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1、Lecture 7,教育话题,Report,It is said that peoples life now is becoming more and more stressful.What are the causes and how to solve it?或者遇到这样的字样what is the reason,what is the affect,what should our government do?,Report的结构,分四段。第一段：引出来题，只是report文章不需要有什么观点存在，只要说明现象就可以。第二段，就要写引起这件事的reason.第三段：effect了。就顺着题目
2、的问法一段段写。第四段：也就是how to solve it.,Argumentation 议论文的两种结构,一边倒结构PK对称结构辩论型题目的提问方式，一般有如下几种：1.(To what extent)do you agree or disagree?2.What is your opinion?3.What do you think?4.What are the advantages and disadvantages of sth?5.What are the benefits and drawbacks of sth?6.Discuss both sides and give you
3、r opinion.,一边倒,在一边倒结构中,建议分五段.第一段:因为在题目中一定会有提出两方观点,所以在第一段的时候也要亮出双方观点(万万不可抄写题目,要把题目的意思换个句式说法)同时亮出你是同意或者不同意,或者是你的观点是怎样.通常第一段会有固定的模式,这样看你自己的句套是怎样设计.第二段:要讲你为什么支持你的这个观点.通常在这一段中会有5句话.第1句就是你为什么同意你这个观点的第一个理由(IDEA),第2句到第4句便是你这个IDEA的说明句.第5句便为这一小段的小总结.第三段:写你支持你这个观点的第二个IDEA,写法同第二段.第四段:写你支持你这个观点的第三个IDEA,写法同第二段.第五
4、段:便是文章的结尾段.这一段中要再一次明确你的观点.,对称式结构,第一段:用你的句套啦.但是记住,这里不用写观点了.只是对题目分析就OK了.第二段:可以写你支持作者观点的IDEA.写法同上.第三段:便为反对观点段.第四段便是一个总结了.,“对称式结构”双方都说，“一边倒结构”只说一方。“对称式结构”比“一边倒结构”可说的内容多，更容易写够字数。,怎么复习,1.要了解雅思考题都会有怎样的问法,熟练掌握各种问法所使用的结构。2.要自己想许多的IDEA。由上述段落写法时,大家可见通常一篇文章中都需要三个IDEA。所以没有IDEA怎么才能支持你自己的观点呢?文章会没有说服力的。3.是要练好基本功,基本
5、功怎么练？,voluntary euthanasiaorgan transplant雅思的文章，它绝对不是简单的语言的堆砌。文章，它承载的是思路，承载的是思想。所以在写文章之前，不要一味的去堆砌语言，应该考虑一下你的想法，你的中心思想，你的逻辑思维。If you do not think clearly,you can not write clearly.,教育应该包括哪些内容？,母题：It is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development of individuals and the
6、well-being of societies.What should education consist of to fulfill both these functions?(050312)提示：本题围绕教育的两大功能来展开（个人与社会），准备好这篇文章，即可应付教育类话题中的最大分支教育的功能，做到以不变应万变。对于社会角度，可以从促进经济发展、增加社会流动性(social mobility)、维护社会稳定这几个方面来展开，对于个人，可以写改变思维模式、有利于就业和便利生活来写。,教育的功能the functions of education,Home education:what do
7、 parents teach us?School education:what do schools teach us?,Home education:what do parents teach us?,pass down both academic knowledge and practical experience passionate love and the feeling of a true family Everything they sacrifice is derived from affection and the consciousness of responsibilit
8、y.parents love is an incentive for us to study,work and overcome the troubles in life.,School education:what do schools teach us?,Agent of social controlcertain values such as,obedience,discipline,perseverance,respect and punctuality.Schools also teach us conformity;it encourages us to be good and t
9、o be a law abiding citizen.hindrances towards individual development.,School education:what do schools teach us?,Modifying behaviour-Education helps to modify the past behaviour through learning and through different agencies of education.All-round development-Education aims at the all round develop
10、ment of children-physical,mental,social,emotional,and spiritual.adjustability,preparing for the future,completion of education,School education:what do schools teach us?,transmitting the dominant culturethe young generation is exposed to the belief,norms and values that had long been exist on a part
11、icular culture.Education also serves to promote social and political integration.Educational institutions transfer the population that is composed of diverse ethnic and religious groups into a kind of society with people sharing at least a common identity.,School education:what do schools teach us?,
12、Education teaches us to give equal opportunities in all aspects irrespective of social status,creed,colour,sex and religion.Education helps to make rising generation to understand its rights and duties as citizens of a democratic country.Education trains people for unity,not for locality,for democra
13、cy and not for dictatorship.,Education can be a real panacea for all social evils.The purpose of education:to become autonomous,creative and inquiring,have the will and intelligence to serve the society,create their own destinyEducation is a progressive discovery of our ignorance.,Current education
14、in China,The existing education system,focus on the results,suppress childrens creativity,learning is considered as a tool to cope with exams,marks are the major standard to evaluate students capacityExplore students potential,do research,write papers,learn scientific method,sharpen their thinking c
15、apacity,challenge the authority,子题：大学应当教授理论知识还是实践技能？大学的是应当把学生培养成合格的公民还是让他们自己得益？准备未来职业最好的方法是上大学还是尽快离校积累工作经验？大学要不要扩招？中学阶段应当提供通才教育还是专才教育？要不要延长义务教育年限？要不要让农村地区的学生更容易上学？老师要教学生如何判断是非吗？,Theoretical knowledge,a well-confirmed type of explanation of natureconsistent with scientific methodthe most reliable,rig
16、orous,and comprehensive form of scientific knowledge teaches the why.It helps people understand why one technique works and where another fails.It shows you the whole forest,builds the context,and helps you set strategy.set a direction for your future education.Theoretical knowledge can often lead t
17、o a deeper understand of a concept,understanding the why behind it.,Practical knowledge,acquire the specific techniquesGenuine knowledge comes from practice.No practice,no gain in ones wit.Whats learned from books is superficial after all.Its crucial to have it personally tested somehow.lead to a de
18、eper understanding of a concept through the act of doing and personal experience Profound and impressive memorySolve specific problem,把学生培养成合格的公民还是让他们自己得益?,Qualified citizenEducation institutionsPatrioticour compulsory curriculum observe disciplines and obey laws respect the old and cherish the youn
19、g;NatureIsOurMother.Mother nature,aqualifiedcitizenrespectingandcaringfor natureforeverymoment.,扩招,Enrollment expansion,expanding the scale of enrollment radically,Education Ministry the higher education quality deteriorated more than before,education resources,irresponsible for society,increasing p
