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1、英语习语的翻译,Translation of English Idiom,contents,The Definition of IdiomsThe Characteristics of IdiomsThe Comparison and Contrast between English Idioms and Chinese IdiomsThe Techniques of Translating Idioms,The Definition of Idioms,习语是某一语言在使用过程中形成的独特的固定的表达方式。广义的习语（idioms）包括俗语（colloquialisms）、谚语（prover
2、bs）和俚语（slang expressions）等。英汉两种语言历史悠久，包含着大量的习语，它们或含蓄、幽默、或严肃、典雅，不仅言简意赅，而且形象生动，妙趣横生，给人一种美的享受。由于地理、历史、宗教信仰、生活习俗等方面的差异，英汉习语承载着不同民族的文化特色和文化信息，它们与文化传统紧密相连，不可分割。习语中的文化因素往往是翻译中的难点。,The Characteristics of Idioms,习语在语义上是不可以望文生义的，因为它的整体意义是不能从组成习语的各个词汇的表面含义中唾手可得的；另外，习语的结构是固定的，因为它经历了很长时间的运用，经千锤百炼而确立，是约定俗成的，不能随意改
3、动。,It was diamond cut diamond when the two men met because they were both so sure their own ideas were right.,英汉习语的对比,1.英语习语与汉语习语形义完全相同Barking dogs do not bite 吠犬不咬人More haste,less speed 欲速则不达heart to heart 心心相印Like father,like son 有其父必有其子a lion at home,a mouse abroad 在家如狮，在外如鼠Life is short and time
4、 is swift 人生苦短，岁月如逝,2.英语习语和汉语习语形义部分相同as strong as a horse 力大如牛a lion in the way 拦路虎drink like a fish 牛饮talk horse 吹牛kill the goose to get the eggs 杀鸡取卵burn ones boats 破釜沉舟One boy is a boy;two boys are half a boy;three boys are no boy at all一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚提水吃，三个和尚没水吃,3.英语习语与汉语习语看似相同，实则不相同pull ones leg 欺
5、骗或戏弄某人a walking skeleton 骨瘦如柴的人a big fish in a small pond 显赫人物，头面人物eat ones words 承认说错；收回前言,4.英语习语在汉语中找不到相对应的习语childs play 非常容易做的事go great guns 生龙活虎地做某事soft soap 奉承；讨好的言行举止oil and vinegar 截然不同的东西as fit as a fiddle 非常健康,英语习语的译法,由于习语具有以上的特点，翻译时就尽量保持这些特点。这就要求译者不仅要忠实表达原文习语的意义，还要尽可能保持原文的丰富联想，修辞效果以及民族和地方特
6、色。习语不仅大量地出现在文艺作品中和政治、科学论文中，在口语中也会使用一些习语，因此，习语的翻译是一个非常重要的问题，习语翻译的好坏对整个译文的质量及听懂英语口语都有直接的影响。,英语习语汉译主要有以下四种方法:直译法直译加注法释义归化,1.直译（对等翻译法）,如果英语习语和汉语习语在形义方面完全相同，或是英语习语的形式和意义均能为中国读者接受，在这种情况下采用直译既能再现原文的比喻形象和意义，还能保留原文独特的表现手法以及原文所体现的异域文化，借以丰富汉语语言。Easy come,easy go 来得容易，去得快 strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁 Examp
7、le is better than precept 身教胜于言传 Living in an ivory tower,Sally had no understanding of politics 萨利身处象牙塔内，对政治一点也不了解,I ask you before you play your last card and destroy me,to consider where you will be without me.在你们还没有摊出最后一张牌来毁我之前，我请你们好好想想，没有我，你们的地位会怎样。Johnson obviously knows this street like the b
8、ack of his hand.显然约翰逊对这条街了如指掌。,under ones nose armed to the teeth packed like sardines sour grapes a gentlemans agreement the Trojan horse the heel of Achilles the sword of Damocles the cold/hot war,在某人鼻子底下武装到牙齿挤得象沙丁鱼罐头酸葡萄君子协定特洛伊木马阿基里斯的脚跟悬在达摩克里斯头顶上的剑冷/热战,A cat has nine lives.猫有九命。Barking dogs do not
9、 bite.吠犬不咬人。A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔。A light heart lives long.不恼不愁，活到白头。,2.直译加注（形象意义兼顾法）,直译加注可以对文化信息作必要的补充和解释，从而最大限度地传达习语固有的文化内涵，使读者尽可能领略原作的风姿和神韵。注释可长可短，既可采用文中注释，也可采用脚注，还可二者合用。如：15%percent of the nations largest companies have installed golden parachute*for top management because of the
10、 recent upsurge in hostile corporate takeover bids.鉴于公司间的恶意接收出价最近猛增，这个国家里的那些最大的公司有15%已为高级管理人员配备了“黄金降落伞”（*黄金降落伞：一种工作合同，规定所在公司如被收购，雇员常为高级行政管理人员可以辞职，而其薪水和各种福利照旧，直至合同期满。）,Pampering is building into what is called the four-two-one syndrome*-four grandparents and two parents,all doting on an only child.溺爱
