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1、英文表达与编辑 作者姓名、地址、标点符号,任 胜 利自然科学进展编辑部(科学网博客),2,科技论文的英文信息编辑,作者名址、字母大小写标点符号,3,作者姓名的拼音表达方式,国家标准(GB/T 16159-1996):汉语拼音正词法基本规则汉语人名按姓和名分写,姓和名的开头字母大写,如:Wang Jianguo(王建国)Dongfang Shuo(东方朔)Zhuge Kongming(诸葛孔明),等；,4,作者姓名的拼音表达方式,中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范(CAJ-CD B/T-1998)姓前名后,姓氏的全部字母均大写,复姓应连写.名字的首字母大写,双名中间加连字符;名字不缩写.如
2、:ZHANG Ying(张颖)WANG Xi-lian(王锡联)ZHUGE Hua(诸葛华),5,韦氏(Wade-Giles)罗马拼音,韦氏拼音目前在港台地区仍常采用(中国大陆现在所采用的标准拼音系统于1950年开始实施)韦氏拼音：首字母大写，双名要用连字符黄佐林:Huang Tso-lin(Huang Zuolin)毛泽东:Mao Tse-tung(Mao Zedong)对1950年以前去世的、或姓名以旧式注音而著称的人采用标准拼音系统,需要用括弧附上韦氏罗马拼音,6,bp,zhch,ztz(ts)北京：BeijingPeking清华：QinghuaTsinghua李政道：Tsung-Dao
3、 Lee杨振宁：Chen Ning Yang,韦氏(Wade-Giles)罗马拼音,7,韦氏拼音：特殊的机构名称,北京大学：Peking University清华大学：Tsinghua University 河海大学：Hohai University 苏州大学：Soochow University 香港大学：University of Hong Kong 香港中文大学：Chinese University of Hong Kong 台湾大学：National Taiwan University,Taipei(China),8,作者地址的标署,尽可能地给出详细的通讯地址；如果论文出版时作者调到一
4、个新的地址,新地址应以“Present address”(现地址)的形式在脚注中给出；如果第一作者不是通讯作者,应按期刊的相关规定表达,多以星号(*)、脚注的形式标注通讯作者或联系人,9,作者姓名的拼音表达方式,国外期刊一般会尊重作者对自己姓名的表达方式(但大多倾向于大写字母只限于姓和名的首字母)；发表于“Nature”(2002,415:732)的一篇短文中3位作者姓名的表达分别为 Shengli Ren,Guangan Zu,Hong-fei Wang(任胜利,祖广安,王鸿飞)缩写:Ren S,Zu G,Wang H F应尽量采用相对固定的英文姓名的表达形式,以减少在文献检索和论文引用中被
5、他人误解的可能性,10,One Wei or another,Science 15 February 2008,319:881at least eight different Chinese names are transcribed as Wei Wang(王为),a particle physicist at the University of Wisconsin Wei Wang(王巍),a biophysicist at the University of California,.Lost in Transliteration,Science 9 May 2008,320:745For
6、 instance,the name“Lixin Wang”is a transliteration of at least 1600 possible Chinese names.Some journals treat“Lixin Wang”as“L Wang”,whereas others abbreviate it as“LX Wang”.Both ways make sense given that the first name Lixin includes two words(Li-Xin).However,some major databases(such as Web of Sc
7、ience)misinterpret“L Wang”and“LX Wang”as two unique names;changing affiliations only add to the confusion.I suggest that researchers each adopt a unique identification number,which can be published along with their names,11,中国SCI期刊的论文题名及作者名址表达,12,国际性期刊的论文题名及作者名址表达,13,通信作者的标署,PNAS,2007,104(3):943948,
8、To whom correspondence should be addressed.E-mail:,14,通信作者的标署,EPSL,2007,253:211225,*Corresponding author.Current address:E-mail:,15,Nature,通信作者贡献相同作者,16,科技论文的英文信息编辑,作者名址、字母大小写标点符号,17,标点符号,英文标点符号与中文标点符号在形式上的差别：句号为句点、省略号为连续排列的3个句点;英文中没有顿号“、”和书名号“”;英文中有撇号“”,中文则没有.标点符号的主要用途:(1)连接词或承接句子各部分:连字符、冒号、分号、破折号;
9、(2)封闭句子各部分:成对出现的逗号、破折号、引号、括号;(3)表示省略:省略号、句号(缩写点)、撇号(表省略);(4)用于表示句子的结束:句号、问号、感叹号,18,标点符号,逗号(,comma)分号(;semicolon)破折号(en dash或 em dash)连字符或连接号(-hyphen),19,1.分隔3个以上的并行的数字、单词、短语或从句,Water,sodium hydroxide,and ammonia were the solvents.The red needles were collected,washed with toluene,and dried in a vacu
