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1、语法专题十三特殊句式,-2-,考点一,考点二,一,二,三,四,五,六,一、倒装,考点一完全倒装1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词,如:there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首,句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词,可将谓语全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时,不倒装。There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made.仍然有已经出错的可能。(2014浙江名校联盟第一次联考)Look!From opposite the street come two kids,screa
2、ming in panic.看!两个孩子从街对面过来,(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常用全部倒装。South of the city lies a factory.城市的南面有家工厂。,-3-,考点一,考点二,一,二,三,四,五,六,4.表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。(1)形容词+连系动词+主语Present at the meeting were some experts.到会的是一些专家。(2)过去分词+连系动词+主语Gone are the days when we walked to work.我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。(3
3、)介词短语+连系动词+主语Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys.货物中有花,蜡烛和玩具。,-4-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点二部分倒装1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not only,not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等表示否定意义的词组开头,要用部分倒装语序。Never will he come back to the facto
4、ry.他永远也不会回到这家工厂了。(2014大纲全国)Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.护士们不仅想要增加报酬,她们也想要减少工作时间。2.当句子用so,nor,neither开头,说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时,主语和谓语部分倒装。Tom likes English,and so do I.汤姆喜欢英语,我也喜欢英语。,-5-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,3.在so/such.that引导的结果状语从句中,为了强调,把so/such提到句首时,主谓要
5、倒装。So moved was she that she could not say a word.她感动得一句话都说不出来。So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序,即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,做表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。,-6-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一
6、,考点二,5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him.如果你早来几分钟,你就能看见他了。6.当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”用在句首时不倒装。(2015天津)Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.直到莉莉走进办公室,她才意识到自己把合
7、同落在家里了。Only you can help me.只有你能帮助我。,-7-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功!8.neither.nor.连接两个并列分句时,这两个分句都要用倒装形式。Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我既不知道这件事,也不关心这件事。,-8-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,二、省略,考点一不定式中的省略1.单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词,常用在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,l
8、ike,love,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish等词后;或放在表情绪的词后,代替被省略的动词,常见词有glad,happy,pleased等;但是,如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,则不应省略。,-9-,一,二,三,四,五,六,(2013课标全国)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那个司机想在路边停车,但是警察不让(他停在那儿)。He is not a lawyer now,but he used to
9、be.他现在已不是律师了,但他曾经是。Your work hasnt been handed in,but it ought to have been.你的作业还没交,但早该上交了。,考点一,考点二,-10-,一,二,三,四,五,六,2.感官动词或使役动词(feel,notice,see,hear,let,make,have等)后接不定式做宾语补足语时常省略to。I heard my father sing in the kitchen.我听见爸爸在厨房里唱歌。3.在由and或or连接的并列不定式结构中常省略后面的to。I want to finish my homework and go h
10、ome.我想完成作业然后回家。4.在do nothing but,cant help but,why not,would rather.than.,had better等句型中省略to。The little boy could do nothing but cry.小男孩只能哭,别无他法。,考点一,考点二,-11-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点二状语从句中的省略1.在由when,while,if,as if,although/though,as,until,once,whether,when,where等引导的状语从句中,当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语含有be时,可
11、省略状语从句的主语和be。When(he was)young,he helped his parents do a lot of housework.他小的时候帮父母干了很多家务活。2.当从句的主语是it,谓语动词是be动词时,可以把it和be一起省略。此时构成“连词+形容词”的结构。Though(it was)cold,he still wore a shirt.尽管天冷,但他仍然穿着一件衬衣。Please call me if(it is)necessary.如果需要,请给我打电话。,-12-,一,二,三,四,五,六,3.在if so/not省略句式中,用so/not代替上文的内容。Get
12、 up early tomorrow.If not(=If you dont get up early tomorrow),you will miss the early bus.明天早点起床,不然的话,你就会错过早班车。,考点一,考点二,-13-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点三,三、强调,考点一强调句的基本构成强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分指物时,用that。如:It was John who(that)wore his best suit to the dance last
