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1、语气是谓语动词的一种形式，表明说话的目的和意图。英语中有四种语气：1）陈述语气（the indicative Mood）;China is a great country.2)疑问语气（the Interrogative Mood）;Are you from the south?3)祈使语气（the Imperative Mood）;Come in and take a seat.4)虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）,四种语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿
2、望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,If he had driven more carefully,he would not have had the car accident yesterday.,I wish I were as tall as you.,本节主要的学习内容：If状语从句中的虚拟语气1.时态问题2.错综时间的虚拟句3.省略 if 的条件从句4.含蓄虚拟条件句,The Subjunctive Mood Used in If-Clause,-by Hongmei,虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)。表示与事实相反的条件。分
3、三种情况(以 do 为例)：,Right.Our life wouldnt be so easy if we didnt have a computer.,People have become more informed than ever before with the development of computer science.,According to the picture,we learn that:1.Our life wouldnt be so easy if we didnt have a computer.(The fact is:A computer makes our
4、 life easy.),People have become more informed than ever before with the development of computer science.,Right.Our life wouldnt be so easy if we didnt have a computer.,How nice it would be if we could get rid of all kinds of viruses.,According to the picture,we learn that:1.Our life wouldnt be so ea
5、sy if we didnt have a computer.(The fact is:A computer makes our life easy.)2.It would be much better if we could get rid of all kinds of viruses.(The fact is:We cant possibly get rid of all kinds of viruses.),Sorry,I didnt pass yesterdays test.,If you had been a bit more careful,you would have done
6、 much better,If the boy had been a bit more careful in yesterdays test,he would have done much better.(The fact is:The boy was not so careful in yesterdays test,and he didnt do well.),1.If I had HIV,I would know because I would feel sick.2.If I were you,I would give AIDS patient a hug.3.If I had tak
7、en your advice,I wouldnt have made a mistake.4.If he had been there,it wouldnt have happened.,（与现在事实相反）,（与过去事实相反）,5.If it should rain tomorrow,they wouldnt go for an outing.6.I think we could do it,if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.7.If we were to have three days off,we would enjo
8、y a very happy life.,(与将来事实相反),区别:,If it rains tomorrow,the crops will be saved.I must leave if that is the case.You will forgive me if I have given you pain.,If it rained tomorrow,the crops would be saved.If you didnt stay up so late every evening,you feel so sleepy in the morning.,陈述语气,虚拟语气,c.If t
9、he policeman _(be not)in that room now,it _(be)very dangerous.d.If I _(be)in your position at this time,I _(ask)for teachers help.,a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.b.If the world-war _(burst)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?,were,would take,burst,would happen,were not,could
10、be,were,would ask,PRACTICE 1:Fill in the blanks,e.If Tom _(be)more careful in the exam,he _(pass)it already.f.If you _(get)up earlier,you _(catch)the first train.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,错综时间的虚拟句,通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式，又称为混合条
11、件句。,If I(take)my raincoat with me this morning,I(not be)wet now.,had taken,would not be,1.If I were you,I would have taken his advice.(从句指现在,主句指过去)。2.If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years,things wouldnt be going so smoothly.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。3.If it hadnt been for her care,I should not be
12、speaking to you now.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。4.If we had not got everything ready by now,we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow.（从句指现在，主句指将来）,1.如果过去天气好的话，现在庄稼长得更好了 If the weather _(be)finer,the crops _(grow)still better.2.如果你听了老师的建议的话，你现在就不会在医院里了 If you _(follow)the teachers advice,you _(be)in the h
13、ospital.3.如果你身体状况好一些的话，我们本可能会让你去帮助他们工作的 If you(be)in better health,we _(allow)you to go there to help their work.,had been,would be growing,had followed,wouldnt be,were,could have allowed,PRACTICE 2:Fill in the blanks,省略 if 的条件从句,当从句中有 were,had 或 should 时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。,If I were to meet him tomorr
14、ow,I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time,he would try again.Should he fail in the experimentIf you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.Had you come a few.,含蓄虚拟条件句,But for his pension,he would starve.有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是
15、暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：but for,without,otherwise,or等。,1.如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。But for your advice,I could not have done it so successfully.Without your advice,Thanks for your advice,or I If it had not been for your advice,2.没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化The change could not have taken place without the open
16、-door policy.If it had not been for the open-door policy,3.我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。I was so busy then,Otherwise,I would have told him the answer.If I had not been so busy then,4.What would I have done without you?(条件暗含在分词短语without you中)5.It would be easier to do it this way.(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中
17、)6.We would have succeeded.(暗含if we had kept trying)7.This same thing,happening in wartime,would lead to a disaster.(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中)8.Alone,he would have been terrified.(暗含条件是alone)9.I would have written long before,but I have been ill.(条件暗含在but的并列句中),Conclusion,PRACTICE 3:,1.It was
18、the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy.He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.A.not take B.hadnt takenC.didnt takeD.shouldnt have taken2.If the United States had built more homes for poor people in1955,the housing problems now in some parts of this country_ so serious.A.wouldnt be B.w
19、ill not have been C.wouldnt have been D.would have not been3_,man could not live at all.A were it not for the sun.B if it was for the sun.C had it not been for the sun.D if it shouldnt be for the sun,.6.I lost your address,otherwise Iyou long before.A.had visited B.have visited C.would have visited
20、D.should visit7.I _ you some money,but I hadnt got any then.A.would lend B.would have lent C.could lend D.may have lent8.If it were not for the fact that she _ sing,I would invite her to the party.(2006 福建)A.couldnt B.could C.cant D.might not9._ fired,your health care and other benefits would be imm
21、ediately cut off.(2006 湖北)A.Would you be B.Should you be C.Could you be D.Might you be10.If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to,Id like to go to Tibet and travel as much of it as possible.(2005 湖北)A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to,11.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _
22、in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(2002上海)A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall12.What would have happened _,as far as the river bank?(2001 上海)A.Bob had walked farther B.if Bob should walk farther C.had Bob walk farther C.if Bob wal
23、ked farther13.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.(2001 上海春)A.had scored B.scored C.would score D.would have scored 14.Yesterday,Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she _ something she would regret later.(1996 上海)A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said,17._for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films often.(1995 上海)A.If it is not B.Were it not C.Had it not been D.If they were not,Thank you,
