有所不同，但是阅读*的特点、句子和段落之间的逻辑关系以
2、及所考察的基本知识点和题目类型几乎没有太大的变化。2. 句子和段落之间的逻辑关系没有变化有很强的逻辑性：A. 表现在*的布局和题目的设立;B. 需要重点读透彻段落之间、观点之间、不同人物之间、不同事件之间的内在联系;C. 实践表明ETS对阅读*逻辑关系的考查要远远多于对*内容的考查，所以把握*的逻辑结构是阅读的重中之重。3. 阅读*的特点没有变化叙述语气的客观性：在GRE阅读*中通常没有绝对正确的观点、理论也没有绝对错误的观点、理论，只有绝对的客观。考点内容固定、范围集中：这一特点使得我们可以对其考点进行总结，然后在读*时就对考点给以关注并且做上相应的符号。A. 事物、观点、理论、方法的缺陷;
3、B. 事物、人物之间的异同点;C. 比较级等等。4.*结构与出题方式的没有变化这一点使得我们可以对其题型进行总结和分析，并对所有的题型给出最佳的解决方法和相应的解题技巧。5.作者态度有规律性没有变化A. 对旧观点、传统观点、大多数人的观点永远持负态度，对有创新意义的新观点、新想法永远持正态度，即喜新厌旧。所以，看到用old, many years ago, frequently, traditionally等词汇所限定的观点、事物，读者立刻可断定作者是对此持负态度;而看到用new, recently, novel等词汇所限定的观点、事物，读者立刻可以判定作者是对此持正态度的。B. 对于用政治倾
4、向来评价文学作品的观点，作者一贯反对。C. 作者总是倾向于弱势群体，向来都是维护黑人、印第安人、妇女的权益，向来肯定女权主义者，并且总是认为妇女解放运动还不够彻底，力度还不够，女权主义者应该还能做得更好。D. 对某些特定理论，作者常常持有特定的态度：a. 对达尔文的进化论，一贯反对，所以只要出现生物进化论、环境适应性选择、趋同性等类似观点，作者一贯批评、挖苦、打击;b. 对马克思主义也是一贯持有负态度;c. 对弗洛伊德的理论也是持负态度的;d. 在生命自然科学类*：表现为关注科学：对环境问题 (温室效应，厄尔尼诺，汽车尾气) 非常关注并盼望解决;e. 对新观点新材料以正评价为主，有时会提到缺陷
5、，但不影响主态度。以上5个大方面的总结就是*将新旧GRE对比得出的结论，我们发现其实新旧gre对考生的要求在实质中是没有变化的，我们不要被表面现象迷惑了。望考生能够认真阅读，不断提高自己的阅读能力。GRE阅读热门课外材料 你还在根据树木的年轮判断其年龄吗?小心被骗了Not always the ring of truth.The use of wood to assess past environments needs care.TREE rings are Mother Natures history books.Researchers often look at chemicals sto
6、red in them when trying to reconstruct past environments.Like all history books, though, they can be unreliable.And in the case of one particular chemical of interest, mercury, Jose Antonio Rodriguez Martin of the National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, in Madrid, and h
7、is colleagues have just shown how unreliable they are.年轮不一定反映事实通过树木判断过去的环境时要小心了年轮是大自然的史书。在试图重现过去的环境时，研究人员经常会从年轮中所含的化学物质入手。然而就和所有的史书一样，年轮也并不怎么靠谱。通过其关注的一个特别的化学物质-汞，西班牙国家农业与食物研究及技术学会的何塞安东尼奥罗德里格斯马丁及其同事便刚刚证明了年轮多么不靠谱。Dr Rodriguez Martin was studying pines on La Palma, in the Canary Islands.He knew that Ho
8、yo Negro, one of the islands volcanoes, had erupted violently in 1949, and believed that the clouds of ash and explosive ejections of rock from the eruption had destroyed all of the pines nearby.However, as he describes in Naturwissenschaften, when he and his team examined the area, they were stunne
9、d to discover a revenant from this cataclysm just 50 metres from the crater.罗德里格斯马丁博士一直在研究拉帕尔马岛上的松树。他知道该岛上的霍约内格罗火山曾于1949年发生过剧烈喷发，并认为喷发产生的火山灰及迸散的岩石摧毁了附近所有的松树。然而，正如他在自然科学杂志上所说，当他和自己的团队对该区域进行调查时，在离火山口仅50米的地方发现了一棵劫后余生的松树，让他们震惊不已。Like a battle-scarred soldier, this now-great pine had many half-healed wou
10、nds in its trunk.It had survived those. It did not, however, survive Dr Rodriguez Martins axe.He reluctantly felled it and, for comparison, collected a tree of similar age that was growing 400 metres from the eruption site, and another that was 16km away.One unpleasant element often ejected in volca
11、nic eruptions is mercury.That was certainly the case in 1949, as soil-sampling showed.就像一名身经百战的士兵，这棵现已长成参天大树的松树的树干上疤痕累累。这些伤口没让它倒下，但却没有逃过罗德里格斯马丁博士的斧头。罗德里格斯马丁博士忍痛将它放倒，并分别从离喷发点400米及16千米处砍倒两棵与其树龄相同的松树进行比较。火山喷发时经常会喷射出一种不怎么好的元素-汞。正如土壤采样所示，1949年的火山喷发确实释放出了汞元素。The question was, how much of it had got into t
