《JohnSnowdefeatsKingcholera-阅读.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《JohnSnowdefeatsKingcholera-阅读.ppt（77页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、Unit 1 Great scientistsReading,Pre-reading,1.What impresses you most in 2003?,Which person impresses you most during the SARS?,What other infectious diseases do you know?,For example:When you eat some food that is not fresh,You may feel,Maybe you have got _.,Cholera,draw a conclusion,think of a meth
2、od,collect results,make a question,find a problem,analyse the results,find supporting evidence,find a problem,make a question,think of a method,collect results,analyse the results,draw a conclusion,How to prove a new idea in scientific research?,find supporting evidence,John Snow defeats“King choler
3、a”,Reading,John Snow defeats“king cholera”,What can you learn from the title?,人物：事件：,defeats cholera,Who is John Snow?,What happened to them?,Queen Victoria,John Snow 约翰.斯诺(1813 1858),英国麻醉学家、流行病专家。他首次提出了预防霍乱的措施。1854年,伦敦霍乱流行,斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况,寻找到他们的共同行为模式,发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的关系,由于及时切断了二者的联系,有效制止了霍乱的流行。,Four
4、 outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s killed many people in England.In 1854,“the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom”began.It was so violent and sudden that 127 people died in the first three days.,The terrible cholera,Bacteria/germs of cholera,What was the ca
5、use of this illness?How did John Snow find it out?,Skim the text and find the main idea of the text.,The passage is mainly about:_,How John Snow found the cause of the cholera and defeated it.,Fastreading:,Read the passage quickly and find the number below and the relevant happenings in the passage.
6、,The first suggested thatmultiplied in the air;The second suggestedabsorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.,Another outbreak hit London.,More than 500 people had died in 10 days.,These numbers in Broad Street near the water pump had many of the deaths,20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 an
7、d 9 Cambridge Street had no deaths.They didnt drink the water from the Broad Street pump.,These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.,16,37,20,8,9,pump,38,40,BROAD STREET,CAMBRIDGE STREET,21,John Snows Cholera Map,7,Pub,What is the problem?,The cholera was the most deadly disease of its
8、day.Neither its cause,nor its cure was understood.,What caused cholera?,Make a question:Which theory to believe in?,Idea 1,Idea 2,Cholera multiplied in the air without reason.A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.,People absorbed it with their meals.,Which one do you
9、 believe more?What about John Snow?,A map of Broad Street,What method did he use?,Broad Street,Many deaths happened here.,No death happened here.,It seemed the water from the pump was to blame.What did he do next?,Public house,analyze the results:What happened to the pump water?,The water was from t
10、he river which had been polluted by the dirty water from London.,Paragraph 5,find supporting evidence:What extra evidence did he find?,two other deaths,A woman and her daughter who lived far away but drank the water also died.,draw a conclusion with certainty,The polluted water carried the disease.,
11、Paragraphs 6+7,(Para 6)What was another supporting evidence?,(Para 5)He looked into the source of the water,John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.,Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.,John Snow began to test two theor
12、ies.,An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.,He announced that the water carried the disease.,John Snow marked the deaths on a map.,2,1,4,7,Carefulreading:,King Cholera was defeated.,He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.,He had the handle removed from the water pump.,John Snow
13、investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.,3,8,5,6,1.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论)2.Think of a method:(找出研究方法)3.Collect results:(收集材料)4.Make a question:(形成研究主题)5.Find a problem:(发现问题)6.Analyse results:(分析材料)7.Find supporting evidence(找到能确证的证据),5,4,2,3,6,7,1,Stages in examining a new sci
14、entific idea:,What caused cholera?,Which theory is correct?,Collect data on those who were ill or died and where they got their water.,Fill in the blanks.,Plot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die.,Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness.,Find other
15、evidence to support the analysis.,The water is to blame.The source of all drinking water should be examined so that it is safe.,Match them,Para 7,Prevention of Cholera,1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right.How did he finally prove it?,John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak th
16、at was clearly related to cholera,collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.,Read and answer the questions.,2.Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?Give a reason.,No.The map helped John Snow organize his ideas.He was able t
