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1、,时态,一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时 1.一般现在时 表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。含有be动词的句子 He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?,肯定回答及否定回答Yes,he is.No,he is not.Yes,she is.No,she is not.Ye
2、s,they are.No,they are not变否定句在be动词后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子 第三人称单数及单数名词 He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.,变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型 Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?变否定句在主语及动词之间加do
3、esnt,动词变为原型He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,he does.No,he doesnt.Yes,she does.No,she doesntYes,it does.No,it doesnt.,注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词 I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变
4、疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?肯定回答及否定回答Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers.,2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语be动词动词的现在分词其它成分We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is
5、running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.,变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否定句在be动词后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swi
6、mming across the river.,特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词动词主语现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?(必背)没有进行时的动词 表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1.表示感觉，感官的词see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时,3.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last night,the day before ye
7、sterday,3 days ago,含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am,is的过去式为was，are的过去式为were I was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将be动词移动到句首 Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?,变否定句在be动词后面加not I was
8、not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答 Yes,I was.No,I was not.Yes,you were.No,you were not.Yes,he/she was.No,he/she was not.特殊疑问句：What did you do?(必背)不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restau
9、rant.The Sawyers lived at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.,e.g.walked,jumped e.g.washed,watched e.g.waited,hated,变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Streeta year ago?King Streeta year ago?变否定句在主语和动词之间加did no
10、tI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I did.No,I didnt.Yes,he did.No,he didnt.Yes,they did.No,they did not.,4.现在完成时 构成：主语+助动词have,has+过去分词用法：1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just,usually,a
11、lready,since等时间副词连用 I have just had lunch.(饱了，不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday.（不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book.（已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）2)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.,句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首
12、，变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g.Have you lost your pen?I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I have.No,I have not.特殊疑问句：What have you done?What has he done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.对：I left Beijing 3 days ago.I have been away from b
13、eing for 3 days.,5.一般将来时 表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和tomorrow,next year,the day after tomorrow,the year after the next,in five hours time,etc.表示将来的词联用结构：主语+助动词will+动词原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句
14、首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?,变否定句在助动词后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning 肯定
15、回答及否定回答Yes,I will.No,I will not.Yes,he/she will.No,he/she will not.Yes,he will.No,he will not.特殊疑问句：What will you do?,6.过去完成时：用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构：had+过去分词After she had finished her homework,she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I
16、arrived at the station.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework?变否定句在助动词后面加notShe hadnt finished her homework.,肯定回答及否定回答Yes,she had.No,she hadnt.特殊疑问句：What had she done?7.过去进行时 表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。结构：was/were+doingWhen my husband was
17、going into the dining room this morning,he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner,my father was watching TV.8 过去将来时 结构：would doShe said she would go here the next morning.,句型,1.Be going to 结构 表示打算，准备，计划做某事结构：主语+be动词+going to+动词原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to pa
18、int it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?,变否定句在be动词后面加not I am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to g
19、ive the bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I am.No,I am not.Yes,they are.No,they are not.Yes,he is.No,he is not.特殊疑问句What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?,2.There be 句型 表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)There is单数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）There is a book in this room.There is a
20、pen on the tableThere are复数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?,变否定句在动词后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,there is.No,there is not
21、.Yes,there are.No,there are not.,3 问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句 一般疑问句:助动词/be动词+主语Are you a teacher?Do you want to have a cup of tea?特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What is your name?选择疑问句:orDo you want beef or lamb?反意疑问句:肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分You dont need that pen,do you?否定疑问句:一般疑问句+否定词Arent you luc
22、ky?Dont you want have a rest?,4、感叹句1.What+a/an+adj+n What+adj+n What+n(What a mess!/What a pity!)2.How+adj+主+谓 如：The dog is cute.What a cute dog!How cute the dog is!,5.祈使句：祈使句（第二人称）祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调肯定句 动词原型例，Come here,please.Go downstairs,please.Stand up.Sit down.B