12、he treesMercury falling.When he analysed the survivors scar tissue Dr Rodriguez Martin found high levels of the metal in it:more than 22 micrograms per kilogram of wood.That was not surprising, given that this tissue would have formed soon after the eruption.What was surprising was that the wood of
13、the survivor trees rings had only 2.3 micrograms of mercury per kilogram in it.但问题是，有多少进入了树体中?脱落的汞当罗德里格斯马丁博士分析了这棵幸存的树上的疤痕组织后，他发现其中的汞元素含量很高：每公斤木材中超过22毫克。这并不出人意料，因为该组织是在火山喷发不久后形成的。出人意料的是这棵幸存的树中年轮的木质中每公斤仅含2.3毫克汞。More surprising still, the rings of the other two trees were mercury-free, despite there be
14、ing mercury in nearby soil.Tree rings are made of tissue called xylem.This is a set of channels that carry water and minerals from the soil to the leaves, so its composition might be expected to reflect what is in the soil.A second set of channels, the phloem, found just under a trees bark, carries
15、the products of photosynthesis to the roots.更让人大跌眼镜的是，其他两棵书的年轮中汞含量为零，尽管其附近的土壤中含有汞。构成年轮的组织被称为木质部。这是从土壤中将水合矿物质输送至叶片的一组通道，所以其组分应该能够反映出土壤中的组分。第二组通道叫韧皮部，就长在树皮之下，它将光合作用的产物输送到树的根部。This tissue, however, is not preserved from year to year.When Dr Rodriguez Martin sampled the phloem of the trees he had choppe
16、d down, he found it much richer in mercury than their xylem.Phloem from the tree at the eruption site had 9.5 micrograms of the metal per kilogramThe two more distant trees had 2.9 and 2.0 respectively.The explanation for the discrepancy lay in the trees bark.然而该组织每年都会更新。罗德里格斯马丁博士对被他砍倒的树的韧皮部采样后，他发现韧
17、皮部的汞含量比木质部的要高。位于喷发点的树上的韧皮部中每千克含有9.5毫克汞。另外两棵较远的树的韧皮部每千克汞含量分别为2.9及2.0。产生这种差异的原因就藏在树皮之中。This had similar mercury levels to the phloem.What Dr Rodriguez Martin reckons is going on is that trees are using their bark, which they shed continually, as a waste-disposal system.Mercury is carried there by the
18、phloem and selectively deposited in it, rather than in the plants more permanent parts.The metal is then got rid of when the bark is sloughed off.树皮的汞含量与韧皮部相近。罗德里格斯马丁博士认为是这么回事：树木将其不断脱落树皮当做一种废物处理系统。汞通过韧皮部被转运到树皮中，有选择性地在其中沉积，而非在自己不易更新的部位沉积。然后当树皮脱落时，其中的汞也随之被除去。That makes it invisible to researchers who
19、come along later. What happens to mercury, moreover, might well happen to other toxic materials.That could throw the calculations of palaeoecologists severely out of kilter.All of which is a caution to those who read the Book of Tree Rings for clues to what happened in the past.Trees, it seems, are
20、as good as rewriting history as people are.这使随后而来的研究人员无法发现汞的存在。而且，在汞身上出现的情况很可能也会出现在其他有毒物质上。这会让古生态学家的推测严重失准。对于那些在年轮史书中寻找线索来了解过去发生了什么的人来说，所有这些都是一个警示。树木，似乎和人一样精于改写历史。GRE考试高分抢先练习题及答案The surface of Venus calcite, a mineral that absorbs the gas sulfur dioxide. Sulfurdioxide is often produced by volcanic a
21、ctivity and is plentiful in Venusatmosphere, sothere must be a source, perhaps volcanic, producing sulfurdioxide on Venus.1. Whichof the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?A. In the recent past, the level of sulfur dioxide in Venus atmosphere was notmuchhigher than it is now.B.
