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1、新概念第一册知识点总结（全）名词名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数变化。不可数名词没 有。可数名词单数变复数规则：1）单数名词加 s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.2）以 s、x、sh、ch 结尾的名词加 es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.3）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.4）以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.5）以
2、 o 结尾的名词，有些加 es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加 s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos.6）不规则名词: foot一ffeet, goose一geese, tooth一teeth, child一children, man一men, woman一women, sheep一sheep, deer一deer, mouse一m ice.代词第一人称第二人 称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词形容 词性myou
3、ryouryourhisheritstheir名词 性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirsI. 人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常 做动词或介词的宾语.Eg: a. Im a nurse.b. Could you help me ?II. 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词.形容词性的物主代词：相当于形容词，后面要跟名词，指定名词的所属对象.名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词，必须单独使用，后面不能再跟名词.Eg: a. Your school is small, mine is big.(=my school)b.
4、This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen)时态一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month.), once a week, on Sundays.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语
5、为第三 人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。My father is a doctor.Tom isnt at home.Are they policemen?I often get up at 7 oclock every morning.He doesnt like apples.Do you always read before going to bed?What do you usually do on Sundays?般现在时句中，如果主语是第三人称时，动词要变第三人称单数，变化规则如下：1) 一般情况下，动词后面直接加-s.例如：works gets says reads2
6、) 以s, x , ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在后面加-es。例如：goes teaches washes3) 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加-es.例如：studies tries carries特殊情况：动词have的第三人称单数是has。例如：He has an interesting book.二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、 行为。时间状语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month.), in 1989, just now
7、, at the age of 5, the other day, long long ago, once upon a time, .基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问, 同时还原行为动词。I was at my mothers last week.Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl whose name was Snow White.Lucy went to America five month
8、s ago.I didnt go to the cinema last night.Did Lily dance at the party?What did you do yesterday?动词的过去式变化：be动词： am/iswas are-were规则动词：1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如：wantwanted, workworked, needneeded, cleancleaned2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：likeliked, livelived, useused, movemoved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的 辅音字母，再加-
9、ed。如:stopstopped, triptripped4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried不规则动词：Have-had eat-ate drink-drank go-went come-came see-saw hear-heard put-put cut-cut 等等三、现在进行时：概念：表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语： now, at this time, these days, . 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式
10、：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。They are playing basketball on the playground.I am not reading anything.Is he waiting for the bus?What are you doing now?动词ing形式的变化规则：1 一般情况下，直接在动词后加一ingwork working sleepsleeping studystudying2动词以不发音的一e结尾，要去一e加一ingtaketaking makemaking dancedancing3重读闭音节的动词，要双写词
11、尾字母，再加一ingcutcutting putputting beginbeginning4以一ie结尾的动词，把变成y再加一inglielying tietying diedying、过去进行时: 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是 般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式： was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 放于句首。I was listening to the radio a
12、t 7 this morning.He was cleaning the car when I arrived.What was he doing at this time yesterday?五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已 经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：already, just,yet, since., for.,.基本结构： have/has + done否定形式： have/has + not +done.般疑问句：have或hasoHe has lost his wallet.I have already had my l
13、unch.David hasnt finished his homework yet.Have you seen this film?Mary has been a translator for 20 years.They have lived here since 1987.How long have you lived here?动词过去分词变化规则：规则动词：规则动词的过去分词变化规则与过去式变化规则相同，包括4 条。1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如：want一wanted, work一worked, need一needed,clean一cleaned2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-do如