20、eoples burden,which is contrary to the principle advocated by whole society-building harmonious society reducing social burden.side effectsHas aroused debate its efficiency,efficacy and equity.,扩招,the expectation to stimulate domestic consumption and to ease the immediate pressure on the labor marke
21、t the high public interest in and demand for higher education in Chinese society the political will of the Chinese government to develop higher education.reform its structure,curricula,and administration.Ensure the excellence of higher educationPossible declining of the quality if it is not accompan
22、ied by substantial increase in investmentRising college tuition,deny poor students the opportunity to receive,扩招,Essential to economic developmentA better-educated citizen is more productive.Narrow social inequalityContribute to the development of a more democratic society.Make informed political de
23、cisionsNeed more talented personnel to sustain rapid economic developmentStimulate domestic consumption and promote growth in related industriesAll-around education,discourage test-oriented,Liberal/general education,an approach to learning that empowers individuals and prepares them to deal with com
24、plexity,diversity,and change.provides students with broad knowledge of the wider world(e.g.science,culture,and society)as well as in-depth study in a specific area of interest.A liberal education helps students develop a sense of social responsibility,as well as strong and transferable intellectual
25、and practical skills such as communication,analytical and problem-solving skills,and a demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills in real-world settings.disciplines,Liberal/general education,A general education was the best preparation for both work and life,arguing that it gives students th
26、e skills to be better citizens and better people.Besides providing a well-rounded course of study,a general education builds a foundation for more specialized study later.A general education can also impart skills-such as writing and critical thinking-that are valuable in nearly any workplace.Depend
27、ing on the major subject,a general education can also provide practical preparation for the workplace.,Specialized education,a course of study focused on a particular subject.Specialized education is often focused on training to prepare students for the workplace.Vocationally oriented specialized ed
28、ucation curricula can give the student a definite advantage in the job market.The very focused course of study,specialized education programs often offer their students work-related experience.Specialized education programs can often be completed in a shorter time than general education programs,whi
29、ch can save a significant amount of money.,Gap year,a period of time in which people disengage from curricular education and/or work and undertake activities such as traveling,volunteering or working abroad.take a year off prior to attending tertiary education and choose to travel abroad unsure of t
30、heir academic or financial direction and want to gain experience in the“real world”before making a big commitment,Gap year,a way to recharge your battery or to explore activities near home or afar that you never had time to experience before.a great way to get a breather from classrooms,tests,and ho
31、mework assignmentsdissatisfied“gappers”,Gap year,Time off allows students time to think about their academic direction and professional goals before jumping in with both feet.Work experience are great rsum-builders and can result in increased focus and maturityqualities that all competitive colleges
32、 like to see in prospective students.Working full time can help students save up for tuition and other college costs.,Gap year,Watching friends and classmates move on to college before you can be disheartening.For students who fail to develop important habits,its easy to lose focus and fall out of t
33、he academic routine.Students who wait sometimes lose access to guidance counselors,peer support,and even scholarship resources that they had fresh out of high school.,distance-learning programs,Many people use distance-learning programs(study material post,TV,Internet,etc.)to study at home,but some
34、people think that it cannot bring the benefit as much as attending college or university.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?(041113,081023,100515),distance-learning programs,Convenience:internet,not based on some colleges annual or semester schedule.Flexibility:time,placeAvail
35、ability:Cost:cheaper,no travel expensesSelf-directed:you set your own pace and schedule,so you control the learning environment.Not interrupting job,career,distance-learning programs,a good alternative for housewives who are not able to enroll into courses because they have to take care of young chi
36、ldren you would not have to face major competition from fellow students.If you are a slow learner,distance learning would be perfect for you.As distance learning promotes self-paced learning,you can take your own time to learn and complete the course.,distance-learning programs,No personalized atten
37、tion from your teacherRequires new skills,not computer-savvy,afraid of change or new technologies,No social interactionLittle support:students are expected to find their own resources for completing assignments and exams,which is empowering for some,but daunting for othersNo campus atmosphere,the beauty of the campus,the college spirit,Government should have the power to stipulate the curriculum,dominant role,professional suggestions,experts,specialists,lack a sense of discipline Have the final say,underestimate the students capability,basic level of judgment,