11、与“四二一综合症”的产生-祖父母四人，父母二人都对唯一的一个小孩宠爱有加-密不可分。（*四二一综合症：指伴随着中国独生子女这种家庭模式而来的社会问题，由三代人祖父母、父母、子或女的数目分别为四、二、一而来）,This was a rag to the bull.这话简直是朝着公牛摇晃红布，火上浇油。While it may seem to be painting the lily,I should like to add somewhat to Mr.Alistair Cookes excellent article.我想给阿里斯太尔.库克先生的杰作稍加几笔，尽管这也许是为百合花上色，费力不讨
12、好。,Advice and correction roll off him like water off a ducks back.劝导和惩罚对他好像水过鸭背似的根本不起作用。,3.释义（意译改造法）,在直译和加注无法翻译原文习语时可考虑采用释义法，牺牲原文比喻形象，只保留其意义。1）She found herself to be a fifth wheel in the family.她感到自己成了这个家里多余的人。2）The senate investigation turned out to be a Pandoras box for the administration.参议院的调查结
13、果给政府带来了意想不到的麻烦。3）Save your breath;the boss will never give you the day off.说也无用，老板不会准你假的。,4）Lets get the record straight.You say that you last saw this man on Monday,and you havent seen him since then.让我们澄清一下，你是说你最后一次见到这个人是在星期一，自那以后就再也没有见过他了。,5）Among so many well-dressed and cultured people the coun
14、try girl felt like a fish out of water.在众多穿着体面而又有教养的人群里，这位乡下姑娘感到很不自在。6）We still love each other very much，but we fight like cat and dog.我们常吵吵闹闹，但仍很相爱。,The boss gave her the sack.老板把她解雇了。He was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.他出生在富贵之家。The teenagers dont invite Bob to their parties because he is
15、 a wet blanket.青少年们不邀请鲍勃参加他们的聚会因为他是一个令人扫兴的人。,4.归化（优势互补法）,归化译法也叫套译法。由于文化的差异，英语习语中的形象不符合汉语习惯时，直译出的意义就不宜被理解和接受，意译则又失去了习语生动形象的特点，这时可采用归化译法。恰到好处的归化可使译文地道简洁、生动活泼，便于译入语读者理解和接受。None of his children have any love for the old man.They would be pleased if he kicked the bucket tomorrow.他的子女对老头子全都毫无感情。他们巴不得他明天就翘
16、辫子。teach ones grandma to suck eggs.（美国俚语；令人讨厌；蹩脚）班门弄斧a fair weather friend.酒肉朋友,1）Trying to study a lesson for one class during another class is like robbing Peter to pay Paul.在这节课里学习那节课的内容无异于拆东墙补西墙。2）I didnt tell George when he came home.Hed have laughed his head off.乔治回家时我没敢告诉他，否则他会笑掉大牙的。,3）I thin
17、k,and I certainly hope,those stories are terribly exaggerated.Our intelligence says they are.Still,where theres smoke我觉得，我当然也希望，这些报道是夸大了。我们的情报人员说是这样。不过，无风不起浪“where theres smoke”是习语“where theres smoke,theres fire.”(有烟必有火；无火不起烟)的简化。,4）Well,its too late to hide now.I must try to avoid suspicion by thro
18、wing them off the scent.如今即使赶着躲，想罢也躲不及了，少不得要使个金蝉脱壳的法子。英语习语“to throw(put)sb.off the scent”与汉语成语“金蝉脱壳”形象喻义很接近，都含有“用计脱身”的意义，在这里可以借用。,to praise to the skies to fish in troubled waters to add fuel to the fire to be on thin ice at sixes and sevens six of one and half a dozen of the other a drop in the oce
19、an to laugh off ones head to shed crocodile tears to spend money like water,捧到天上浑水摸鱼火上加油如履薄冰乱七八糟/颠三倒四半斤八两沧海一粟笑掉大牙猫哭老鼠/鳄鱼的眼泪挥金如土,Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。Walls have ears.隔墙有耳。Do as you would be done by.己所不欲，勿施于人。Little chips light great fires.星星之火，可以燎原。,Its a poor mouse that has only one hol
20、e.狡兔三窟。Do not teach fish to swim.不要班门弄斧。Money makes the mare go.有钱能使鬼推磨。,9.He just had forty winks.10.His wife held the purse string.11.You should keep your nose out of here.12.Dont you see the writing on the wall?13.That night he slept like a top,and woke with his knee of almost normal size.14.Ever
21、y family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.,1.得了，怪我自己瞎了眼。可是我再也不干了。我们上了人家的当，没别的。2.运煤到纽卡斯尔，多此一举。（纽卡斯尔是英国一个产煤中心，运煤到纽卡斯尔是多余的事。）3.杂而不精的人。（万事通）4.及时缝一针，可以省九针；小洞不补，大洞吃苦。5.不辞而别6.半斤八两7.谨言慎行8.海底捞针,9.他刚迷糊了一会儿。10.他的妻子掌握经济大权。11.你别多管闲事。12.难道你不知道灾难即将来临吗？13.那天晚上他睡得很香，醒来时膝盖几乎恢复了原状。14.俗话说，壁橱里藏骷髅，见不得人的事儿家家有。,