10、um desiccator.The deposit consists of clay,sand,and gravel.(注意:在该类表达中,“and”前面是否加逗号,所表达的含义是不同的.)The complex consists of three conformable,well-layered units of gabbro,diorite and granodiorite and granophyre.这个“units”是由“(1)gabbro,(2)diorite,(3)granodiorite and granophyre”组成的？还是由“(1)gabbro,(2)diorite a
11、nd granodiorite,(3)granophyre”组成的？含义不清.,20,2.分隔以数字或字母标识的一系列单词或短语.Damage resulted from(1)vibration,(2)ground cracking,(3)subsidence,and(4)sea waves.3.分隔不同级次的地名.The specimens of species newly identified were deposited in the museum in Cairo,Egypt.4.分隔相邻,但无关联的数据.如:By the end of 1935,1000 experiments ha
12、d been completed.,21,5.分隔在句子中间引导一系列单词或短语的that is,namely,for example,i.e.,e.g.,等.The new derivatives obtained with the simpler procedure,that is,reaction with organocuprates,were evaluated for antitumor activity.Many antibiotics,for example,penicillins,eephalosporins,and vancomycin,interfere with bac
13、terial peptidoglycan construction.These oxides are more stable in organic solvents(e.g.,ketones,esters,and ethers)than previously believed.,22,6.分隔以for instance,together with,as well as,in addition to等引导的插入语或旁白.如:A title or a headline,for instance,functions as a signal and determines our approach to
14、 the ensuing text.Several individual flows,each thicker than 25 meters,have been traced for more than 160 kilometers.7.分隔表示对比关系的单词、短语或独立子句.如:It is orange,not red.The greater the risks,the greater will be the probable gain from the treatment.,23,8.分隔引导性单词、短语或从句.Where data are inaccurate or insufficie
15、nt,results deviate from what is expected.(如果表达为insufficient results deviate from,句子的意思就会令人费解)Although 40 different P450 enzymes have been identified,only six are responsible for the processing of carcinogens.On cooling,a crystalline phase may develop in coexistence with an amorphous phase.,24,9.分隔非限
16、制性从句或非限制性同位语,对于限制性从句或限制性同位语,则不用逗号分隔.Switch A,which was on a panel,controlled the recording device.(非限制性从句)The switch that stops the recording device also controls the light.(限制性从句)Raymond Turner,a mammalogist,described the 2 species.(非限制性同位语)The species Bombyx mori is distinguished from other specie
17、s by.(限制性同位语),25,10.分隔以“such as”或“including”引导的非限制性短语,如若引导的是限制性短语,则不用逗号分隔.Divalent metal ions,such as magnesium(II)and zinc(II),are located in the catalytic active sites of the enzymes.(如果删除“such as magnesium(II)and zinc(II)”,并不影响句子的表达)Hydrogen-bonded complexes,including proton-bound dimers,are well
18、-known species.(删除“including”不影响句子的表达)Potassium compounds such as KCl are strong electrolytes;other potassium compounds are weak electrolytes.(如果没有“such as KCl”,句子的意思就不清楚)Previously,we described a mathematical model including a description of chlorophyll degradation in foods.(including 不可省),26,11.多个
