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1、英语简单句五种基本句型 A:词类及基本用法,练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型太阳从东方升起来了。她喜欢看书。他的脸红了。4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。,The sun has risen in the east.She enjoys reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.,英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的
2、基础。,基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主谓/系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四:+InO+D(主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五:+O（主谓宾宾补）,各种词类及其在句子中的作用：1.Nouns(n.)名词：-主语(S)，宾语(O)，表语(P)等 2.Verbs(v.)动词-谓语(V)（vt.及物动词/vi.不及物动词）3.Pronouns（pron.)代词：-主语，宾语，表语等 e.g.Kate has a piano.She likes it very much.,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ S,_ V,_O,4.Adjectives(adj.)形容词：-定语(At.)表语（P）e.g.
3、The overcoat is very beautiful.This is a very beautiful overcoat.5.Adverbs(adv.)副词：-状语（Ad.)6.Numerals(num.)数词：-定语，表语，主语等 e.g.25(desks)_(be)enough.7.Articles(art.)冠词：一般不单独构成句子成分,(At.),(P),is,8.Prepositions(prep.)介词（in,at,on,)prep.+n.介词短语-状语(Ad.),表语等 e.g.We can see the bike under the tree.9.Conjunctio
4、ns(conj.)连词(and,or,but,so)一般不构成成分，仅起连接作用10.Interjections(interj.)感叹词(ah,oh,yeah)一般不构成成分，起加强语气作用,英语简单句五种基本句型 B:五种句型,基本句型 一(subject)+V(verb)（主谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g.His words works.S,V,基本句型 二+（主系表）特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构 成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词
5、。系动词可分四类：1）be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的 作用,后可接动词外的任何词；2）感官动词类 look,feel,smell,taste,sound等+adj.3）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go等 4）表示状态延续：stay,keep,prove,remain,stand等 以及prove 等。,+adj.,+adj.,S V(link-V.)PThis is an English dictionary.Everything looks different.天气更凉爽了。The weather becomes cooler.,基本句型 三+（主谓宾）
6、特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.We like the movie.S,V,o,S V(Vt.)O她经常帮她妈妈。She often helps her mother.2.我想要一杯茶。I want a cup of tea.,基本句型 四+InO+D（主谓间宾直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直 接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为 S+V+DO+prep.+InO e.g.She gave me an apple.=She gave an
7、apple to me.,S V(Vt.)InO DOShe passed him a new dress.John 告诉我他的想法。John told me his idea.,基本句型 五+O（主谓宾宾补）特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾 语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一 个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。判断原则：能表达成宾语 是/做 e.g.We made him the manager.S,V,O,OC,S V(Vt.)O OCWe keep the table clean.I saw them getting on the bus.他让我马上回来。He asked m
8、e to come back soon.,典型例题分析,1.Plants need water.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.The flower is so fresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.They work hard.S+V(主+谓)4.He gives me some seeds.S+V+In O+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)5.We should keep the plants in the shade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)6.Many animals live in trees.S+V(主+谓),基本句型的扩展:e.g.We found the hall full
9、.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重
10、要报告。,made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.,_,同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：Hes getting angry.(S V P)Youll get a surprise.(S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet.(S V O C)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。(S V O）I found the boo
11、k easy.我觉得这本书很容易。（S V O C）,按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：简单句，并列句，复合句 e.g.1)The teachers name is Smith.2)The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John.3)He is Smith who likes going hiking.-4)He is Smith and he likes going hiking.5)Hurry up,or youll be late.6)I saw him when I walked past the street.7)He
12、often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.,简单句,并列句,复合句,并列句,并列句,复合句,复合句,I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do,but I want this diary to be my friend,and I shall call my friend Kitty.,S,V,_,_,O,_,Ad.,(,),S,_,V,S,V,O,_,_,OC,S,_,V,O,OC,并列复合句,Analyze the
13、sentences:I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky,the song of the birds,moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.,S,V,_,Oc,S,V,P,Ac,（,）,_,_,S,_,_,V,O,OC,Its no pleasure looking through these anylonger because nature is one thing that really must be experienced
14、.,S,V,P,_,_,_,S,Ad.C(状从),S,V,P,_,_,At.C(定从),At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.,S,(,),At.(定语),V,P,(,),At.(定语),Then gradually between about AD 800and 1150 English became less like Germanbecause those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.,S,V,P,Ad.C,S,V,O,_,(,),At.C(定从),HomeworkPreview Unit 1 Analyze 5 sentences,
