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1、Hyponymy-上下义关系,Outline,Definition of hyponymySuperordinate and subordinate Use of superordinate and subordinate Some details out of the book,Hyponymy 上下义关系,Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word.
2、,Hyponym(subordinate)下义词,Hyperonym(superordinate)上义词,Example,rose,lily,tulip,flower,Example,parrot,sparrow,oriole,bird,Attention:,Hyponymy can be describes in terms of tree-like graphs,with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinate.Their status either as superordinate or subordinate is
3、 relative to other terms.,Tree-like graphs,Living things,creature,plant,animal,insect,horse,dog,pig,cockroach,mare,vegetable,flower,tree,cabbage,rose,pine,hound,swine,Trees surround the water near our summer place.Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin.I met a writer who is the relation of
4、 a politician.I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley.,usage,Subordinates:concrete precise vivid Superordinate:general vague However,this does not mean that subordinate are better than superordinate.,usage,She likes dogs and other animals.There is no flower more beautiful th
5、an a rose.I like all fruits except bananas.She reads book all day mostly novels.,usage,Distinction:Hyponymy and Meronymy,Meronymy mrnm n.the semantic relation that holds between a part and the whole 整体部分关系,1、the relationship between the whole and its membership 整体和成员之间的关系,e.g.学生 小学生、中学生、大学生.车 轿车、客车、吉普车、卡车.Hyponymy 构成上下义,2、the relationship between the whole and its component 整体与其构件的关系,e.g.火车车头、车厢、车尾 人头、胳膊、手、脚部分代表不了整体，不能构成上下义关系,钢琴、小提琴、长笛乐器Musical instruments钢笔、粉笔笔Pen chalk-没有对应的上义词,Attention,Attention:,词的上下义关系和词义表达的团体与成员或单位和部门的关系区别开例：消防队消防员 班级学生 大学系 医院外科 不是上下义关系,Reference,Thank you!,
