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1、Units 12Other countries，other cultures&Witnessing time,美文背诵 You may want to know what the letters“D.C.”mean when you hear people talking about Washington DC.They_mean_District_of_Columbia，which_is_the_administrative_region_in_which_the_US_capital_is_located.Washington DC.is the capital of America an
2、d is not，as you might expect，in the state of WashingtonWashington state is thousands of miles away on the Pacific Ocean.To_make_things_more_confusing，there_are_also_several_other_towns_called_Washin-gton_in_America.,Washington DC.has a population of 650,000，and is composed of nearly 500,000 black Am
3、ericans.The_city_has_little_heavy_industry_and_its_residents_are_mainly_engaged_in_light_and_service_industries，which_serve_the_need_of_the_federal_government_and_the_many_cultural_institutions.Government is the chief business in Washington DC.,When_you_take_your_first_look_at_the_capital，for_a_few_
4、moments_you_may_feel_that_you_have_stepped_back_in_time_to_ancient_Greece.Many of the beautiful buildings were built in the architectural style of ancient Greek temples，and stand in wide avenues amid trees and fountains.In Washington DC.，there are no huge skyscrapers，most of the buildings are museum
5、s or government offices.Famous landmarks include the Washington Monument，the Washington Cathedral，the Capitol Building，the Pentagon，the White House and the many memorials of famous Presidents.,.重点词汇1_vt.防御；保卫；保护；为辩护_ n防御；保卫2_ v结冰_(过去式)_(过去分词)_ adj.寒冷的3_ n文化_ adj.文化的_adj.多元文化的 4_ v使坐落于_ n位置5_ adj.永久的
6、_ adj.暂时,6_ v移居_ n移民7_ v保守；保护_ n保护_ adj.保守的；守旧的8_ v注册_ n注册；挂号9_ adj.绝对的_ adv.绝对地10_ n.&v出口_ n.&v进口11_ v参加_ n参与者12_ v偷_(过去式)_(过去分词)_ n小偷_ n偷窃,13_ v建设；施工_ n建设_ v重建14_ n象征_ v象征；标志15_ v任命；约定_ n任命；约定 16_ n仁慈_ adj.仁慈的17_ v撤销；收回_(过去式)_(过去分词),18_ v检阅_ n检阅19_ v装饰_ n装饰20_ adj.规则的_ adj.不规则的_ adv.规则地_ n规则,1defe
7、nd；defence2.freeze；froze；frozen；freezing3.culture；cultural；multicultural4.locate；location5.permanent；temporary6.immigrate；immigration7.conserve；conservation；conservative8.register；registration9.absolute；absolutely10.export；import11.participate；participant12.steal；stole；stolen；thief；theft13.construct
8、；construction；reconstruct14.symbol；symbolize15.appoint；appointment16.mercy；merciful17.withdraw；withdrew；withdrawn18.inspect；inspection19.decorate；decoration20.regular；irregular；regularly；regulation,.短语回顾1be abundant_富于2be located_位于；坐落于3be home_为的所在地4be shaped_像的形状5_ones fortune寻找发财(或成功)的机会6a handfu
9、l_一把；少数7owing_由于；归功于8be bound_必定；必然,9put_将抛在一旁；抛弃10be equipped_配备有11be short_是的缩写形式12_total总共；一共13be worthy_值得；应受14as far as.is/are_就而言15have an impact_对有影响16_particular尤其；特别17seize control_夺取对的控制权,18sentence sb._death判处某人死刑19in terms_在方面；从方面来说20cater_迎合；满足1in2.in3.to4.like5.seek6.of7.to8.to9.aside1
10、0.with11.for12.in13.of14.concerned15.on16.in17.of18.to19.of20.to,.佳句回顾1Canada is one of the largest countries in the world，_，and has always been famous for its fantastic_.加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一，国土面积仅次于俄罗斯，加拿大素来以其绚丽的自然风光闻名于世。,2There are old buildings，churches，narrow streets and alleys，_glass and steel and co
