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1、英语阅读理解真题考研二级 英语阅读理解真题考研二级1Text3Even in traditional offices，the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago， said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn She sta rted spinning off examples.If you and I pa rachuted back
2、to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didnt talk about energy;we didnt talk about passion.Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabula ry is very te
3、am-oriented-and not by coincidence.Lets not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，its still a big deal. Its not explicitly conscious;its the idea that Im a coach，and youre my team，and were in this togethec. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of the
4、mselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana points out，increase allegiance to the firm.You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and relig
5、ious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，saidKhuranaThis new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The mommy wars of the 1990s a re still going on today, prompting arguments about whywomen still ca
6、nthave it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In，whose title has become abuzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But ifyour work is your passion, youII be more likely to devote yourself
7、 to it，even ifthat means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bedBut this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，butmanage rs love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb itAs Nunberg said，You can get people to think its nons
8、ense at the same timethat you buy into it. In a workplace thats fundamentally indiffe rent to your lifeand its meaning office speak can help you figu re out how you relate to yourwork-and how your work defines who you are31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_Amore e motionalBmore
9、objectiveCless energeticDless energeticEless strategic32.team-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_Ahistorical incidentsBgender differenceCsports cultureDathletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to_Arevive historical termsBpromote company imageCf
10、oster corporate cooperationDstrengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In_Avoices for working womenBappeals to passionate workaholicsCtriggers dcbates among mommiesDpraises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?AManagers admire it but avoi
11、d itBLinguists believe it to be nonsenseCCompanies find it to be fundamentalDRegular people mock it but accept it英语阅读理解真题考研二级2Text 3That everyones too busy these days is a clich. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: Theres never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier i
12、s that the usual time-management techniques dont seem sufficient. The webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times.” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesnt work. Sit down to read and the flywhee
13、l of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else youre so exhausted that a challenging books the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communicationIt is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually incli
14、ned to interruption.” Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which cant be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any g
15、iven moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and youll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not
16、 the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without bei
17、ng filled, we will have wasted them.” No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. Youd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outsi
18、de times flow” into “soul time.” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to
19、 take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if youre “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques dont work because .A what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB what c
20、hallenging books demand is repetitive readingC what people often forget is carrying a book with themD what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .A update their to-do listsB make passing time fulfillingC carry their plan
21、s throughD pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .A encourage the efficiency mind-setB develop online reading habitsC promote ritualistic readingD achieve immersive reading34. “Carry a book with you at all times”can work if .A reading becomes y
22、our primary business of the dayB all the daily business has been promptly dealt withC you are able to drop back to business after readingD time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be .A How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB How to Find Time to ReadC How to Set Rea
23、ding GoalsD How to Read Extensively英语阅读理解真题考研二级3Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be
24、important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, prefe
25、rably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli arent exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few millisec
26、onds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else were doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Y
27、et we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to r
28、eject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman reall
29、y wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or
30、for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasnt changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time
31、needed in making decisions may_.A vary according to the urgency of the situationB prove the complexity of our brain reactionC depend on the importance of the assessmentD predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions_.A can be associativeB are
32、 not unconsciousC can be dangerousD are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should_.A trust our first impressionB do as people usually doC think before we actD ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on_.A critical assessme
33、ntBthin sliced studyC sensible explanationD adequate information35. The authors attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is_.A tolerantB uncertainC optimisticD doubtful英语阅读理解真题考研二级4Text 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditiona
34、l “paid” media such as television commercials and print advertisements still play a major role， companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with it
35、s Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media ， such marketers act as the initiator for users responses. But in some cases， one marketers owned media
36、 become another marketers paid media for instance， when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ，which we believe
37、is still in its infancy， effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson Johnson， for example， has created BabyCenter， a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating in
38、come， the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective， gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marketing， and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided mark
39、eters with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker， more visible， and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media： an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers， o
40、ther stakeholders， or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks， for instance， are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens， passionate consumers would try to persuade other
41、s to boycott products， putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case， the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful， and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor， for example， alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year wit
42、h a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign， which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they areA obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspir
43、ed by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2，sold media featureA a safe business environment.B random competition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organ
44、ization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned mediaA invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C may be responsible for fiercer competition.D deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motors experience is ci
45、ted as an example ofA responding effectively to hijacked media.B persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?A Alternatives to conventional paid media.B Conflict between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.英语考研二级
