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1、第九章链路状态和混合型路由协议,2002,Cisco Systems,Inc.All rights reserved.,2,Link-State Routingand OSPF,LS路由协议的特点,1、发送的是自己端口所连的链路状态（而非路由表）2、组播式发送3、触发式增量更新，无更新周期4、路由的获取是靠自己计算的（SPF）5、对内存和CPU有更多需求6、要求对网络实施精心规划（多区域）,LS路由协议的特点,和DV路由协议相比，LS路由器能够识别关于网络的更多信息，因此在作出最佳路由选择时更加精确。LS路由器能够识别以下信息：所有的邻居同处一个区域中的所有路由器及链路状态到达目标网络的最佳路
2、径,邻居表:list of recognized neighbors拓扑表:routers and links in the area or network All routers within an area have an identical LSDB路由表:list of best paths to destinations,LS路由协议,LS路由协议,OSPF 区域,划分区域的好处：（1）减少了路由表的条目；（2）LSA的洪泛终止于区域边界；（3）网络拓扑的变化不会波及到其它区域。,主干区域路由器,区域边界路由器,非主干区域内部路由器,SPF 算法,Places each router
3、 at the root of a tree and calculates the shortest path to each destination based on the cumulative costCost=108/bandwidth(bps),SPF 算法,Assigns networks to a specific OSPF area,Defines OSPF as the IP routing protocol,配置单区域 OSPF,Router(config)#router ospf process-id,Router(config-router)#network addre
4、ss wildmask area area-id,OSPF 配置实例,Router ID:Number by which the router is known to OSPFDefault:The highest IP address on an active interface at the moment of OSPF process startupCan be overridden by a loopback interface:Highest IP address of any active loopback interfacerouter(config)#interface loo
5、pback number,配置环回接口,Router#show ip ospf interface,验证 OSPF 配置,Displays area-ID and adjacency information,Router#show ip protocols,Verifies that OSPF is configured,Router#show ip route,Displays all the routes learned by the router,Router#show ip ospf neighbor,Displays OSPF-neighbor information on a pe
6、r-interface basis,OSPF 调试,Router#debug ip ospf eventsOSPF:hello with invalid timers on interface Ethernet0hello interval received 10 configured 10net mask received 255.255.255.0 configured 255.255.255.0dead interval received 40 configured 30Router#debug ip ospf packet OSPF:rcv.v:2 t:1 l:48 rid:200.0
7、.0.117 aid:0.0.0.0 chk:6AB2 aut:0 auk:Router#debug ip ospf packet OSPF:rcv.v:2 t:1 l:48 rid:200.0.0.116 aid:0.0.0.0 chk:0 aut:2 keyid:1 seq:0 x0,2002,Cisco Systems,Inc.All rights reserved.,15,Balanced Hybrid RoutingEIGRP,A DV Routing ProtocolMore scalable than RIPSophisticated metricMultiple-path su
8、pport,IGRP 概述,BandwidthDelayReliabilityLoadingMTU,IGRP 组合度量值,Maximum 6 paths(default=4)Within metric varianceNext-hop router closer to destination,IGRP 非等价负载均衡,EIGRP supports:Rapid convergenceReduced bandwidth usageMultiple network-layer protocols,EIGRP 概述,EIGRP 术语,比较 EIGRP 和 IGRP,相似的度量值相同的负载均衡策略大大改
9、进收敛速度减少了网络开销,Shares attributes of both distance vector and link-state routing,平衡混合路由协议,Router(config-router)#network network-number,Selects participating attached networks,Router(config)#router eigrp autonomous-system,Defines EIGRP as the IP routing protocol,配置EIGRP,EIGRP 配置实例,验证EIGRP的配置,Router#show
10、 ip protocols,Router#show ip route eigrp,Router#show ip eigrp traffic,Router#show ip eigrp neighbors,Router#show ip eigrp topology,Displays the neighbors discovered by IP EIGRP,Displays the IP EIGRP topology table,Displays the number of IP EIGRP packets sent and received,Displays current EIGRP entri
11、es in the routing table,Displays the parameters and current state of the active routing protocol process,调试 EIGRP,Router#debug ip eigrpIP-EIGRP:Processing incoming UPDATE packetIP-EIGRP:Ext 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 M 386560-256000 130560 SM 360960-256000 104960IP-EIGRP:Ext 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0
12、 M 386560-256000 130560 SM 360960-256000 104960IP-EIGRP:Ext 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 M 386560-256000 130560 SM 360960-256000 104960IP-EIGRP:172.69.43.0 255.255.255.0,-do advertise out Ethernet0/1IP-EIGRP:Ext 172.69.43.0 255.255.255.0 metric 371200-256000 115200IP-EIGRP:192.135.246.0 255.255.255.0,-
13、do advertise out Ethernet0/1IP-EIGRP:Ext 192.135.246.0 255.255.255.0 metric 46310656-45714176 596480IP-EIGRP:172.69.40.0 255.255.255.0,-do advertise out Ethernet0/1IP-EIGRP:Ext 172.69.40.0 255.255.255.0 metric 2272256-1657856 614400IP-EIGRP:192.135.245.0 255.255.255.0,-do advertise out Ethernet0/1IP-EIGRP:Ext 192.135.245.0 255.255.255.0 metric 40622080-40000000 622080IP-EIGRP:192.135.244.0 255.255.255.0,-do advertise out Ethernet0/1,