13、night.是约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会。It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会的。,-14-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点二强调句的疑问句形式强调句的一般疑问句形式为“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”;特殊疑问句形式为“特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who+其他成分”。Was it in high school that you began playing basketball?你是不是在高中的时候
14、开始打篮球的?Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back?你回来之后把手机放在什么地方了?,-15-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点三not.until.结构在强调句中not.until.结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not与until要放在一起。(2015重庆)Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.巴赫于1750年
15、去世,但直到19世纪早期他的音乐才华才受到普遍认可。It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him.直到他把太阳镜摘下来我才将其认了出来。,-16-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,四、反意疑问句,考点一陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句1.当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致。He said that they would come to my birthday party,didnt he?他说他们要来参加我的生日聚会,是吗?2.当陈述部分主句的谓语动词是think,bel
16、ieve,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;当陈述部分主句的主语为第二、三人称时,后面的疑问部分的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。They dont believe he will succeed,do they?他们不相信他会成功,是吗?,-17-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点二陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定词时,反意疑问部分用肯定形式。但带
17、有表示否定意义的前缀构成的词时,其反意疑问部分用否定形式。He could hardly speak English,could he?他几乎不会说英语,是吗?He dislikes playing the piano,doesnt he?他不喜欢弹钢琴,是吗?,-18-,一,二,三,四,五,六,五、祈使句1.祈使句+and+简单句表示“如果就”Do that again and Ill call a policeman.你再那样做我就要叫警察了。2.祈使句+or+简单句表示“否则”Put it down,or Ill smack you.把它放下来,不然我会揍你。注意:有时名词短语可以看作是
18、祈使句。A few more minutes and I will finish the work.再给我几分钟我就会完成这项工作。,-19-,一,二,三,四,五,六,六、感叹句1.What a(n)+adj.+单数名词+主语+谓语!What an interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事啊!What a happy day it is!多么快乐的一天啊!2.What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!What beautiful butterflies they are!多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊!3.How+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语!How tall a boy he
19、 is!这个男孩真高啊!4.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!How well she plays!她演奏得多好啊!,-20-,.根据语境和括号内的提示完成句子1.(2015江苏改编)It might have saved me some trouble had I known(I know)the schedule.2.(2015湖南改编)Always keep(keep)in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.3.(2015安徽江南十校联考改编)Dont forget to put the to
20、ols back where they were after you have finished your work,will you?4.(2015湖南衡阳五校联考改编)It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.5.(2015福州第二次质检改编)It is not until I have got all the information that I can make further comments.,解析,-21-,6.(2015安徽江淮十校联考改编)It was only wh
21、en I watched Inception a second time that I had a better understanding of what it was talking about.7.(2015安徽淮北二模改编)Take(Take)a deep breath and you will immediately feel the spring in the air.8.(2014重庆改编)I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during you
22、r stay,didnt you?9.(2014湖南改编)Its not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.10.(2014福建改编)It was the culture,rather than the language,that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.,解析,-22-,.完成句子1.所有的英国人都通晓自己的语言,这绝不是真的。By no means is it tr
23、ue that all English people know their own language well.2.他很少去看电影。Seldom does he go to see a film.3.只有这样你才能解决这个问题。Only in this way can you solve this problem.4.你认为会下雨吗?我希望不下。Do you think it will rain?I hope not.,-23-,5.汤姆,你去把衣服洗了!Tom,you wash the clothes!6.直到她母亲回来,她才上床睡觉。It was not until her mother came back that she went to bed.7.玛丽要结婚了。是的。我也要结婚了。Mary will get married.So she will.And so will I.8.如有必要,请给我打电话。If necessary,please call me.,-24-,9.今天天气真好!What a nice day today!10.你觉得这本书很好,不是吗?You think the book is very good,dont you?,