14、：like一liked, live一lived, use一used,movemoved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的 辅音字母，再加-ed。如:stop一stopped, trip一tripped4.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i,再加-ed。如：studystudied,carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried不规则动词：需要特殊记忆。Be 动词-been have-had go-gone come-come eat-eaten drink-drunk等等六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前
15、发生的动作或行为，或在过去某 动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语： before, after.基本结构：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.般疑问句：had放于句首。The bus had already left before I arrived at the station.He went to the park after he had finished his work.七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year. .),s
16、oon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, .基本结构：am/is/are going to + do；will + do.否定形式： am/is/are not going to + do； will not + do一般疑问句：be放于句首；will提到句首。My family are going to Beijing next week.It is going to rain.He will be 11 years old next year.We will leave in two hours.情态动词我们学过的情态动词有 can, c
17、ould, may, must, had better, have to 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面跟动词原形。Can1,表示能力，“能够”I can swim very well.He cant sing or dance.2,表示请求，“可以.吗？”Can I help you?Can you give the glass to me, please?Could1, can的过去式，表示过去的能力，“能够.”He could climb the mountain 30 years ago, but now he cant.2, 表示请求，比can更加委婉客气，此时could非can的
18、过去式。Could you help me, please?Could you bring the book to me?Could I borrow your bike?May表示请求，比can稍加委婉客气。“可以.吗？”May I come in?May I use your pen?Must1,表示“必须.”I must go now.You must finish your work before you leave the company.2, mustnt 表示“禁止.”Kate, you mustnt play with the knife, because it is too
19、dangerous.You mustnt smoke in the classroom.Had better 最好”否定形式： had better notYou had better put on more clothes. It is cold outside.Wed better leave at once.You had better not eat eggs.Youd better not go out at this time.Have to “不得不”David has to take care of his litter sister because his parents a
20、re not at home.They have to stay at home because it is raining heavily outside.形容词的原级，比较级和最高级（一）规则变化：1 .绝大多数的单音节，词尾加-er , -esttall一taller一tallest2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r, -stnicenicernicest ,ableablerablest3 .以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词，改y为i再加-er, -esteasyeasiereasiest4. 只包含一个元音，并且以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写结尾 的辅音字母，再加-er, -
21、estbigbiggerbiggesthot-hotter-hottest5. 少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er, -estclevercleverercleverest,narrownarrowernarrowest6 .其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加 more, most 来构成比较级和最高 级Beautiful-more beautiful-most beautifulExpensive-more expensive-most expensive（二）不规则变化常见的有：good / wellbetterbest ; bad /badly/ illworseworst
22、;many / muchmoremost ; littlelessleast ;用法：1. 原级：as +形容词原级+as （否定为not so/as +形容词原级+as）.和.一样.”This room is as big as that one.I have as many books as you have.You are not as tall as I.2. 比较级+ than用于两者之间的比较“ 比更 ，This shirt is cheaper.He is older than I.Lucy is more beautiful than her sister.7.the +最高级
23、+比较范围He is the tallest of the boys.He is the tallest in his class.This is the largest dress in the shop.I want the most expensive shoes.Have用作实义动词时的用法。1. Have作为“有”的意思，表示某人“拥有”某物。例如：Do you have a soccer ball?你有足球吗！Does he have a ping-pong ball?他有 乒乓球吗！I have a new alarm clock. 我有一个新的闹钟。Mary has two p
24、en pals in Canada.玛丽在加拿大有两个笔友。2. Have有“吃、喝”的意思，有时相当于动词“eat”或者“drink”。例如:I often have milk and eggs for breakfast.我早饭经常喝牛奶吃鸡蛋。Do you usually have tea in the afternoon?你通常下午喝茶吗？ Tom usually has lunch at school every day.汤姆每天在学校吃午饭。3Have还可以用来描述病情，构成诸如have a cold /have a toothache/ have a fever/have a s
25、ore back/have a pain in/on 等固定搭配，例如： -“Whats the matter? ”你怎么了？-“I have a toothache. ” 我牙疼。4. Have与不定式符号“to”构成固定词组have to do something,用来表示 义务必须做某事，其意思与must相当。例如：-Jenny, can you come to my party on Sunday?珍妮，星期天能来参加我的聚会吗？-Id love to.我很乐意去。-How about you?你呢？-Im sorry, I have to help my parents .抱歉，我得
26、照顾我的父母。5. 我们还常见到如下的固定搭配 :have a walk /have a swim /have a rest /have a try/have a look at/ have a good time。比如：Lets lie down and have a rest .让我们躺下休息一下吧常见的介词的用法On1. 在.上(有接触点)There is a picture on the wall.over, on表示“在上”之间的区别(1) over指“在正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为undero如：The bridge is over the river.(2) on表示“在.
27、上面”，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。如：There is a map on the wall.The earth felt soft beneath our feet.2. 指时间(1) 在具体的某一天，如某日、某节日、星期几等。如：On May 4th, there will be a celebration.It will rain on Tuesday.(2) 在具体某一天的早晨、下午或晚上。如：He arrived at 10 oclock on the night of the 5 th.In1. 在.里面He is in the classroom.2. 表示地点，在。M