22、 If there is volcanic activity on the surface of Venus, it is not adequate tomaintain theobserved amount of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere.C. The sulfur dioxide in Venus atmosphere forms clouds that prevent direct observation of the surface.D.Sulfur dioxide produced by volcanic activity on the Ear
23、ths surface is also absorbed by minerals other than calcite.E.The calcite on the surface of Venus is in sufficient supply to continue to absorb sulfurfor millions of years to come.该题是一道假设题。*说，金星大气中有很多二氧化硫(sulfur dioxide ), 二氧化硫经常由火山活动产生，由C(calcite )吸收。*由此得出结论：金星表面应该有*，很可能是火山，正在产生二氧化硫。*推理依据什么假设呢?解析从*
24、内容可知，决定现在金星大气中是否有二氧化硫有两个关键因素：1输入(例如火山喷发)，2 输出(被C吸收掉)。*关键推理是：从现在大气中有二氧化硫，直接推出现在有输入(关键因素1起作用)。问题很可能出在哪里?对啦，忽略了输出的问题(关键因素2)。A选项说，最近的过去，金星大气中二氧化硫的水平不比现在高很多。这就是针对了输出的问题(关键因素2)。如果是(过去比现在水平高很多)，就是输出(被C吸收掉)在起作用。也就是说，未必现在是有输入的(关键因素1)。作者的结论就被严重削弱了。所以，A是正确选项。看懂了么?再琢磨一下。E选项说，金星表面的C有充足的供给，未来几百万年能继续吸收硫。该选项无关。*讨论的
25、是二氧化硫的问题，不是“硫”。退一步说，等同“硫”和二氧化硫。说C丰富，是直接削弱*推理思路，不是*推理所需要的假设：把可能削弱*推理的可能性否定掉。GRE考试高分抢先练习题The damage that trucks do to highwaysescalates dramatically with the weight borne per axle. New regulations increasethe maximum permitted vehicle weight; these regulations will therefore allowonto the highway truc
26、ks capable of doing even more damage than those currentlypermitted.1. The argument is open up to criticismon the grounds that itA. fails to establish that the level ofdamage done by trucks is a serious problemB. omits evidence about one of the tworelevant factorsC. ignores the possibility that caref
27、uldriving can lessen damage to highwaysD. presumes that trucks are the onlyvehicles capable of causing substantial damage to highwaysE. presumes that something is bound tohappen just because it is allowed to happen大家注意：该题让找*推理最关键的漏洞。*结构很简单，说，货车对高速公路的破坏随轴(axle)载重量的增加而增加。新规则提高了允许的货车最大载重量，所以新规则将允许能对高速公
28、路造成更大伤害的货车上路。选哪个呢?解析答案：B解析：相信很多同学选的是E选项。很遗憾，选错啦!为什么E选项不对，B选项是正确答案呢?注意，E选项说，因为某事允许(allow)发生所以注定(bound to)发生，而*结论就到允许(allow)发生的层面，根本没有对于是否“注定(bound to)发生”的判断。千万注意，“货车一定会对高速公路造成更大破坏”只是我们的臆想，不是*的结论呀!B选项正确，*推理确实犯了B选项所描述的错误：忽略了两个关键因素中的一个。注意，*说，货车是否能对高速公路造成破坏的关键因素是轴(axle)载重量，轴(axle)载重量决定于两个关键因素：1 总载重量，2 轴的数量。新规定只是关于总载重量，遗漏了“轴的数量”问题。