19、并列形容词分别修饰同一个名词,并且调换形容词的顺序并不影响句子的意思时,形容词之间需使用逗号分隔;否则不能用逗号.Sample preparation is a repetitious,labor-intensive task.A powerful,versatile tool for particle sizing is quasi-elastic light scattering.但:Polyethylene is an important industrial polymer.The rapid intramolecular reaction course leads to ring f
20、ormation.,27,12.分隔复合句中包含有连词引导的独立从句.The reaction proceeds smoothly,and by use of appropriate reagents,the yields will be enhanced.但:如果句子中只有两个并列的复合谓语或简短子句时,不用逗号分隔.如:The product distribution results were obtained in sodium hydroxide and are listed in Table 10.The survey was completed and we went home.,
21、28,13.在并列连词(and,or,nor,but,yet,for,so)前使用逗号分隔各分句.Toluene and hexane were purified by standard procedures,and benzene was redistilled from calcium hydride.The role of organic templates in zeolite synthesis has been studied extensively,but no general principles have been delineated.Supported metals ar
22、e among the most important industrial catalysts,yet only a few have been studied thoroughly.Field relations indicate divergent geomorphic histories for the two formations,yet over broad areas they are nearly coextensive.,29,标点符号,逗号(,comma)分号(;semicolon)破折号(en dash或 em dash)连字符或连接号(-hyphen),30,1.分隔一系
23、列的、其中含有逗号的单词、短语或数据.The compounds studied were methyl ethyl ketone;sodium benzoate;and acetic,benzoic,and cinnamic acids.The color order was red,yellow,blue;blue,yellow,red;or yellow,red,blue.(Davis and equigranular or slightly porphyritic.,31,2.分隔由连接副词或转折性短语(that is,however,therefore,hence,indeed,ac
24、cordingly,besides,thus,moreover,nevertheless,furthermore,consequently等)引导的独立子句.Many kinetic models have been investigated;however,the first-order reactions were studied most extensively.The proposed intermediate is not easily accessible;therefore,the final product is observed initially.The efficienc
25、y of the cross-coupling depends on the nature of X in RX;thus,the reaction is performed at room temperature by slow addition of the ester.但:The activity on bromopyruvate was decreased,whereas the activity on pyruvate was enhanced.,32,3.分隔没有连词连接的独立子句.Only tungsten and tin are sufficiently concentrate
26、d to be potential resources;other elements shown in figures 4-6 are possible“pathfinder”elements for exploring other prospects.The participants in the first study were paid;those in the second were unpaid.All solvents were distilled from an appropriate drying agent;tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether
27、were also pretreated with activity I alumina.,33,标点符号,逗号(,comma)分号(;semicolon)破折号(en dash）破折号（em dash)连字符或连接号(-hyphen),34,1.与and,to,或versus同义,用于由二个同等重要的词组成的术语.bromineolefin complex;costbenefit analysis;nickelcadmium battery;produceruser communication;temperaturetime curve;vaporliquid equilibrium;但:(
