《英语标点符号的使用.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语标点符号的使用.ppt（90页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、英语标点符号的使用,Punctuation,一个英国牧师为了表达自己不爱穿牧师制服的想法，便对大家说：,I will wear no clothes which will distinguish me from my fellowman,我不愿穿任何使我显得与众不同的衣服。,I will wear no clothes，which will distinguish me from my fellowmen,我什么衣服都不穿，这样就会使我显得与众不同了。,了解一下非限制性定语从句的翻译,His father who is a teather is fifty years old this yea
2、r.,His father,who is a teather,is fifty years old this year.,他那个是教师的爸爸今年五十岁了。,他爸爸今年五十岁了，他是个教师。,有没有逗号,语意不一样。,What a cat!,多好的一只猫呀!,What，a cat!,什么，一只猫?,Mary says Tess is the most beautiful actress in Paris,玛丽说苔丝是巴黎最美的女演员。,Mary，says Tess，is the most beautiful actress in Paris,苔丝说，玛丽是巴黎最美的女演员。,He is,too，
3、sorry to do it,He is too sorry to do it,Do you know her father?,Do you know her，father?,他做这件事心里也很难受。,他心里太难受了，无法做这件事。,你认识她父亲？,父亲，你认识她吗?,标点符号位置不同，语意不一样。,The woman thinks，her husband will come back soon,The woman，thinks her husband，will come back soon,这个女人认为，她丈夫会很快回家。,这女人的丈夫认为，女人会很快回家。,He gave me twent
4、y-five dollar billsHe gave me twenty five-dollar billsIn the class there are ten students who speakEnglish very wellIn the class there are ten students，who speak English very well,这个班有10个学生，他们的英语说得很好。,他给了我25元钞票。,他给了我20张5元的钞票。,这个班有10个英语说得很好的学生。,The teacher left the students feeling very depressed,老师离
5、开了感到沮丧的学生们。,The teacher left the students，feeling very depressed.,老师离开了这些学生，感到很沮丧。,Sitting on a stone,a dog is running beside him.,分词做状语其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。,坐在一块石头上，一条狗从他旁边跑过。,错,英汉标点符号对照表,汉语标点符号 英语标点符号句号。Period 逗号，comma，分号；semicolon；冒号：colon：问号?question mark?感叹号!Exclamation mark!引号(双)“”quotation mark(do
6、uble)“”(单)(single)括号()parenthesis()省略号 ellipsis 破折号 dash 顿号、comma，兼此功能书名号 斜体印刷 Hyphen 一(连词号)Apostrophe(省字号),MrGreen is from England he teaches English in a middle school he speaks some Chinese but not much he goes to Chinese classes every week he likes working in China very much he says the Chinese
7、people are very friendly he has a son and a daughter they go to school here too but to a different school,1句号不同（译成汉语注意标点）,格林先生来自英国。他在一所中学教英语。他会说些汉语。但不多。他每星期去上汉语课。他非常喜欢在中国工作。他说中国人民非常友好。他有一个儿子和一个女儿。他们也在这里上学。但是不在同一个学校。,“来自英国”和“教英语”是一个意思，“讲汉语”和“上汉语课”是一个意思，“在中国工作”和“非常友好”可作为一个意思，“有一个儿子和一个女儿”与“不在一个学校”是一个意思
8、，属于一个意思的句子才用句号。,格林先生来自英国，在一所中学教英语。,他会说些汉语，但不多，每星期去上汉语课。,他非常喜欢在中国工作，说中国人非常友好。,他有一个儿子和一个女儿，也在这里上学，但不在同一个学校。,英语句号除了(1)表达一个意思外，还表示一个(2)句子的停顿，只要这个句子(3)主谓语都有，在语法上是个标准句子，一般都可以用句号。,英语句号汉可以表达缩写，省略词Kg.公斤 A.m.上午n.名词pron.代词 ie.即etc.等等No.第 Mr.先生U.S.A.美国,2逗号不同,英语逗号表示很短的停顿,(1)相当于汉语的顿号“、”，用在多个并列词之间。,There are 5 peo
9、ple in my family：my wife，my father，my mother,my son and I.,He likes bread，milk，sugar and fruits,(2)复合句连词之前、两个分句之间用逗号。,He can speak English，but not so much,This is Jack，and that is Tom.,(3)位于句首的直接引语之后。,“Im very sorry，”said John.,“Im very sorry”said John,John said,“Im very sorry.”,“Mum，”said Harry，“Th
10、is is my classmate John”,正确,错误,错误,正确,判断正误：,“Mum，come over，”said Harry“This is my classmate John,正确,“妈妈，过来!”哈里说：“这是我同学约翰。”,(4)用于称呼语、转折副词、插入句等一些独立成分后面，如：,Hi，every body大家好!信开头或开会的称呼语，提醒别人注意。Dear Sir or Madams，亲爱的先生或女士：,注：译成汉语时，逗号变成冒号。,3冒号不同,英语冒号表示的停顿要比逗号长，表明下面要有事物列举。如：,Please buy me some fruits：apples
11、oranges，grapes and bananas,He said：“she is learning Chinese”,He said，“She is learning Chinese”,错误,正确,英语在引用说话内容时，“说”后面一般应用逗号。而汉语则用冒号。引语中的第一个字母应大写。英语say后面若用冒号，表明说话的人态度非常严肃，或是引语的内容很正式。,4分号不同,英语分号表示停顿要比逗号长，但比冒号短。常用于几个关系较为密切的分句之间，或用于被列举较长、中间含有逗号的事物名称之后。如：,Dont use my pen；it doesnt work,Dont use my pen；It