17、o identify those households that had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits.He identified those houses that had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits.The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.,3.Cholera was a 19th century disease.What disease do you think i
18、s similar to cholera today?,Four diseases,which are similar today,are SARS,AIDS,TB(肺结核)and bird-flu,because they are both very serious,have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.,1.The passage mainly tells us that _.the cause of cholera was polluted water B.John Snow was a well-
19、known doctor in LondonC.the source of all drinking water should be examinedD.John Snow did some research and helped to solve“King Cholera”,Choose the best answer.,D,2.What was the key help for John Snows discovery?A.The government.B.The woman moving away from Broad Street.C.The water company.D.The m
20、ap made by himself.,D,Summary,John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century.He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it.In 1854 when a cholera _ out,he began to gather information.,doctor,19th,cause,defeat,broke,He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that ma
21、ny people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died.So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera.He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found.Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated.,marked,pump,source,examined,dealing,What should we pay
22、attention to in our daily life in order not to get infected with cholera?,Heat the food left overnight,Cook raw food thoroughly,Wash hands often,Keep away from flies,choose fresh sea food,Keep the kitchen clean,Dispose rubbish properly.,Drink boiled water,Discussion,1.know about 了解有关的情况,know of 听说过,
23、1)有些事我想了解一下。,There is something I want to know about.,2)我听说过那件事,但不很清楚。,I know of it,but I didnt know it well.,Language points,2.conclude:v.作结论,断定 The jury concluded that he was guilty.陪审团认定他有罪。to conclude:总而言之,总之 To conclude,I want to thank you for your help.conclusion:n.结论,得出结论,arrive atdraw/reach
24、come to,a conclusion,1)那些都是事实,你能从中得出什么结论?,Those are the facts;what do you conclude from them?,2)我得出结论你在说谎。,I came to/drew/reached the conclusion that you were lying.,3)根据这些事实,我们能对金字塔是如何建成的得出一些结论。,From these facts,we can draw some conclusions about how the pyramids were built.,3.defeat v./n.He defeat
25、ed the champion in three sets.His words completely defeated me.The Party faces defeat in the election.,击败,战胜,使困惑,win/beat/defeat win“赢得,获胜”,后接奖品,奖金,名誉,财产beat“击败,战胜”,后接竞争队伍或者对手,敌人defeat“击败，战胜”,后接竞争队伍或者对手,敌人,(此用法同beat),疾病等。,1)Mary _ the first place in the competition.2)Our school _ their school at foo
26、tball.3)I _ John at chess yesterday.,won,beat/defeated,beat/defeated,4.John Snow was a famous doctor in London-so expert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.,约翰.斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生-他的确医术精湛,因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。,1)expert n.专家;高手;权威an agricultural expert 农业专家an expert with the compute
27、r 电脑高手,expert 也可以作形容词,“熟练的;老练的;经验(或知识)丰富的”an expert rider 熟练的骑手 an expert opinion 内行的意见,照看,照料 如:,医生照看病人。,The doctor attended(on/upon)the patients.,出席，到场 如:attend school 上学attend a lecture 听讲座attend church 去教堂attend(at)a wedding 出席婚礼,2)attend v.注意,留意 如:,Well attend to the solution of that problem lat
28、er.,attend to 处理,办理 我有许多事情要处理。照顾,照料先生,有人接待你吗？Are you being attended to?If you go out,Ill attend to the baby.专心,注意If you dont attend to the teacher,youll never learn anything.attendance n.照顾,出席,I have some important things to attend to.,5.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary
29、people exposed to cholera.,exposed to cholera 在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语,表示被动,意为“患霍乱的”。如:,The book written by LuXun is very popular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。,昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生。,The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.,发散思维：exposed adj.暴露的,暴露于风雨中的,无掩蔽的 exposedness n.暴露,显露,开放思维:expose to 使暴露，揭穿expose sth to the light
30、of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿骗局,1)Miles of sand are exposed at low tide.2)The people of some Asian countries were exposed to the tsunami in 2004.3)He exposed the crime to the police.4)He exposed the plan to the newspaper.,to uncover,to make suffer,to make known,to make known,5)The wolf opened
31、its mouth to _ a row of sharp teeth.,6)Dont _ your skin to the sun or your skin will be hurt.,expose,expose,6.This was the deadly disease of its day.die(v.)dead(adj.)death(n.)deadly adj.(1)dangerous;likely to cause death 危险的;致命的 a deadly disease/weapon(2)highly effective against sth.or someone 强有力的;
32、致命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论,(3)aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的;不共戴天的:a deadly enemy 不共戴天的敌人deadly adv.(1)very 极度;非常;十分 deadly serious 十分认真(2)like death 死一般地 deadly pale 死一般苍白,7.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.,every time 在这里是连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“每次,每当”。,e.g.Every
