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1、Present perfect tensesince and for,8BUnit 2 Grammar 2,I have been to _.We have been in _ for five days.,The Great Wall,We use have(has)been to express the idea that someone went to some place and has already come back.,某人去过某地，现在已经回来了。,We use have(has)gone to express the idea that someone went to som
2、e place and is still there.,某人去了某人，现在仍然在那儿，还没回来。,Daniel:(1)_ you ever _(be)to Hongkong,Millie?Millie:No,but I(2)_(be)to Australia with my parents.Daniel:Oh,thats great!(3)_ you _(visit)the famous Opera House in Sydney?,Have,been,have been,Have,visited,Millie:Yes,we(4)_(be)to the Opera House.It was w
3、onderful!Look at the photos.Daniel:Wow!The Opera House is really wonderful,and you look great in the photos.Have you visited any other interesting places?,have been,Millie:We(5)_(be)to the beach.Look at this one.Isnt it beautiful?Daniel:Yes,the beach is very beautiful.I saw Andy there,too.Millie:Yes
4、.He(6)_(go)there with his family.,have been,went,Daniel:Really?I(7)_(not see)him for some time.He(8)_(not come)back yet.Millie:He and his family(9)_(go)to Shanghai to visit his grandparents.They will come back tomorrow morning.,havent seen,hasnt come,have gone,小试身手,选用have been to或have gone to的适当形式填空
5、。,1.My father Beijing.He will be back in two days.2.The Greens the USA twice.3.A:Where is your aunt now?I havent seen her for a long time.B:She Xiamen._ you ever _ Hong Kong Disneyland?5.A:Tom Nanjing?B:Yes.He hasnt come back yet.,has gone to,have been to,has gone to,Have,been to,Has,gone to,Step 一、
6、现在完成时复习 用法1：现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。现在完成时谓语动词的构成：助动词have/has(not)+V-ed（过去分词）,Look!The blackboard is so clean now.He has cleaned the blackboard.(他已经擦过黑板了。)这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。,用法 2：表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来 He has taught here since 1993.He has taught here for
7、 about 20 years.Mike has studied in this school since last year.Mike has lived in that village for nearly ten years.,Mike borrowed the books two days ago.,Mike has kept the books for two days.,We have learnt English_ 3 years._ 3 years ago._ we _(come)here,for,since,came,_,How long have you learnt En
8、glish?,for+一段时间 since+过去的时间点/句子 就画线提问用how long,since,Step 二、for 用法1、当我们谈论一段时间时用for,谈论过去时间点用 since 1).Mr Dong has lived here for many years.2).Mr Dong has lived here since he was born.2、一些动词如come,go,leave,但它们在肯定句中不能与for，since 连用。1).He has left Beijing for a week.2).He has not left Beijing yet.3).He h
9、as been away from Beijing for a week.,4.He has bought a car since 2007.5.He has not bought any car since 2007.6.He has had a car since 2007.3、for 和 since 的用法及区别1.since 的四种用法1).since+过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、eg.1990,last month,half past sixI have been here since 1990.1990起，我一直在这儿。2).since+一段时间+agoI have
10、 been here since five months ago.自从五个月前，我已经在这儿了。,3).since+从句Great changes have taken place since you left.自从你走后，已经发生了很大的变化。4).It is+一段时间+since 从句It is two years since I became an English teacher.我成为英语老师有两年了。4、for 和 since 区别1),Since+时间点，具体时间，“自从、以来，从、以后”,用来说明动作起始时间 I have been in Beijing since 2010.2
11、),For+时间段，用来说明动作延续时间长度，因此句中的谓语动词，也应该是延续性动词。,I have been in Beijing for one year。We have learnt English for about three years.I have been here for 3 days.(对)I have arrived here for 3 days.（误）5、延续性动词和终止性动词英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。1),延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,l
12、ie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等,2),终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,get to,leave,move,borrow,buy等。6、延续性动词的用法特征 1).延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“段时间”的状语连用。表示“段时间”的短语有：for two years,during the past three years,since la
13、st year,how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。,2),延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间”状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示点时间，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come,begin,get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：,-When did you get to
14、know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then youve known each other for more than two years.-Thats right.7.终止性动词的用法特征 1).终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived.火车到了。Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？2).终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：,(1)他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years.