11、ncrete skyscrapers_.城里有古老的建筑、教堂，狭窄的街道和小巷，这些全都与用玻璃和钢铁混凝土建成的摩天大楼挨在一起。3The waterfalls，_a semicircle，are 670 metres wide，and fall 56 metres in an awesome_.尼亚加拉瀑布宽670米，落差56米，形成了一幅令人叹为观止的白色水幕，其中最大的瀑布形似一个半圆。,4The Australians devotion to sport，_，_that most of them actually do much sport.澳大利亚人热衷于体育运动，但这并不意味着
12、大多数澳大利亚人真的从事很多体育运动。5_，we_ancient Greek civilization_the capital city of Athens，the greatest symbol of which is the Acropolis.我们尤其要把古希腊文明与其都城雅典联系起来，而雅典最伟大的象征就是雅典卫城。,1second only to Russia；natural scenery2.all alongside；reaching upwards3.the largest of which is shaped like；white sheet of water 4.howev
13、er；does not mean5.In particular；associate；with,1defend vt.防御；保卫；保护；为辩护,【经典例句】The law allows people to defend_themselves_against a charge.法律允许人们对指控进行辩护。The wall was built to defend the garden from_being_damaged.修建围墙的目的是为了保护花园不被破坏。Would you fight in_defence_of your country?你愿意为保卫自己的国家而战吗？,【即时应用】完成句子(1
14、)Whenever out，the boss always takes a guard_(来保护他)(2)No lawyer is willing to be_(为他辩护)【答案】(1)to defend him(2)in defence of him,2owe vt.归功于；归因于；欠(1)owe sb.sth.(owe sth.to sb.)欠某人(2)owe it to sb.to do sth.应该为某人做某事(3)owe it to sb./sth.thatclause归功于,【经典例句】It is to my parents that I owe my success.我的成功归功
15、于父母。The debt that he owed_her could never be paid off.他欠她的债永远无法还清。I owe my friend D|S 100.(I owe D|S 100 to my friend.)我欠我朋友100美元。,【即时应用】翻译句子(3)多亏了她的帮助，我英语已取得了很大的进步。(owe it to.that)_(4)我应该解释一下这件事的来龙去脉。(owe it to sb.to do sth.)_(5)我认为你应当给我们一个解释。(owe sb.sth.；owe sth.to sb.)_,【答案】(3)I owe it to her hel
16、p that I have made rapid progress in English.(4)I owed it to myself to explain how the whole matter happened.(5)I think you owe us an explanation.(I think you owe an explanation to us.),3content adj.满足的；满意的(常作表语)pl.容纳的东西；目录 U内容 vt.使满足,【经典例句】No one is_content_with what he has.人的欲望无止境。Im content_to_re
17、main where I am now.我喜欢维持现状。We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only.我们决不能只满足于书本知识。They examined the_contents_of our suitcases before we got aboard the plane.在我们上飞机之前他们检查了我们的手提箱。,【即时应用】翻译句子(6)你对你现在的薪水满意吗？(be content with sth.)_(7)既然没有奶油，我们只好喝清咖啡算了。(content oneself with sth.)_(8)使人人
18、都满意是不可能的。(content)_,【答案】(6)Are you content with your present salary?(7)As theres no cream，well have to content ourselves with black coffee.(8)It is impossible to content everybody.,promise n妥协；和解；折中 v作出妥协；折中解决,【经典例句】Unless the union and the management can reach_a_compromise_on pay，there will be a st
19、rike.除非工会能够在薪金方面与管理层达成一个折中方案，否则定会有一场罢工。Some are good at evaluating，while others are good at compromising in conflicts.一些人擅长评估，而另一些人擅长在矛盾中做协调工作。,【即时应用】(9)The shortanswer test is a kind of_between the composition and selection types.AmixtureBcollectionCexplanation Dcompromise,(10)The disagreement abou
20、t the boundary between the two countries was settled by_.Acompound BconcentrationCreputation Dcompromise【答案】(9)D(10)D,5preference n.&v喜爱；偏爱n.偏爱的事物 have a preference for偏爱have a preference of sth.to/over another thing宁要某物而不要另一物give/show preference to给优先权in preference to优先于,【经典例句】She has a_preference_
