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1、e,1.Biography2.Major Works3.Writing Style4.Theme of Jack Londons Works5.Comments on Londons life philosophy,He is the one of the representative writers.Naturalism(1865-1914):in literature,the term refers to the theory that literary composition should aim at a detached,scientific objectivity in the t
2、reatment of natural man.The movement is an outgrowth of 19th century scientific thought,following in general the biological determinism of Darwins theory,or the economic determinism.,Biography,He was born John Griffith Chaney in San Francisco on January 12,1876,the illegitimate son of a self-taught
3、man and an eccentric woman.He took the last name of his stepfather and was called John Griffith London.He grew up in extreme poverty as a street urchin along the water-front where he began at an early age to indulge his boundless appetite for adventure.Before he was ten years old,he had to work befo
4、re and after school and even on weekends in order to support the family.,At the age of 13,he took a job in a cannery,and at the age of 15 he was the captain of an oyster pirate boat.He supported himself with menial and dangerous jobs,experiencing the struggle for survival.He lived on the fringes of
5、society until he was seventeen.In 1893 he became a sailor.For the next four years he worked his way around the world.He learned the jungle law of nature,the survival of the strong and the death of the weak.He wandered his way across the United State,even begging his food from door to door.,Determine
6、d to get an education,he went to high school at the age of nineteen,entered preparatory school,and then spend a semester as a special student at the University of California in 1896.He had to drop out after a few months to make money for the family.But he read extensively by himself.,London believed
7、 both in the success of the working class and in the survival of the strongest.He also learned practical knowledge in between journeys as a tramp and participation in the Klondike gold rush in 1897.He failed to find gold,but the experience became a rich source for his literary creation later.,London
8、 believed both in the success of the working class and in the survival of the strongest.He also learned practical knowledge in between journeys as a tramp and participation in the Klondike gold rush in 1897.He failed to find gold,but the experience became a rich source for his literary creation late
9、r.,In 1903 he wrote“The Call of the Wild”,an all-time best seller.This book made him immediately popular,and his name was soon known all over the county.For the next twelve years he wrote reports in Asia at the time of the Russian-Japanese War,and served in the same capacity in the Mexican Civil War
10、 in 1914.He liked the excitement of it.Wherever there was action London was present.,For a period of many years,especially between 1905-1907,London was a strong supporter of the socialist movement in the United States.Many of his writings reflect his interest in socialist ideas.With the success of h
11、is fiction he was also in demand on the lecture circuit.,The marked decline of his writing after 1913 coincides with his drifting away from the socialist movement.He became a millionaire.He spent money on the building of his ship for the voyage around the world and on his splendid“Wolf House,”but bo
12、th ventures failed.He died of a guestrointestinal type of uraemia（尿毒症）on November 22.1916.,Jack and Charmian Londons Grave Site,Newsboy报童(at 10)Oyster pirate(16)A hard laborer(muscle seller)A tramp流浪者,beggar(at 18),A knowledge pursuer A successful writer A rancher(大农场主),His Major Works,The People of
13、 the Abyss(1903)深渊中的人们The Call of the Wild(1903)野性的呼唤The Sea Wolf(1904)海狼White Fang(1906)白牙The Iron Heel(1908)铁蹄Martin Eden(1909)马丁.伊登The Valley of the Moon(1912)月谷The Star Rover(1915)星游人The Little Lady of the Big House(1916)大屋里的小妇人,Writing Style,Social Darwinism(社会达尔文主义),Neitzchean superman,sociali
14、st doctrines of MarxNaturalism mingled with Romanticism Forceful,and colorful;Subjectivity and enthusiasmHis characterizations were often stiff and his dialogue stereotyped.,Theme of Jack Londons Works,primitive violence,Anglo-Saxon supremacy,biological evolution,class warfare,and mechanistic determ
15、inism.,Hope for human civilization.Father of American proletariat（工人阶级）literatureRealist,spokesman of socialismGreat thinker,the struggle to survive with dignity and integritycombativelove of knowledgelove for the whole humankindRebellious,individualism,superman,strong will,freedomHope for human civ
16、ilization.,Comments on Londons life philosophy,Father of American proletariate literatureRealist,spokesman of socialismGreat thinkerHis writings inspired later writers like John Steinbeck and Jack Kerouac,Ernest Hemingway,and Robert Ruark,Sinclair,Jacks notable sayings,Youth is always young and elde
17、rly will only grow old.青年总是年青的，只有老年才会变老。The only way to get smart is to buy with the youth.得到智慧的惟一办法，就是用青春去买。I would rather be ashes than dust!我宁愿化作灰烬，也不要做尘埃。,I would rather be a superb meteor,every atom of me in magnificent glow,than a sleepy and permanent planet.我愿做一颗华丽的流星，愿我的每一颗粒都呈现那动人的光辉，而不做那沉睡并永远不灭的行星。The proper function of man is to live,not to exist.I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them.I shall use my time.人的恰当功能是活，而不是生。我不会用延长日子，把时光浪费，我要利用时间。,Thank you!,