23、e quiet.Be careful.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾Come in,Amy.Sit down here,Tom.Mary,give me a book please.,否定：Dont+动词原型Dont come here.Dont sit down.Dont stand up.Dont give me it.let sb.do Let me pass.Let us have a rest.Lets have a rest.(反意疑问)：Lets have a walk along the river,shall we?Let us go out for
24、a drink,will you?,6 倒装句：so/neither的倒装eg.He can swim.So can I.I didnt go to class.Neither did I.结构：so/neither+be+主语so/neither+助动词+主语so/neither+情态动词+主语一般现在时,do,does/am,is,are现在进行时,am,is,are一般过去时,did现在完成时,have,has一般将来时,will,shall,过去进行时，was,were过去完成时，had过去将来时,would,词类,形容词和副词的比较级 和 最高级,一.限定词：some,any,man
25、y,much some,any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some“许多”many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用a lot of,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.I have a lot of money.I dont have much money.,二 名词：种类，复数，名词所有格 1名词分为可数名词和不可数名词 不可数名词 无法分开的东西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice（米）抽象的东西：love,beauty,coldnes
26、s（寒冷）不可数名词有以下特点：不能用a,an修饰不能加s和单数be动词或动词搭配可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化：,三副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.变化：1 直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,2 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变I,加-ly,happy-happ
27、ily,lucky-luckily3 有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化fast,hard,late4 有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远：neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately,四 情态动词的使用：can,must,may,might,need,1情态动词can（能够）,must（必须）,may（可以）结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can he make the tea?Can
28、 Sally air the room?Can we speak English?,变否定句在情态动词后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,he can.No,he cannot.Yes,she can.No,she cannot.Yes,we can.No,we cannot.特殊疑问句：What can you do?(必背)注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。,2Must/have to的区别 must 表
29、示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，have to是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何时态3must,may,might表示猜测：must do 表示对现在事实的猜测must have done表示对过去事实的猜测must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测may/might do,may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。cant/couldnt 表示不可能,4need 用法：表示“需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式：I need
30、a pen.Do you need any beer?No,I dont.I need to have a rest.Need在否定时做情态动词使用You neednt go so early.=You dont need to go so early.Must I clean the desk right now?No,you neednt.,从句,一.直接引语/间接引语 如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词时态变化：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时be going towa
31、s/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-might时间地点及指示词的变化：herethere,tomorrowthe next day,the following day,thisthat人称变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新,二、宾语从句在句中作宾语，一般用that引导，但在口语中经常省略掉that。可用在say，think，believe，hope，know，understand，suppose等动词之后；也可用在某些描写感情的形容词之后，如afraid，sure，sorry，glad等之后。,时态 1.如果主句是一般现在时，从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定,I
32、 know he lives here.I know he lived here ten years ago.I have heard that he will come tomorrow.,2.如果主句一般过去时，从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,I knew who lived here.I saw she was talking with her mother.He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow.He said that he had seen it.,3.当从句是
33、客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.,连词（引导词）,1.陈述句 that,2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lily wanted to know if/whether her grandma liked the handbag.Lets see if/whether he can eat all these burgers.,如果从句中含有or或or not时，
34、只能 用whether而不用if,Could you tell me whether thats a fast train or not?Do you know whether he is right or not?I dont care whether hell stay here or not.,3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词 或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具 有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Do you know what he said just n
35、ow?I dont remember when we arrived.I asked him where I could get so much money.Please tell me who(whom)we have to see.,三、定语从句修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。结构：先行词+关系词+句子关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who,that(作主语或宾语)whom(作宾语),who/whom/that 作宾语：(可省略),The man is a famous writer.He described the m
36、an just now.,The man(who/whom/that)he described just now is a famous writer.(作宾语）,The boy who(m)I m looking for is my friend.The thief has been sent to prison.The police caught the thief last night.,The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.,关系代词that,which引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示物的
37、名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which.(作主语或宾语),which/that 作宾语：（可省略）,This is the card.Ive just received the card.,This is the card which/that Ive just received.,Practise:This is the mistake which/that I always make.I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.I lost the pen which my father bought me.,(),（作宾语）,特殊情
38、况,关系词只能用that的情况,序数词修饰先行词,最高级修饰先行词That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.,不定代词做先行词,当先行词是 all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,no one 或被它们修饰时。Thats all that I know.Is there anything that I can do for you?He answered few questions that the teach
39、er asked.,先行词被强调当先行词有the very,the only,the same等修饰时。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he used.,He is looking at the children and the bags that his daughter brought here.,先行词既是人又是物,Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost?,当主句是who或wh
40、ich 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,关系词只能用which的情况,1有逗号，用which2.介词后用which/whom,It will be sunny tomorrow.,We will have a trip tomorrow.,We will have a trip if it is sunny tomorrow.,If在此引导一个条件状语从句。当主句是一般将来时，if引导的从句必须用现在时来表示将来可能发生的动作或存在的状态。,If从句一般现在时，主句用may/might/can,If you feel better,you can get up.If he sells that car,he can buy a new one.If it stops raining,we can/may/might go out.,