21、for red.她特别喜欢红色。She tried not to show_preference_in her treatment of the children in her care.她对待她所照顾的孩子尽可能不厚此薄彼。His preference is for coffee rather than tea.他喜欢咖啡胜过茶。,【即时应用】(11)He has never liked meat，and has always had a(n)_for vegetables and fruit.Atrend BfeelingCidea Dpreference【答案】D,6appoint vt
22、.任命；委任；约定；指定(时间，地点),【经典例句】They appointed him(as)captain of the Argentine team.他们任命他为阿根廷队队长。She has recently been_appointed_to the committee.她最近被任命为委员会成员。A date for the meeting is still to be_appointed.会议日期尚待确定。She made_an_appointment for her son to see the doctor.她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。,【即时应用】完成句子(12)They _(
23、to be)manager.他们任命他为经理。(13)He _ his deputy in the city of York.他任命威廉姆斯作为他在约克市的代理人。(14)Our visitors arrived _.我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了。【答案】(12)appointed him(13)appointed Williams as(14)at the appointed time,7furnish vt.提供；用家具布置 furnish sth.为(房屋等)配备家具furnish sth.with sth.为配备be furnished with.(某房屋)配备有furnish sb.
24、with sth./furnish sth.to sb.向某人提供(某物或某情况)装备,【经典例句】The Three Gorges Power Station furnishes electricity to East China.三峡发电厂向华东地区供给电力。The room is_furnished_with the simplest necessaries，a bed，a chair and a table.房间里只布置了最简单的必需品，一张床，一把椅子和一张桌子。It will cost us a lot of money to furnish our new flat.买家具布置我
25、们的新公寓要花掉一笔钱。,furnish/supply/provide/offer表示“向某人提供某物”可以用以下几种常见结构：furnish sb.with sth./furnish sth.to(for)sb.supply sb.with sth./supply sth.to sb.provide sb.with sth./provide sth.for sb.offer sb.sth./offer sth.to sb.另外，offer后可跟动词不定式，即offer to do表示“主动提出做某事”，而其它词不可以。,【即时应用】用furnish/supply/provide/offer的
26、适当形式完成句子(15)Jeff_me a sandwich，which I refused politely.(16)Our company can_you with all the necessary details.(17)The UN has agreed to_emergency aid for the earthquakehit areas.(18)He_to drive me to St.Joseph，but I preferred to walk.【答案】(15)offered(16)supply/provide/furnish(17)provide(18)offered,8w
27、ithdraw vt.撤回；取回 vi.撤退；离开withdraw the application收回申请withdraw a bill(demand，offer)撤销议案(要求，建议)withdraw from the competition从竞争中退出withdraw ones hands from the hot stove把手从热火炉旁缩回withdraw troops from a place从某地撤军,【经典例句】Obama decided to draw_troops_from Iraq at last.奥巴马终于决定从伊拉克撤军了。Ill withdraw 1,000 yuan
28、 from the bank.我要从银行取1 000元。Liu Xiang had to withdraw from the race due to his ankle injury.刘翔因足踝受伤而被迫从比赛中退出。,【即时应用】翻译句子(19)他们决定把部队从前线撤退。_(20)他已把所有的钱从银行提了出来。_【答案】(19)They determined to withdraw the troops from the front.(20)He has withdrawn all the money from the bank.,9insurance n保险；保险业,【经典例句】He ha
29、s D|S 100,000 life_insurance，which his wife will receive if he dies first.他有10万美元的人寿保险，如果他先去世，他的妻子将得到这笔钱。People without_insurance had to pay for their own repairs.未投保者需自付修理费。I insured my new house against_fire.我将新房子投保了火险。,【即时应用】(21)All of the car owners have to insure their cars_accidents.Afor Bwith
30、Cabout Dagainst【答案】D,10transfer vt.&vi.转移；迁移 transfer.from从调动transfer.to向调动transfer.into把变换成transfer from.从转到transfer to迁到；转到,【经典例句】At London，we transferred_from the train to a bus.我们在伦敦下火车，改乘了汽车。The sum of money has been transferred_into my account.那笔钱已转到我的账上。All the wounded soldiers will transfer_
