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1、英语考研二级阅读理解真题 英语考研二级阅读理解真题1Text 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students
2、 are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created a paradox in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has conti
3、nued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that a
4、n approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 stu
5、dents(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsity.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this
6、 was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degreeTheir thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to
7、 deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-gene ration studentsstruggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn therules of the ga
8、me，and take advantage of college resou rces, they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages dont talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational expe
9、 rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students like them can improve26. Recruiting more first-generation students hasAreduced their d ropout ratesBnarrowed the achievement gaoC missed its original pu rposeDdepressed college stude
10、nts27 The author of the research article are optimistic becauseAthe problem is solvableBtheir approach is costlessq the recruiting rate has increasedDtheir finding appeal to students28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration studentsAstudy at private universitiesBare from single-pa rent famil
11、iesq are in need of financial supportDhave failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation studentsAa re actually indifferent to the achievement gapBcan have a potential influence on othe r studentsC may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projectsDare inexperienc
12、ed in handling their issues at college30.We mayinfer from the last paragraph that-Auniversities often rect the culture of the middle-classBstudents are usually to blame for their lack of resourcesCsocial class g reatly helps en rich educational experiencesDcolleges are partly responsible for the pro
13、blem in question英语考研二级阅读理解真题2Text 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think youre more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to resea
14、rch into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with othersall obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselv
15、es into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking were hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rath
16、er that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occ
17、urring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence th
18、at, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who s
19、howed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I dont think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “Its a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves. If you are depressed, you wont be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Eple
20、y s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they dont even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancers paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,b
21、eauty, intellect and lifestyle its not that peoples profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of WisconMadison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that _.A our self-ratings are unrealistically highB ill
22、usory superiority is baseless effectC our need for leadership is unnaturalD self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be peoples_A rapid watchingB conscious choiceC intuitive responseD automatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tend
23、ed to_A underestimate their insecuritiesB believe in their attractivenessC cover up their depressionsD oversimplify their illusions29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_.AinstinctivelyBoccasionallyCparticularlyDaggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhan
24、cers paradise because people can _.Apresent their dishonest profilesBdefine their traditional life stylesCshare their intellectual pursuitsDwithhold their unflattering sides英语考研二级阅读理解真题3Text 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many
25、folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “ucce
26、lli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We dont need mor
27、e categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop picker
28、s, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among todays birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can man
29、age to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them
30、to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle groun
31、d and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who_A immigrate across the Atlantic.B leave their home countries for good.C stay in a
32、 foregin temporaily.D find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US_A needs new immigrant categories.B has loosened control over immigrants.C should be adopted to meet challenges.D has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the a
33、uthor, todays birds of passage want_A fiancial incentives.B a global recognition.C opportunities to get regular jobs.D the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated _A as faithful partners.B with economic favors.C with regal tolerance.D as mig
34、hty rivals.30 选出最适合*的标题A come and go: big mistake.B living and thriving : great risk.C with or without : great risk.D legal or illegal: big mistake.英语考研二级阅读理解真题4Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August， his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloakin
35、g his exit in the usual vague excuses， he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision，” McGee says. Within two weeks， he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group， which
36、 named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and
37、 American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure， executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague
38、pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold， deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter， CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had， according to Liberum Research
39、. As the economy picks up， opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Ko
40、rn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：“I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age， saying she wanted to b
41、e a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top perfor
42、mers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are， but thats been fundamentally inverted，” says one headhunter. “The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.”26. When McG
43、ee announced his departure， his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2， senior executives quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relatio
44、ns with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3， Paragraph 4) most probably meansAapproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dits safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?ACEOs： Where to Go?BCEOs： All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a NetDThe Only Way Out for Top Performers英语考研