12、 doesnt work,正确,错误,别用我的钢笔，笔坏了。,注意：第二分句第一字母不能大写。,5.问号、感叹号、破折号英汉几乎相同，只是英语的破折号比汉语短一半。,6.引号用法英汉基本相同，但表达书籍、报刊等名称时，英语没有汉语的书名号“”，英语用斜体字、下划线、或者用引号来表示，名称里每一个词的第一个字母要大写。,The books called“A New English-Chinese Dictionary”sell well.,The books called A New English-Chinese Dictionary sell well,如引号内还需引号，可用单引号：“I h
13、ave seen the film Gone With Wind,”she said“我看过电影飘。”她说。,7.汉语里没有连字符，连字符常用于英语合成词中，如：father-in-law 岳父,用在呼叫语中时，相当于汉语的破折号，如：“He-e-elp!”she cried“救-命-呵!”她喊道。,有没有连字符，词义不一样,green house绿色的房子 dark room黑暗的房间green-house温室 dark-room 暗室green room绿色的房间 resign 辞职green-room演员休息室 re-sign 再签署,9.英汉省略号长短不同，英语是三个点，汉语是六个点，
14、用法一样，如：thankfor.因感谢,8.省字符“”是汉语中没有的，常表示所有格、省略，如：teachers book教师用书,dont 不 Im 我是 99 1999,Contents:,句号（Full Stop/Period）问号（Question Mark）感叹号（Exclamation Mark）逗号（Comma）冒号（Colon）分号（Semicolon）连字符（Hyphen）破折号（Dash）引号（Quotation Marks）撇号（Apostrophe）省略号（Ellipsis）,句号（Full Stop/Period）,用于陈述句、语气温和的祈使句或客气的问句后。用于间接引
15、语之后。用于某些缩略语、小数点之后。表示序列的字母或数字之后。Lets go to the movies.May we hear from you soon.,问号（Question Mark）,用于疑问句或语气较委婉的祈使句之后。用来表示存疑或无把握。用于陈述句之后表示疑问。用于插入式问句表示强调。What can I do for you?This vase dates back to 600?BC.Im the one to be blame for the mess?He was so tired is that true?that he wont come.,感叹号（Exclamat
16、ion Mark）,表示感慨、惊讶、命令、哀怨、赞赏、决心等。用于感叹词之后。How time flies！Be quiet!Oh!Fire!Please leave alone!God,youve finished your task!,逗号（Comma）,用于分割并列成分，相当于汉语中的顿号作用。用于分割并列句中的分句。用于分割对比或对照成分。用于分割非限定性定于从句、同位 语、或附加说明成分。用于分隔附加疑问句或选择疑问句。用于分割直接引语及导语。用于分割句首状语、插入语等。用于分割日期、数字、地点、人名 与职衔等、（信件）呼语等。,例句：,Were tired,thirsty and
17、hungry.We must hurry up,otherwise,we will miss the bus.No pain,no gain.He wants us,you and me,to go to his place tomorrow.John didnt take it,did he?Mr.Green said,“Please call on us.”Frankly,thats all the money I have.He left on July 20,2008,for a trip around the world.David Smith,Ph.D.,冒号（Colon）,冒号用
18、于对后面内容的介绍或解释 用于一个正式的引用之前。也可用于商业或正式信函的称谓后面.冒号用于数字时间的表示.冒号用于主标题和副标题之间.This is her plan:go shopping.The professor said:“It was horrible.”4:45 p.m Web Directory:World and Non-U.S.Economic Data,分号（Semicolon）,用于并列分句之间。分隔已经有逗号分割的成分，以免导致歧义。用于由for example,for instance,namely,that is(to say),in fact,i.e.,等词语引
19、导的句子之前。Your bike is new;mine is old.Follow this procedure:first,get your application forms;next,fill them out;last,pay the charge.His sister is a busy girl;in fact,she works harder than he does.,连字符（Hyphen）,用于某些前缀后和构成复合词。Job-hunting构成某些复合数字（100以下的数字应用单词写出，不可用阿拉伯数字代替）twenty-one;during the years 1949-
20、1999 用于移行,一般按音节间断开单词加连字号（例如：ha-ppy,不可断为hap-py）,或根据发音,不要把单个字母留在行尾或行首。注意一页中最后一个单词不能使用连字号将其置于两页。,破折号（Dash）,用于话语突然中断、意思转折或犹豫不决。用作解释。用于被强调部分。引出概括性词语或表示引文出处。用于两地名或两时间之间，相当于连字号。,破折号（Dash）,“Id like to,”he said,“but Im”Money,fame,power these are his goals in life.What he needed most he never got love.London
21、New York flight,引号（Quotation Marks）,引用书面或口头的直接引语。引用事物的名称。引用俚语、反语、定义、词形等。引用对话。表示强调。,引号（Quotation Marks）,Bob said,“Lets meet at my house next time.”Have you read the novel“Flying”?How do you spell the word“souvenir”?“Did you have a great time last night?”,撇号（Apostrophe）,省字符。表示某些特殊结构的复数形式。表示名词的所有格。youd
22、 better=you had better cause=because the class of 09=the class of 2009 todays news,a friend of my fathers,省略号（Ellipsis）,表示词语或句子的有意省略。表示断断续续、停顿、犹豫不决。表示没有说完的话语。用以分割词组，加强语气。“the book is lovely and well written.”“Tell mother I died for my country.”Do it soon Do it today Do it now.“I dont know I dont kno