28、y uncle lives in Shanghai.Life is difficult in America.2. 表示时间。(1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内。如：in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, 等等(2)在一段时间之后。一般情况下，用于将来时，谓语动词为瞬间动词，意为“在以后”。如：He will arrive in two hours.At1. 指时间：时间的一点、时刻等。如：They came home at ten oclock .另外注意一些固
29、定搭配： at noon, at midnight, at night3. 指地点：在一些小地方。如：At home at the butchers at the dentisfs at the hairdressersin the front of是指某物(或某整体)内部的前部；in front of指某物(或某整体)外部的前面.例如：The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom.There is a tree in front of the house.Behind在.后面The photo is behind the door
30、.Under 在.下面Mary is sitting under the tree in the garden.Across穿过.横渡.Dont walk across the road when the traffic lights are red.Off从.离开Jump off the wall.Take off your coat.Into 进Many children are going into the school.Out of 出He run out of the house.英语中时间的表达方式1、表示整点：时间+oclockSeven oclock2、如果分钟在半小时以内（包
31、括半小时），表示“几点过几分”，句式为“分 钟 +past+小时”。如：eleven past seven3、如果分钟在半小时以上（不包括半小时），表示“几点差几分”，句式为 “（60分钟）+to+ （小时 +1）”，如：two to sevena quarter to eight4、 quarter意思是“四分之一”，用在时间中表示“一刻钟，15分钟”。three quarter表示“三刻钟”即“45分钟”。不过，半小时可不是two quarter!而是 “half”a quarter past eight 八点一刻half past nine 九点半5、日常生活中用口语表达时间时，可以直接
32、照书面数字读。如：7:15 读作 seven fifteen11:30 读作 eleven thirty3:53 读作 three fifty-three6、时间后面的am指上午；pm则指下午。9.p.m下午9点5.a.m上午5点7、表达“在几点几分”，用at+时间。如：My father begins to work at eight.我的爸爸八点开始工作。英语中日期的表达方式（一） 书写方面先看下面的两个例子:1. 1986 年 10 月 23 日一October 23rd, 19862. 2002 年 1 月 17 日一January 17th, 2002从上面的例子可以看出，英语日期的
33、表达与汉语不同。英语表达的顺 序为月、日、年也（二）朗读方面在朗读时，月份一般直接用英语读出；日则要读成the +序数词;读年份时，一般分为两个单位来读，前两个数为一个单位，后两个数 为 单位。如：1982 年读作 nineteen eighty-two, 1900 年读作 nineteen hundredo如果是三位数，先读第一位，再把后两个数合起来读。如：984 年可读为 nine eighty-four,757 年读成 seven fifty-seven o另外，像 2000 年一般读成 two thousand, 2001 年则读成 two thousand andone，以此类推，2
34、004 年应读成 two thousand and four。January 12th, 1993 卖成 January the twelfth, nineteen ninety-three。注意:英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。用英语表示日期，其顺序为“月+日+年”，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。 如：August 2nd, 2003（2003年8月2日）。也可以用“日+月+年”来表 示。如：10th May, 2003（2003 年 5 月 10 日）。英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若具 体到某一天，则需用介词on不规则动词
35、表原形过去式过去分词意义arisearosearisen出现bewas, werebeen是beatbeatbeaten击败becomebecamebecome成为beginbeganbegun开始bendbentbent弯曲betbetbet打赌bitebitbitten咬bleedbledbled流血blowblewblown打击breakbrokebroken打破bringbroughtbrought带来broadcastbroadcastbroadcast广播buildbuiltbuilt建设burnburnt, burnedburnt, burnedburstburstburstbu
36、yboughtboughtcancould-catchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomecostcostcostcutcutcutdealdealtdealtdigdugdugdodiddonedrawdrewdrawndreamt,dreamdreameddreamt, dreameddrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfeedfedfedfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfound燃烧 爆裂 购买 可以 捕捉 选择来 花费 切
37、 处理 挖 做画梦想喝 开车 吃 下降 饲养 感觉战斗 发现flyflewflown飞foreseeforesawforeseen预见forgetforgotforgotten忘记forgiveforgaveforgiven原谅freezefrozefrozen冻结getgotgot获得givegavegiven给gowentgone去growgrewgrown增长hanghung ,hangedhung, hanged挂have, hashadhad有hearheardheard听hidehidhidden隐藏hithithit击中holdheldheld举行hurthurthurt伤害ke
38、epkeptkept保持knowknewknown知道laylaidlaid躺在leadledled领导learnlearnt, learnedlearnt, learned学习leaveleftleft离开lendlentlent借出letletletlielaylainlightlit, lightedlit, lightedloselostlostmakemademademaymight-meanmeantmeantmeetmetmetmisreadmisreadmisreadmistakemistookmistakenmisunderstamisunderstoodmisunderst
39、oodndmustmust-paypaidpaidputputputreadreadreadridrid, riddedrid, riddedrideroderiddenringrangrungriseroserisenrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseen让 撒谎 昭亮/失去 使 可能 意思 见面 误解 错误误会必须 付 放 读 摆脱 骑 响 上升 跑 说 看seeksoughtsought寻求sellsoldsold出售sendsentsent发送setsetset放置shakeshookshaken摇动shallshould-将shineshone, shineds
40、hone, shined闪耀showshowedshowed, shown显示shutshutshut关闭singsangsung唱sinksank, sunksunk, sunken下沉sitsatsat坐sleepsleptslept睡觉smellsmelt, smelledsmelt, smelled闻sowsowedsown, sowed播种speakspokespoken发言spellspelt, spelledspelt, spelled拼写spellbindspellboundspellbound迷惑spendspentspent花spillspiltspilt洒spinspun
41、spun旋转spitspatspat吐spoilspoiltspoilt溺爱spreadspreadspreadstandstoodstoodstealstolestolenstickstuckstuckstrikestruckstruck, strickenswellswelledswollensweepsweptsweptswimswamswumswingswungswungtaketooktakenteachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtthrowthrewthrownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodupsetupsetupsetwaked，wokenwakewaked, wokewokewearworewornweavewovewovenwillwould-winwonwonwritewrotewritten曼延 站 窃取 粘贴 打击 膨胀 扫 游泳 摆动 带走 教 告诉 认为 扔 明白 打乱醒来穿 编织 将 赢 写