28、1)用连字符连接不同颜色的组合(如blue-green).(2)用fromto和betweenand时,不能用en破折号替代“to”和“and”.,35,2.与to或through同义,用于表示3个或多个数字、时间、字母等组成的区间.1220 months;Figures l4;550 kg;parts CE;Lyon and co-workers(2326)但:如果数字有负号等符号修饰时,需要用to或through,不可用en dash.如:145 to 30 C;50 to 60;10 to 600 mL;5 to 15 mg4 to 6C(错误:4 6C)又:使用from或between
29、时,不可用en dash.如:from 500 to 600 mL;between 7 and 10 days;with temperatures of 5 to 25C(错误:with temperatures of 525C);with a confidence interval of 0.03 to 0.57(错误:with a confidence interval of 0.030.57,36,3.用于两个同等重要的人名所组成的修饰语.ZieglerNatta-type catalyst;JalmTeller theory;FranckCondon factor;FisherJohn
30、s hypothesis;FloryHuggins interaction;BeerLambert law;LineweaverBurk method;DielsAlder reaction;BoseEinstein statistics;等等.4.用于表示不同组分的溶液或化学键.hexanebenzene solvent;C6H5COOCH3;等等,37,标点符号,逗号(,comma)分号(;semicolon)破折号(en dash）破折号（em dash)连字符或连接号(-hyphen),38,1.表示突然停顿或叙述的转折(破折号在句子中所表示的停顿比逗号明显).These 2 part
31、icipants1 from the first group,1 from the secondwere tested separately.Then,when downcutting resumed,the soft fill was removed preferentially and buried promontories such as Kings Point were exhumedan ancient Tertiary landscape faithfully,if incompletely,restored.,39,2.代替逗号或圆括号,使句子的意思更清晰.差:All three
32、 experimental parameters,temperature,time,and concentration,were strictly followed.好:All three experimental parameters temperature,time,and concentration were strictly followed.差:There are shore deposits,gravel,sand,and clay,but marine sediments underlie them.好:There are shore depositsgravel,sand,an
33、d claybut marine sediments underlie them.,40,3.用一对破折号来代替一对逗号,强调非限制性的短语或从句,以引起读者的注意.Another attribute of the Mowry Shalea diagnostic one,and an unmistakable clue to the identity of the formationis the presence of countless well-preserved fish scales found with little effort on nearly every outcrop.(M
34、owry页岩的另外一个特征一个识别性的特征,并且是不会造成错误识别该建造的线索是几乎在每一个露头上都可很容易发现的、无数的、保存完好的鱼的鳞片.)用破折号表达了Mowry Shale的特点和重要性,从而使得句子强而有力,41,4.引导出对前文一系列陈述的总结或说明.Whether we locate meaning in the text,in the act of reading,or in some collaboration between reader and textwhatever our predilection,let us not generate from it a str
35、aitjacket.无论我们是想从正文的阅读过程中,或是从读者与作品的联系中确定文本的含义无论个人有何种的喜好,我们都不应拘泥于形式.The Japanese beetle,the starling,the gypsy moththese pests all came from abroad.5.表示直接引语的来源或编辑的声明.Publication of this letter does not indicate that it represents a policy of the American Chemical Society.The Editor,42,标点符号,逗号(,comma)
36、分号(;semicolon)破折号(en dash）破折号（em dash)连字符或连接号(-hyphen),43,连字符或连接号(-hyphen),连字符(-)约为半个英文字母的宽度,可使用电脑键盘上位于数字键区域短横线“-”直接键入.连字符与破折号在功能上的区别主要在于:连字符主要起连接作用,破折号则主要起分隔作用.连字符多用于各种复合词中(位于单词与前缀、后缀或其他单词之间),以避免在词义或拼读方面的误解.,44,1.用于有些带前缀的单词.(1)用于将前缀和专有名词或形容词(首字母大写)组成的复合词.:a pre-Columbian civilization;post-Copernica
