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1、Misplaced modifier（修饰语错位),Contents,Definition Types How to avoid them?,Definition,A misplaced modifier is a word,phrase,or clause that is improperly separated from the word it modifies.Because of the separation,sentences with this error often sound awkward,ridiculous,or confusing.Furthermore,they ca
2、n be downright illogical.,Misplaced:John couldnt drive to work in his small sports car with a broken leg.(Its impossible that car had a broken leg.)Corrected:With a broken leg,John couldnt drive to work in his small sports car.(John,not car,had a broken leg.),Types,1.Misplaced adjectives are incorre
3、ctly separated from the nouns they modify and almost always distort the intended meaning.Misplaced:The child ate a cold dish of cereal for breakfast this morning.这孩子今天早上吃了一盘冷的麦片粥。Corrceted:The child ate a dish of cold cereal for breakfast this morning.,2.Placement of adverb can also change meaning i
4、n sentences.For example,the sentences below illustrate how the placement of just can change the sentences meaning.Eg.Just John was picked to host the program.(Just means only John was picked,no one else.).John was just picked to host the program.(Just means that John was picked now.).John was picked
5、 to host just the program.(Just means that John hosted only the program,nothing else.),3.Misplaced phrases may cause a sentence to sound awkward and may create a meaning that does not make sense.Misplaced:They saw a fence behind the house made of barbed wire.Corrected:They saw a fence made of barbed
6、 wire behind the house.,4.Misplaced clauses may cause a sentence to sound awkward and may create a meaning that does not make sense.Misplaced:The waiter served a dinner roll to the woman that was well buttered.Corrected:The waiter served a dinner roll that was well buttered to the woman.,How to avoi
7、d misplaced modifiers?,1.Placing modifying words precisely Limiting modifiers,such as almost,only,even hardly,nearly and just,should always immediately precede the words they modify.A different placement will change the meaning of the sentence.,Eg:.Just John was picked to host the program.(Just mean
8、s only John was picked,no one else.).John was just picked to host the program.(Just means that Jhon was picked now.).John was picked to host just the program.(Just means that Jhon hosted only the program,nothing else.),How to aviod misplaced modifiers?,2.Relocating misplaced phrases As a general rul
9、e,a modifier should be placed as close as possible to what it modifies.Placing a modifying phrase incorrectly can change the meaning of a sentence or create an unclear or confusing(or even unintentionally humorous)construction.To avoid ambiguity,place phrases as close as possible to the words they m
10、odify.,Eg.John couldnt drive to work in his small sports car with a broken leg.(Its impossible that cars had a broken leg.)With a broken leg,Jhon couldnt drive to work in his small sports car.(John,not car,had a broken leg.),How to avoid misplaced modifiers?,3.Revising intrusive modifiers An intrusi
11、ve modifier awkwardly interrupts a sentence,making it difficult to understand.Revise when a long modifying phrase comes between an auxiliary verb.,Eg.Confusing:She had,without giving it a second thought or considering the consequence,planned to enlist.Revised:Without giving it a second thought or co
12、nsidering the consequence,she had planned to enlist.,How to avoid misplaced modifiers?,When a phrase begins a sentence,make sure that it modifies the subject of the sentence.When a prepositional phrase begins a sentence,make sure that it midifies the true subject of the phrase.When a verbal phrase ends a sentence,make sure that it cannot modify more than one idea in the main clause.,THANKS!,
