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1、第三章 名词的抽象和具体译法,名词的抽象译法,具体名词,抽象名词,（化实为虚）,从语义角度出发，汉语中名词倾向于具体，许多表示具体概念的词语往往有泛指意义或引申意义。翻译时用表示泛指意义的概括词语或表示引申意义的词语表达。,张三李四绫罗绸缎生米煮成熟饭木已成舟,-ment-tion-ism-ity-ence,名词的抽象译法,1,名词抽象译法,一、名词抽象译法,实例:,汉语命名中倾向于增加范畴词,如问题、态度、局势、“现象”等,这 些词有的是出于表达形象具体的需要,有的则是修辞上的需要，没有实质意义。英译时都可以用抽象的词语来表达，进行抽象化处理。,二、成语和习语的抽象译法,with big b
2、ranches and large leaves 正译：to be crude and careless with a vast sea and boundless sky 正译：to talk with random with a solitary spear and a single horse 正译：to be single-handed in doing sth,单枪匹马:,海阔天空:,粗枝大叶:,二、成语和习语的抽象译法,两袖清风译文1：clean hands译文2：free from wrong-doing(or guiltless),练习：,灯红酒绿,灌迷汤,鸟语花香,a fin
3、e spring day,老古董,old fashioned person,dissipated and luxurious,butter sb.up,三、抽象译法句子翻译,我们要重视沿海与内地的贫富差距问题.,译文2：We must pay close attention to the gap between coastal and inland areas.,译文1：We must pay close attention to the problem of the gap between coastal and inland areas.,“差距问题”进行了抽象化处理类似的范畴词语有：任务
4、、现象、因素、态度、活动、状况等.,练习：,他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动。,Their optimism moved us greatly.,三、抽象译法句子翻译,例：我明白许多家庭今天都意识到他们家中少了人.,I knew that many families today were conscious of absences.,例：我知道我会碰到严寒酷暑。,I knew I would encounter extremes of weather.,例：只要你嫁给我，鸡鸭鱼肉，绫罗绸缎，一辈子享受不尽。,If you are willing to marry me,you will enj
5、oy the luxuries all your life.,三、抽象译法句子翻译,练习：,1.不知黄连苦，怎知蜂蜜甜。,Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet.,2.我们都来自五湖四海。,We are from all corners of the country.,3.对于他向你做出这种粗陋无礼的行为，我深感抱歉。,I am sorry for the rudeness of his behavior toward you.,名词的抽象译法,具体名词到抽象名词的转换实则是形象思维到抽象思维的转换。汉语名词倾向于具体，而英语则倾
6、向于抽象，因此，英译时，在无法保留形象的情况下，要采取抽象的意译处理，以求双语符号的语义对应，让译文忠实通顺。,名词的具体译法,具体译法是指在翻译过程中把原文中抽象或者是比较抽象的单词、词组、成语或者句子用具体或者比较具体的单词、词组或者句子来进行翻译。,1.词语具体译法的例子,快活的人 a jolly dog微不足道的人 a small potato正派的人 the quite and clean potato棘手的事情 hot potatoes,2.名词具体译法句子翻译实例,她是个无用而又累赘的人。She is a white elephant.山姆知道不论境遇如何，他都可把家庭作为靠山。Sam knows he can depend on his family,rain or shine.,
