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1、句子成分,*句子由各个组成部分构成,这些组成部分叫句子的成分。总的来说，一个完整的句子包括以下两部分：,句子,主语部分:发出动作的人或物,谓语部分:动作/谓语动词,例:我开门.,例:这本书非常有趣。,句子,1.主语,2.谓语,3.宾语,4.表语,5.定语,6.状语,7.补语,8.同位语,*但是具体来分，一个句子可分为以下各种成分：,1.主语：,主语(subject)是句子所要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。主语的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。可以担当主语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句。,例:那个学生问了老师一些问题.,例:今天的天气非常好.,2.谓语（predicate)：,谓
2、语一般是指主语的动作或状态，谓语动词由实义动词或系动词担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。位置一般放于主语后面。,例:他工作非常努力.,例:他在字典里查出了这个单词.,3.宾语（object)：,宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾语。可作宾语的有名词、数词、代词、动名词等。,例:他们将不会伤害我们.,例:他在上个星期放弃吸烟了.,动宾,介宾,4.表语：,表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词与分词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语以及表语从句等。,例:这种水果尝起来味道很好.
3、,例:那个女孩变得非常担心.,5.定语:(attribute),定语（attribute）是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。作定语的有名词、形容词、数词、分词及其短语、不等式及其短语、介词短语以及定语从句等。,这是一节生动有趣的课,有一些难题要处理,.状语:(adverbial),状语（adverbial）是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。作状语的有副词、名词、介词短语、分词及其短语、动词不定式及其短语、状语从句等。,表时间：yest
4、erday,today,tomorrow,表地点：in China,at the airport,昨天，我在教室里看见一个学生,表原因:because,as,for,since,他因为生病所以今天没有去上学,表结果：to+do,v+ing,从句,他匆匆忙忙赶往车站，结果却发现火车已经离开了。,表目的:in order to,in order that,for the purpose,为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力,表条件:as/so long as,if,unless,只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩,表让步:in spite of,despite,although,though,他虽然
5、不认识我，但却帮了我,表程度:very,enough,to some extent,那里的风景非常漂亮,表方式:like that,as,as if,不要那样看我,表伴随状况：,老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书,.补语:(complement),补语,主语补足语：,宾语补足语：,补充说明主语的动作或状态,补充说明宾语的动作或状态,Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.,I found that book interesting.,8.同位语:(appositive),当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语
6、。,我们有两个孩子，一男一女,那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车,Pop,a German volunteer,who works in the Olympics language service,said,“I am looking forward to the Beijing Olympics,as it will be my first volunteer experience in the Olympics.”,基本句型,1.主语+系动词+表语（S+Link.V+P），说 明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。,You are students.,连系动词,1.be动词(am,is,are,
7、was,were),2.表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay),3.感官动词(look,smell,hear,feel),+表语,2.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi.),注：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。,The car accident was happened yesterday.,You will graduate next year.The sun rises in the east.,3.主语+及物动词+宾语（S+Vt+O）,I like my job very much.He grew some vegetables.Each of you
8、has a dream.,注：及物动词可用于被动语态,People use a great deal of water in that city.,4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+Oi+Od)双宾语,bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,sing,save等。,常跟双宾语的动词：,Who can find me the eraser?Pass me the eraser.,We saw,We saw,We saw,
9、5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+C)复合宾语,注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。,简单句之歌：I like Beijing Tiananmen,Vt.之后要接宾。Vi.加介也接宾，We all live in Beijing.系动词之后是表语，We are happy in Beijing.位置互换是双宾，名形非谓来补宾。,Homework:句子成分随堂练习 找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分,Last week I went to the supermarket.The play was very interesting.I cant hear
10、a word.They were talking loudly.,It was Sunday.I never get up early on Sundays.I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.,I read a few lines,but I didnt understand a word.My holidays passed quickly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.,I got up early and bought thirty cards.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.,He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.He calls at every house in the streetonce a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.,Thank you!,