23、w.”,中英文标点符号的差异,汉语中的某些标点符号为英语所没有。顿号（、）：顿号在汉语中起分割句子中的并列成分的作用；英语中没有顿号，分割句中的并列成分多用逗号。如：She slowly,carefully,deliberately moved the box.注意：类似的情况下，最后一个逗号后可加and，这个逗号也可省略-She slowly,carefully(,)and deliberately moved the box.,间隔号：汉语有间隔号，用在月份和日期、音译的名和姓等需要隔开的词语的正中间，如一二九、奥黛丽赫本（人名）等。英语中没有汉语的间隔号，需要间隔时多用逗点。,书名号（）
24、：英文没有书名号，书名、报刊名用斜体或者下划线表示。如：Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Winters Tale/Winters Tale 冬天的童话 The New York Times/The New York Times 纽约时报 另外，英语中文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称和交通工具、航天器等的专有名词也常用斜体来表示。,英语中的某些标点符号为汉语所没有。,撇号-Apostrophe（）连字号-Hyphen（-）斜线号Virgule or Slash（/）：该符号主要起分割作用。It could be for staff and/or students.也常用于标音，如bed/bed/。,
25、某些符号在汉英两种语言中的形式不同。,中文的句号是空心圈（。）英文的句号是实心点（.）。英文的省略号是三个点（.），位置在行底；中文的为六个点（.），居于行中。英文的破折号是（）中文的是（）,COMMA,Punctuation,6 Functions of Comma,1.As introducer-used after introductory words,phrases or clauses,Words However,the new law was largely ignored by the public.Phrases After a long vacation,he returne
26、d to work.Clauses Since he have no money,we can not buy it.Appositives Tom,a friend of mine will see to it.,6 Functions of Comma,2.As coordinator-used between two independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions and,but,yet,or,for,nor,and so.,6 Functions of Comma,3.As linker-used to connect i
27、tems in a series;to connect last name with the first and second names when the normal order is reversed;to connect a direct quotation with our introducing words.,6 Functions of Comma,4.As inserter-used before and after an inserted element of a sentence.The new law,however,was largely ignored by the
28、public.,6 Functions of Comma,5.As Linker-used to connect items in a series;to connect last name with the first and second names when the normal order is reversed;to connect a direct quotation with our introducing words.,6 Functions of Comma,6.As separator-used to separate digits,except telephone num
29、bers,ZIP numbers,house number,and the like;to prevent misreading and misunderstanding.In the morning,light began to flood our room.,Comma Splice,Punctuation,Comma splice,A comma splice(error,fault,or blunder)occurs when a comma is used to join two independent clauses.,Five ways to correct a comma sp
30、lice,1).to add a coordinating conjunction following the comma;2).to add a subordinating conjunction,making the second clause depend on the first;,Five ways to correct a comma splice,3).to use a semicolon instead;4).to use a period instead;5).to use a semicolon plus a conjunctive adverb like indeed,t
31、herefore,nevertheless,and however.,Wrong sentence,I learned to like poetry when I read Kipling,his strong rhythms appealed to me.,Corrections,I learned to like poetry when I read Kipling,for his strong rhythms appealed to me.,Corrections,I learned to like poetry when I read Kipling,because his stron
32、g rhythms appealed to me.,Corrections,I learned to like poetry when I read Kipling;his strong rhythms appealed to me.,Corrections,I learned to like poetry when I read Kipling.His strong rhythms appealed to me.,Corrections,I learned to like poetry when I read Kipling;indeed,his strong rhythms appeale
33、d to me.,Semicolon,Punctuation,Using semicolon is not difficult if we remember that a semicolon is more like a period than a comma.It is a very strong punctuation.Semicolon are used in three ways.,1.Between two sentences that are closely connected in idea,or independent clauses when they are not joi