37、n astronomy(2)用于前缀的尾字母与后面连接的词的首字母相重复的词(尤用于英式英语:a shell-like carapace;anti-infective;co-operate(英式)或cooperate(美式)(3)用于同时有多个前缀的复合词:mid-infrared;post-reorganization;bi-univalent;等等;(4)用于有前缀、并且已含有连字符的复合词:non-radiation-caused effects;non-tumor-bearing organ(5)用于有前缀的化学术语:non-hydrogen bonding;non-phenyl at
38、oms;non-alkane;等等.(6)用于有前缀的数字:pre-1900s,45,2.用于有些带后缀的单词.(1)用于后缀的首字母与其前面单词尾字母重复的复合词.如:gel-like;shell-like;bell-like;等等.(2)用于含like,wide等后缀的多音节词或已含有连字符复合词.如:resonance-like;radical-like;university-wide;rare-earth-like;transition-metal-like;等等.(3)用于有后缀的数字.如:10-fold;25-fold;等等.(4)用于有后缀的专有名词.如:Kennedy-like
39、;Claisen-type;等等.,46,3.用于区别易混淆的或不同词性的单词或短语.They shut down the reactor.(shut down 动词短语)The shut-down reactor needed extensive repairs.(shut-down 形容词)The announcement of the shutdown was delayed several days.(shutdown 名词),47,4.用于复合词(1)用于某些由两个或多个单词组成的、含义上需紧密配合使用的修饰性复合词中,以防止产生歧义.如:Portuguese-language st
40、udent(“学习葡萄牙语的学生”,而不是“学习语言的葡萄牙籍学生”).(2)用于以better,best,still,ever,ill,lower,little或well等副词开头的复合形容词中.如:best-known work;ill-informed reporter;等等.(3)用于包含现在分词或过去分词的复合形容词中.如:the well-known physicist;air-equilibrated samples;fluorescence-quenching solution;ion-promoted reaction;steam-distilled sample;等等.(4
41、)用于变换有二个或多个部分的复合性形容词.如:sodium-and potassium-conserving drugs;high-,medium-,and low-frequency measurements;等等.,48,5.用于由数字、字母或元素符号与名词或形容词组成的复合性修饰语.(1)用于包含有数字的修饰语.如:20th-century development;early-thirteenth-century architecture;three-dimensional model;(2)用于表示年龄.如:a 3-year-old child;a 50-year-old patien
42、t;等等.(3)用于量和单位共同组成的修饰语.如:a 5-g dose;a 6-to 10-m-thick unit;2-meter rattlesnake;12-h sampling time(a 1-to 2-h sampling time);但:如果量或单位由多个部分组成、或单位中含有,%时不加连字符.如:1.2 l04 cm1 peak;a 37 C water bath;25%decrease;45 angle;等等.(4)用于由单一字母、元素符号或数字与名词或形容词组成的修饰语.如:14C-labeling;K-Ar age;L-anomer;O-ring;s-orbital;t-
43、test;x-axis;U-Pb ratio;-helix;-ray;-electron;等等.但:表示同位素之比时用斜线.如:207Pb/206Pb;40Ar/39Ar;等等.,49,6.用于全拼单词所表示的分数(分子与分母之间).one-third of the population;thirty-two hundredths of an inch;one-half;three-fourths;two-thirds;one-ninth;等等.7.用于2199间的十位数和个位数之间.He repeated the experiment ninety-nine times.,50,8.用于录入
44、排版时同一单词的拆分转行,拆分规则:(1)按字典所标示的音节拆分,并遵循单词的词源学规律,使得转接部分看起来像一个独立的单词.如:pathologic可拆分为path-/ologic,不能拆分为patho-/logic;等等.(2)派生词的移行要根据构词法而行:即在词根和词缀之间移行.如:illegal可拆分为il-/legal,impatient可拆分为im-/patient,careless可拆分为care-/less;等等.(3)包含有连字符的复合词应在连字符所在位置拆分,以避免使用更多的连字符.如:cost-benefit analysis拆分为cost-/benefit analys
45、is;well-known拆分为well-/known;等等.,51,8.单词拆分规则:(4)相邻的两个音节之间如果有两个辅音字母,移行应在辅音字母之间进行.如:commune拆分为com-/mune;English拆分为Eng-/lish;doctor拆分为doc-/tor;等等.(5)拼写较长的化学名或术语拆分后每行的字母不应少于4个,并且不能在描述性前缀的连字符处拆分.如:2-acetylaminofluorene可拆分为2-acetyl-/aminofluorene;不能拆分为2-/acetylaminofluorene;等等.(6)单音节词(如through,brought,plough等)和较短的双音节词(如also,into,away,oval等)不能拆分.应尽量避免拆分单词,可通过调整词间距右对齐,也可采取各行右端不对齐(ragged right)的方式排版.,Thanks讨论,
