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1、完形填空专项,（一）大纲解读,测试要求：A.能在全面理解所给短文内容的基础上，选择一个最佳答案使短文意思和结构完整。B.考试时间为10分钟。测试形式：本部分采用选择题。在一篇约250个单词、题材熟悉、难度中等的短文中留出10个空格。每个空格为一题，要求学生从所给的词库中选择最佳答案。测试目的：测试学生的综合语言知识和技能。文章选材特点：专业四级请按行天空选用的文章一般来自英美主流报纸杂志，语言地道，逻辑条理清晰。文体以记叙文、说明文及议论文为主。,（二）完形填空5大答题步骤,1.通览全文，把握要旨记叙文：时间、地点、人物就是关键词，注意抓住故事的线索；议论文：作者的观点或者立场是关键，要特别注
2、意文章首尾及各段主题句；说明文：所介绍的事物的特征是关键。2.按词性对词库中的备选项进行分类3.通过语法分析确定空格所填词词性4.综合考虑，选出答案5.对照全文，检查答案,（三）利用语法知识确定词性和词形,一、如何确定空白处为动词1.n./pron.vt.n./pron./to do/-ing2.n./pron.vi.（空格后无宾语）3.n./pron.vi.adv./prep.（与副词/介词搭配）4.n./pron.link v./be adj.5.to v./-ing例：We rarely(34)_ to consider why or how they rununtil somethin
3、g goes wrong.（应填入一个动词原形）,（三）利用语法知识确定词性和词形,二、如何确定空白处为分词1.has/have/had/p.p.2.be p.p.(被动语态）3.p.p.n.或 n.p.p.（作形容词修饰限定名词）4.be v.-ing（进行时态）5.v.-ing n.或 n.v.-ing（作形容词修饰限定名词）例：Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark,powerless to do anything;lifts stopped working,so that even if you wer
4、e lucky enough not to be(36)_ between two floors,（根据结构可填入adj./v.-ing/p.p.，再根据语义作判断应填入p.p.trapped。）,（三）利用语法知识确定词性和词形,三、如何确定空白处为名词1.a/an/the/adj./vt.n.2.n.v.（主语）3.prep.n.(介词宾语，此处也可以是动名词）例：For a great many hours,life came almost to a(35)_.(应填入可数名词单数）,（三）利用语法知识确定词性和词形,四、如何确定空白处为形容词1.adj.n.或 n.adj.2.adv.
5、adj.（此处也可是分词）3.be/link v.adj.4.adj.adj.n.(两个形容词共同修饰名词）例：In the home,many(32)_devices are powered by electricity.（可填入形容词做前置定语）,（三）利用语法知识确定词性和词形,五、如何确定空白处为副词1.adv.v.或 v.adv.2.adv.adj.3.adv.句子例：Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are(33)_asleep,electricity is working for us,driving our refrigera
6、tors,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.（应填入副词修饰asleep）。,（四）完形填空解题技巧,一、确定积极还是消极意义，缩小选择范围例：People were afraid to leave their houses,for although the police had been ordered to(stand by)in case of emergency,they were just as confused and(40)_ as anybody else.（根据confused作判断，应为消极意义，需
7、选择与confused 并列的形容词）,（四）完形填空解题技巧,二、利用词库中同词性的形近词例：Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the character of every modern city.In the home,many(32)_ devices are powered by electricity.(labor-saving;money-saving)(根据语义判断形近词 money-saving 为干扰项，应选labor-saving),（四）完形填空解题技巧,三、利用词库中的近义词或反义词例：In the
8、 summer of 1959,something did go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity.For a great many hours,life came almost to a(35)_.(pause;standstill)（根据a判断应填入名词，从for a great many hours 推敲应该是停滞不前而不是暂停，故选standstill),（四）完形填空解题技巧,四、利用词汇复现原词同义词近义词上义词下义词,A.looking B.focus on C.various D
9、.extensive E.region F.differences.G.famous H.enormous I.entire J.overall K.neither L.exactly M.need.N.either O.geography,Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land.Geographers compare and contrast(1)_places on the earth.But they also go beyond the individual places and co
10、nsider the earth as a whole.The word geography comes from two Greek words,ge,the Greek word for“earth”and graphein,which means“to write”.The English word geography means“to describe the earth”.Some geography books(2)_a small area like a town or city.Others deal with a(3)_,a state,a nation,or an(4)_c
11、ontinent.Many geography books deal with the whole earth.Another way to divide the study of(5)_ is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography.The former focuses on the natural world;the latter starts with human beings and studies how human beings and their environment act upon e
12、ach other.But when geography is considered as a single subject,(6)_branch can neglect the other.A geographer might be described as one who observes,records,and explains the(7)_between places.If all places were alike,there would be little(8)for geographers.We know,however,that no two places are(9)_th
13、e same.Geography,then,is a point of view,a special way of(10)_at places.,A.looking B.focus on C.various D.extensive E.region F.differences.G.famous H.enormous I.entire J.overall K.neither L.exactly M.need.N.either O.geography,Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land.Geo