33、 time I meet him,I always think of the things happened between us.,每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。,注意:immediately,the moment,directly,instantly 等与 every time一样,都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句,意为“一就”。如：I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一见到他就把这封信给他。I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了。,8.The second s
34、uggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.,absorbinto 吸收 如：,e.g.The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.,这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。,absorb v.(1)吸收(液体),Water absorbs oxygen.,(2)The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his tea
35、cher could give him.(3)The book absorbed his attention.(4)The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.,理解,接受,吸引(注意力,兴趣等),使并入,吞并,be absorbed in 被吸引;专心于;全神贯注于某事如:,He is absorbed in his book.The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale.,suggest 经常有“建议”的意思,但在这个句子里的意思是“暗示间接表明”。如：The di
36、sorganized meeting suggested bad preparation.混乱的会场表明准备工作很差。,suggest 还有“建议”的意思,在后文中有体现:“To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.”为防止这种情况再度发生,I suggested that he should give up smoking.我建议他戒烟。The chairman suggested the meeting be p
37、ut off until next week.主席建议会议延迟到下周举行。,suggest 后面还可以接-ing形式或名词。如：She suggested a picnic at the weekend.她提议周末去野餐。Kane suggested leaving early for the airport.凯恩提议早些出发去机场。,他发现在两条街道上霍乱流行得特别厉害,在十天之内就死去了五百多人。,9.In two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died
38、 in 10 days.,severe adj.(1)unsparing or harsh,as in treatment of others;strict 严厉的;苛刻的;严格的.如:,The severe trainer has gone abroad.You can breathe freely again.(2)causing sharp discomfort or distress;extremely violent or intense;very serious.剧痛的,剧烈的,严重的,难熬的 如:a severe attack of toothache.,要求苛严的教官已经出国,
39、你可以完全放心。,牙痛的剧烈发作。,这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。,10.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.,valuable(1)adj.worth a lot of money 值钱的,贵重的 如：The watch is valuable.这表很值钱。a valuable diamond.贵重的钻石。,(2)adj.having great usefulness or value 如:valuable information(3)n.(常用复数形式)sth that worth a
40、lot of money 如:Cathy kept her valuables in a safe.,重大的消息,凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里。,泵(油泵;气泵),抽水机,打气筒,11.pump,12.It seemed that the water was to blame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。,be+动词不定式,可以表示该做或不该做的事情,相当于must,should,ought to 等。如：,No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。You a
41、re not to drop litter in the park.公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。,受到责备,主动表被动,13.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.其次，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。,look into 往里面看;to investigate 检查;了解。如：Well look into this matter together.我们将一起调查这个问题。,开放思维：look on 观看,面向,旁观,看待look out 面朝,留神,照料look over 从上面看,察看,检
42、查look around 环顾,观光,察看look through 看穿,审核,浏览,温习look up and down 仔细打量,到处寻找look after 寻求,照顾,关心,14.handle n.柄,把手,Handle v.,Choose the correct explanations.,1)Ms Hawkins,the chief accountant of the company handles the companys accounts.,2)The children are so naughty that I cant handle them.3)She handled a
43、 difficult argument skillfully.,C,F,E,4)Handle children kindly,if you want them to trust you.5)This shop handles paper and stationery.6)He learnt how to handle the axe.,D,B,A,linkto.把与连接;联系 如：Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。be linked to 连接 如：The two towns are linked by a r
44、ailway.,15.In another part of London,he found supporting evidence from two deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一个地区,他从两个与Broad Street爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。,link n.联系,关系研究人员发现了吸烟和心脏病之间的关系。Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease.,16.With this extra evi
45、dence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.,announce v.to make known publicly 如：The captain announced that the plane was going to land.,有了这个证据,约翰.斯诺就能够肯定地宣布,这种被污染的水携带病毒。,机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。,1)-Who instructs your class in history?-Mr Black.He is our instructor.
46、2)She instructed me in the use of this telephone.3)Ive been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.,v.(to teach;to order),17.instruct,n.detailed directions on procedure;an order;teaching,instruction,1)The boss gave me so many instructions at one time that I got muddled up.2)We forgot to
47、read the instructions.(an instruction book)3)Under Berrys instruction,I slowly mastered the art of glass blowing.,1.Dont _(暴露)your skin to the sun for too long.2._ you _(既不也不)he is right.3._(每当)I meet him,I always think of the things having happened between us.4._(好像)she was lying.5.Who is _(责备)for
48、the mistake?6.It _(暗示)that it was going to rain.7.I suggested that he _(戒烟)smoking.,expose,Neither nor,Every time,It seemed that,to blame,(should)give up,suggested,Fill in the blanks.,Surf the internet to find out more information about John Snow and cholera.2.Do Exercise 3,4 on P3.,Homework,Thank You!,