31、to a special hospital.所有伤员都将转到一个特别的医院治疗。,【即时应用】完成句子(22)The head office_Chicago to New York.总部已由芝加哥移至纽约。(23)Please have my luggage_the railway station.请把我的行李转到火车站去。(24)He was soon_another post.他很快被调职。,【答案】(22)has been transferred from(23)transferred to(24)transferred to,1be bound to 必定；必然【经典例句】Its bo
32、und_to_be sunny again tomorrow.明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。As citizens，we are_bound_to obey the law.作为公民，我们有义务遵守法律。,The plane is_bound_for New York.这架飞机是飞往纽约的。Our school is_bounded_on the left by a wood.我们学校左边依傍着一片树林。be bound for.准备去be/feel bound to do sth.应该做某事be bounded by.以为界,【即时应用】用bound的适当形式完成句子(25)The Asian Ga
33、mes being held in Guangzhou now_(一定会成功)(26)The train_(开往)Beijing.(27)The band_(注定要)close down，for it has not been well managed for a long time.【答案】(25)are bound to succeed(26)is bound for(27)is bound to,2cater to vt.投合；迎合【经典例句】They only publish the novels which cater_to teenagers.他们只出版适合青少年的小说。Our n
34、ewspapers try every means possible to cater_to all opinions.我们的报纸尽可能的尝试各种途径去满足各种观点的要求。The programs that the band is giving cater_to higher tastes.这个乐队所演奏的节目迎合高雅的趣味。,cater to，cater for，appeal to三个词作“迎合”讲时可以互用，后既可跟人，也可跟表示需求等名词。,【即时应用】翻译句子(28)该设计不是迎合感性而是理性。(appeal to)_(29)这家电脑供应厂商提供很好的售后服务以满足顾客的需求。(cat
35、er to/for sb.)_,(30)他经营一家饭馆，还为婚礼和聚会承办宴席。(cater for)_【答案】(28)The design does not appeal to emotion but to reason.(29)The computer supplier provides very good afterservice to cater to/for the customers.(30)He runs a restaurant and also caters for weddings and parties.,3associate.with.把和联系起来【经典例句】We of
36、ten associate China with the Great Wall.我们经常把中国与长城联系起来。What do you associate_with such a heavy snow?这样一场大雪你有什么联想？,【即时应用】完成句子(31)His English improved enormously because of his _ British people.因为他和英国人有来往，所以他的英语突飞猛进。(32)We are working _ a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.我们与许多
37、本地公司联合，为无家可归的人筹款。【答案】(31)association with(32)in association with,4be short for是的简称/缩写【经典例句】WWW is_short_for the World Wide Web.WWW是万维网的缩写。His names Maximilian，but we just call him Max for_short.他的名字叫马克西米利安，但我们简称他为马克斯。,be short of缺少；缺乏(be in short)for short简略为；简称为in shortin a few wordsbriefly简言之to be
38、 short简单地说cut short使中断；打断；阻止run short(物品)不足；短缺a short cut近路；捷径,【即时应用】完成句子(33)I_to go to school.我抄近路去上学。(34)We_water in the middle of the desert.我们在沙漠中心地带用光了水。(35)Im a little_at the moment.目前我的钱不大够用。【答案】(33)took a short cut(34)ran short of(35)short of money,1Montreal，a port in the province of Quebec，
39、is the second largest city in Canada，and also the second largest Frenchspeaking city in the world，Paris_being_the_largest.蒙特利尔，魁北克省内的港口城市，是加拿大第二大城市，也是世界上仅次于巴黎的第二大法语城市。,【句式分析】句中的Paris being the largest是由“名词v.ing”构成的独立主格结构。Time permitting，I could have done it better.时间允许的话，我本可以将它做得更好。Mother being ill，
40、Liu Mei had to stay at home to look after her.妈妈病了，刘梅得待在家里照顾她。,独立主格结构有下列形式：(1)名词/代词形容词I heard that she got injured in the accident，my heart full of worry.我听说她在这场事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。He stood silent in the moonlight，his door open.月光下，门开着，他默默地站立在那儿。,(2)名词/代词现在分词Winter coming，it gets colder and colder.冬天来了，天气