14、graphers compare and contrast(1)_places on the earth.But they also go beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a whole.The word geography comes from two Greek words,ge,the Greek word for“earth”and graphein,which means“to write”.The English word geography means“to describe the earth”.So
15、me geography books(2)_a small area like a town or city.Others deal with a(3)_,a state,a nation,or an(4)_continent.Many geography books deal with the whole earth.Another way to divide the study of(5)_ is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography.The former focuses on the natura
16、l world;the latter starts with human beings and studies how human beings and their environment act upon each other.But when geography is considered as a single subject,(6)_branch can neglect the other.A geographer might be described as one who observes,records,and explains the(7)_between places.If a
17、ll places were alike,there would be little(8)_ for geographers.We know,however,that no two places are(9)_the same.Geography,then,is a point of view,a special way of(10)_at places.,v.-ing,v.p,adj.,adj.,n,n.pl,adj.,adj.,adj.,n./adj./adv,pron./adj.,adv.,v./n,pron./adj.,n,C,B,E,I,O,K,F,M,L,A,What do we
18、mean by a perfect English pronunciation?In one(1)_there are as many different kinds of English as there are speakers of it.No two speakers speak in(2)_the same way,we can always hear differences between them,and the pronunciation of English(3)_a great deal in different(4)_areas.How do we decide what
19、 sort of English to use as a(5)_?This is not a question that can be answered in the same way for all foreign learners of English.If you live in a part of the world,like India or West Africa,where there is a long tradition of speaking English for(6)_communication purposes,you should tend to(7)_a good
20、 variety of the pronunciation of this area.It would be a(8)_in these circumstances to use as a model BBC English or things of the sort.On the other hand,if you live in a country where there is no traditional use of English,you must take as your model some form of native English pronunciation.It does
21、 not(9)_very much which form your choose.The most(10)_way is to take as your model the sort of English you can hear most often.,A.varies B.general C.meaning D.situation E.possibility F.model G.acquire H.sense I.nonsense J.effective K.exactly L.geographical M.sensitive N.affect O.matter,What do we me
22、an by a perfect English pronunciation?In one(1)_there are as many different kinds of English as there are speakers of it.No two speakers speak in(2)_the same way,we can always hear differences between them,and the pronunciation of English(3)_a great deal in different(4)_areas.How do we decide what s
23、ort of English to use as a(5)_?This is not a question that can be answered in the same way for all foreign learners of English.If you live in a part of the world,like India or West Africa,where there is a long tradition of speaking English for(6)_communication purposes,you should tend to(7)_a good v
24、ariety of the pronunciation of this area.It would be a(8)_in these circumstances to use as a model BBC English or things of the sort.On the other hand,if you live in a country where there is no traditional use of English,you must take as your model some form of native English pronunciation.It does n
25、ot(9)_very much which form your choose.The most(10)_way is to take as your model the sort of English you can hear most often.,A.varies B.general C.meaning D.situation E.possibility F.model G.acquire H.sense I.nonsense J.effective K.exactly L.geographical M.sensitive N.affect O.matter,v.,adj.,adj.,adj.,adj.,v.-ing/n/adj,n,n,vt.,vt./n,n,n,vt./n,vt./n,adv.,H,K,A,L,F,B,G,I,O,J,