15、正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed
16、since he came here.,Step 三 常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换。,buy have go out be out leave be away begin/start be oncome/go be in/at borrow keepjoin be a member of/be in die be deadcatch a cold have a cold become befall asleep be asleep open be open get to know know close-be closedarrive-be in/at get married-be ma
17、rriedfall illbe ill get upbe upcatch a coldhave a cold,例子：1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks.()2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.()句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词。,kept,been on,had,been,been in,been dead,Step 四、同义句转换1.They got married three years ago.They _ _ married for three years.2.We began to learn Engl
18、ish in 2008.We _ _ English since 2008.3.I borrowed that book last week.I _ _ that book since last week.4.Simon fell ill last month.Simon _ _ ill since last month.5.She joined the Reading Club last term.She _ _ _ the Reading Club since last term.,have been,have learned,have kept,has been,has been in,
19、6.He came to our village two years ago.He our village since two years ago.7.He left home three days ago.He home for 3 days.8.I bought the watch 2 weeks ago.I the watch since 2 weeks ago.9.It is 5 days since I borrowed the book.I the book for 5 days.10.The meeting began 10 minutes ago.The meeting _ _
20、 _ for 10 minutes.,has been in,has been away from,have had,have kept,has been on,11.I got to know him 10 years ago I him for 10 years.12.There is a factory.There a factory for 20 years.13.Our school opened in 1960.Our school since 1960.14.That old man died 3 years ago.That old man _ _ _ for 3 years.
21、15.Kitty arrived in Hongkong two days ago.kitty _ _ _ Hongkong for two days.16.The conference stopped last Saturday.The conference _ _ _ since last Saturday.,have known,has been,has been open,has been dead,has been in,has been over,1.这辆自行车我买了两年了。Ive _ the bike _ two years.,2.He left Nanjing two year
22、s ago.He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.,3.The monkey died last month.The monkey _ _ _ for a month.,4.A:Hong long _ you _()B:For two weeks.A.did,get ill B.have,fallen ill C.were,ill D.have,been ill,练一练：,had for,has been away from,has been dead,D,Step 五、一般过去时与现在完成时区别一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。,遇到yesterday,
23、last year,in+过去某一年，two days ago,the other day,just now等就用一般过去时,当有already ever for just yet never since recently so far before(in/during/over the past ten years 等常用现在完成时,1.-Have you _ the bike?-Yes,I _ it 10 minutes ago.(mend)2.-I have _ the film“Titanic”.-When _ you _ it?(see)3.Im sorry,I havent got
24、 any money.Ive_(leave)my handbag at home.4.I _ _(read)the book before.5.Its a long time since we _(meet)last year.6.Look!The train _ just _.(come),mended,mended,seen,did,see,left,have read,met,has,come,Exercise,现在完成时和一般过去时,7.He _(work)in our school for one year.8.He _(come)to our school last year/in
25、 2013.9.They _(cook)the supper already.10.They _(cook)the supper half an hour ago.,has worked,came,have cooked,cooked,Translation,1.这本书我已经借了两星期了,明天我会还给Amy.I _ _ the book _ two weeks.I will return it to Amy tomorrow.2.会议已经开始一个小时了.The meeting _ _ _ for one hour.3.我加入英语俱乐部半年了.I _ _ _ the English Club for half a year.,have kept for,has been on,have been in,4.他们结婚十年了.They _ _ _ _ ten years ago.5.我的表弟离开北京两周了.My cousin _ _ _ _ Beijing _ two weeks.,have been married since,has been away fromfor,Good bye!,