34、ned by the coordinating conjunctions and,but,for,or and nor.,When angry,count four;when very angry,swear.Computer using is increasing;computer crime is,too.,2.Before sentence connectors and some transitional phrases(however,therefore,nevertheless,moreover,that is,in fact etc.).,You have to return al
35、l the books within two weeks;otherwise,you cant borrow any more books.,3.Between items in a series when any of the item listed already contains commas,or when the clause-items are long.,The year is divided into four seasons:spring,the green season;summer,the red season;autumn,the golden season;winte
36、r,the white season.,The conference,short as it was,gave us the fact we needed;and at dinner that night,we shared opinions,questions,and conclusions about the labor dispute.,colon,Punctuation,Using a colon at the end of an independent clause focuses attention on the words following the colon.After a
37、colon,we often write lists,appositives,and direct quotations.,Before listsUse a colon to introduce a list.Libraries have two kinds of periodicals:bound periodicals and current periodicals.I need the following groceries:eggs,milk,and coffee.,Caution,1.Do not use a colon to introduce a list after the
38、verb to be unless you add the following or as follows.,Wrong sentence,To me,the most important things in life are:good health,a happy home life,and a satisfying occupation.,Corrections,To me,the most important things in life are good health,a happy home life,and a satisfying occupation.,Corrections,
39、To me,the most important things in life are the following:good health,a happy home life,and a satisfying occupation.,Caution,2.Do not use a colon after a preposition.Use a colon only at the end of an independent clause.,Wrong sentence,After a long day at work,I look forward to:enjoying a quiet dinne
40、r at home,playing with my children,and watching a little TV.,Corrections,After a long day at work,I look forward to enjoying a quiet dinner at home,playing with my children,and watching a little TV.,Before AppositivesUse a colon after an independent clause to direct attention to an appositive(a word
41、 or word group that renames another word or word group).,He had one great love in his life:himself.A doctor has two important abilities:the ability to listen and the ability to analyze.,Before long quotationsUse a colon to introduce a quotation longer than three lines.This type of quote is indented
42、on both sides,and no quotation marks are used.,As Albert C.Baugh and Thomas Cable state in their book The History of the English Language:There is no such thing as uniformity in language.Not only does the speech of one community differ from that of another,but the speech of different individuals of
43、a single community,even different members of the same family,is marked by individual peculiarities.,Before SubtitlesUse a colon between the main title and the subtitle of a book,article,or play.,A popular book on nonverbal communication is Samovar and Porters Intercultural Communication:A Reader.The title of an article from the New York Times is Man on Mars:Dream or Reality?,ln Expressions of Time of day!Use a colon between the numbers for hours and minutes when indicating the time of day.,THANKS!,