41、越来越冷了。The rain stopping，he went out for a walk.雨停了，他出去散步。(3)名词/代词过去分词More time given，we should have done it much better.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。The boy stood there，his right hand raised.那个男生站在那里，右手高举。,(4)名词/代词不定式Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month.这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。The two b
42、oys said goodbye to each other，one to go home，the other to go to his friends.两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。,(5)名词/代词介词短语The teacher entered the classroom，book in hand.那位老师手里拿着书走进了教室。(注意：这里book in hand还可以说成with a book in his hand，但不可以说a book in hand或book in his hand。)(6)名词/代词副词Nobody in，the thief took a
43、lot of things away.由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。His father back，he dared not watch TV.他爸爸回来了，他不敢看电视了。,(7)名词/代词名词He fought the wolf，a stick his only weapon.他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。He has two sons，one a soldier and the other a college student.他有两个儿子，一个是军人，另一个是大学生。,【即时应用】用独立主格结构完成句子(36)_，we felt relieved.工作做完后，我们感到很轻松。(3
44、7)_，everyone went home.会议结束了，大家都回家了。(38)_，we went out for a picnic.天气很好，所以我们出去野餐了。【答案】(36)The work done(37)The meeting over(38)The weather sunny,2The Western or Roman alphabet is a Greek invention，as_is_the_marathon，which is a long distance race named for a Greek messenger who ran from Marathon to A
45、thens to report a victory at the battle of Marathon in 490 BC.西方或罗马字母和马拉松一样是源于希腊，马拉松是以一个希腊信使命名的，他在公元前490年为了报告Marathon战争的胜利，从Marathon一直跑到Athens.,【句式分析】as is the Marathonso is the Marathon是倒装句。表示“也是”。(1)as/so表示肯定“也如此”。as/so情态动词/助动词/主语其他部分。If you go to work in the west region，so will/shall I.你如果去西部工作，我
46、也去。Rock music is OK，and so is skating.摇滚乐很好，溜冰也不错。,(2)但是，若前后系同一人或事就不倒装。It is a fine day.今天是晴天。So it is.是的。(3)如果前面讲述两种或以上的情况；或既有肯定又有否定时；则用So it is/was with.或It is/was the same with.。He is a good student and studies hard.So it is with you/Its the same with you.他是好学生，学习努力。你也是。,(4)表示“也不”，用nor/neither助动词
47、/情态动词主语。She couldnt work out the problem，and nor/neither could I.她解不出这道题，我也解不出。,【即时应用】(39)Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and_.AI was neither Bneither was ICI was either Deither was I(40)Toms room gets very cold at night._.ASo is mine BSo mine isCSo does mine DSo mine does【答案
48、】(39)B(40)C,.单词拼写1Troops have been sent to_(保卫)the borders of the country.2The country is_(丰富的)in sea food.3Sorry this seat is_(占用)4Which is your_(偏爱)，coffee or milk?5The bridge is under_(建设)6He was_(幸运的)to have had the chance of studying in Australia.,7_(住房)is more expensive in this city than in ou
49、rs.8All the students should obey rules and_(规章)of the school without exception.9You cant enter the boss office without_(允许)10Unless the contract is signed immediately，I shall_(收回)my offer.【答案】1.defend2.abundant3.occupied4.preference5.construction6.fortunate/lucky7.Accommodation8.regulations9.permiss
50、ion10.withdraw,.选词填空be fond of；be home to；cater to；fill out；be bound to；seize control of；in particular；be charged with；in terms of；part and parcel1Receptions are_of a secretarys job.2Xiao Shenyangs performances_popular taste.3Will you please_the questionnaires?4They wanted to_the company by acquirin
