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1、June 18,2004,1,Linux Desktop 現況與未來,Jim Huang(黃敬群)Official Kaffe Developer,June 18,2004,2,題綱,Desktop suite 概況非 X 架構的 Desktop EnvironmentDesktop 標準 FreeDesktop.org進階 X Extensions未來的挑戰,June 18,2004,3,Desktop suite 現況,PackagingRPM 為主DesktopKDE GNOMEBrowserMozilla KonquerorMail ClientEvolution KmailOffic
2、e suiteOpenOffice KOffice,June 18,2004,4,Desktop 架構,June 18,2004,5,以 MS-Windows 為例Object Model:COM/ActiveXComponent Exchange:OLEClipboard ManagerUser Interface:Rich Win32 APIConfiguration:Win32 Registry,Desktop 的技術層面,June 18,2004,6,KDE 架構Object Model:KPartsComponent Exchange:DCOP(Desktop Communicati
3、on Protocol)Clipboard Manager:KlipperUser Interface:Qt/KDElibsConfiguration:serialized objects/plain text,Desktop 的技術層面(續),June 18,2004,7,GNOME 架構Object Model:Bonobo(extends CORBA)Component Exchange:Gnorba(GNOME CORBA framework)/Orbit(free CORBA implementation)Clipboard Manager:GCM(GNOME Clipboard M
4、anager)User Interface:GTK+/GNOME-libsConfiguration:GConf,Desktop 的技術層面(續),June 18,2004,8,Dr.Bert G.Wachsmuth 所做的介紹：Desktop environments are both a control framework and an interaction framework for programs that run on X Windows and the user.The desktop environment often includes a window manager th
5、at is specifically required by the desktop environment.It is an interaction framework because it provides a means for programs to communicate with one another in a very high-level way.The desktop environment is an optional component,since many window managers offer sufficient functionality to negate
6、 it as a requirement,but in order to make more advanced features available,a desktop environment is required.,Desktop Environment,June 18,2004,9,June 18,2004,10,i18n(Internationalization)/L10n(localization)能力良好的 Framework/Toolkit 支持多樣化的 profile/configuration 處理高擴充性、延展性、模組化設計Desktop 各元件間必須同時兼具高凝聚性與低耦
7、合度，能夠立刻(on-the-fly)抽換元件，而不影響既有運作，並且可以動態載入模組，藉由特定介面進行操作應用程式間的互動性支持強化 Desktop Environment 的 extension(以 X 架構為例)快速更換不同外觀、環境、設定，以及各種展現與週邊裝置(硬體)的整合度對應硬體需要有足夠的抽象化設計依循國際標準,Desktop Environment 成功因素,June 18,2004,11,由 KDE 與 GNOME 開發者共同發起(March 2000)專注於 Desktop Environment 標準化與效能提升實驗性嶄新架構ICCCM/EWMHFontconfig/X
8、ftClipboard/Drag-n-DropXEMBED protocolThumbnail/previewMenu systemMessage bus IPC system(D-Bus)Icon themesStart notification,Desktop 標準-FreeDesktop.org,June 18,2004,12,Open SourcedTrolltech 的 Qtopia(Qt/Embedded)DirectFBClosed Sourced？,非 X 架構的 Desktop Environment,June 18,2004,13,Qtopia 展示：http:/ccns.
9、ncku.edu.tw/jimchyun/qpe/,June 18,2004,14,FreeDesktop Platform=Desktop PlatformShared by KDE/GNOME/othersABI/API compatibilityXFont Xft/FontconfigXCompositeXRenderCairoTranslucency window,進階 X extension,June 18,2004,15,字型/字體/字庫,點陣字庫(Bitmap fonts)Console fontsBDF/PCF fonts in X Window System向量/矢量/曲線字
10、庫(Vector fonts)PostScript Type 1 fonts(Adobe)TrueType(Apple,Microsoft)OpenType fonts(may include TrueType or Type 1 data),(Adobe,Apple,Microsoft),June 18,2004,16,字型/字體/字庫,June 18,2004,17,Font rendering enginesXFree86-nativeFreeType 1 and FreeType 2Application-native implementationsX11 core library i
11、s showing its age2-bit(black and white)font display onlyno greyscale or anti-aliasingXft,Xft2/fontconfig,STSF etc.,Screen Display,June 18,2004,18,Xft/fontconfig,XFree86 4.x 引入X Render ExtensionAlpha、anti-aliasing、sub-pixel(server side)Xft LibraryRasterize with FreeType&XRender(client side)Fontconfig
12、 LibraryFont accessing(client side)獲得主流 widget set/toolkit 支持GNOME 2.x&KDE 3.x,June 18,2004,19,XComposite,June 18,2004,20,Linux Kernel Hacker,Ximian 工程師 Robert Love 在 FOSDEM 針對The Linux Kernel and The Linux Desktop議題提出以下的想法：典型的 Desktop Kernel 需求：Performance and TuningImproved power management,suspen
13、d/resume,and laptop-related policyBetter X/3D supportStable kernel interfacesRobert Love 則認為還需要對以下項目著墨：Hardware management,integration,hot-plugging,and namingKernel events system and user-space messaging bus,未來的挑戰,June 18,2004,21,HAL(Hardware Abstraction Layer),Linux Kernel 2.6 中，HAL 提供 D-Bus(lightweight simple message bus system)與一組程式庫 API，以應用程式的觀點，不需要再去留意硬體偵測，甚至不需要去考慮特定的 device nodeFreeDesktop.org 的 HAL 專案比方說，我們要設計一個 X Window 下 WebCam 的程式，那麼，我們只要跟 HAL 這麼打交道：請告訴我系統上關於 camera 的硬體清單,June 18,2004,22,HAL&Hotplug scenario,June 18,2004,23,Penzilla intgrated Mozilla,June 18,2004,24,謝謝！,
