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1、Of Studies 翻译与鉴赏,Lectured byZhu Jianping,作者简介、主要内容和文体风格,1.作者简介Francis Bacon(1561-1626)：文艺复兴时期英国著名哲学家和散文家；英国唯物主义哲学奠基人，近代实验科学的先驱；崇尚科学，提倡从研究事实中归纳出结论，反对从概念到概念的演绎。2.主要内容 1）读书的作用；2）读书的方法。3.文体风格 1）多排句、类比、短句、省略句；2）文字紧凑简洁，文句机智精辟，分析周密深刻，“颇似我国唐宋某些古文大师的风格”3）格言警句俯拾即是 4）文词古雅,1,Studies serve for1 delight,for ornam
2、ent2,and for ability.Their chief use for delight,is in privateness and retiring3;for ornament,is in discourse4;and for ability,is in the judgement,and disposition of business5.释义1 serve for起作用，被用作（serve the purpose of study）2 ornament装饰/装饰品；此处指多读书可以旁征博引，显得有才学。3 privateness私有/秘密/不公开/(地方等)隔绝/隐蔽/幽僻 ret
3、iring=retirement退休/职/役；离群索居/孑然独处 privateness and retiring 幽居独处4 discourse演讲/讲道；谈话/交谈5 disposition(安排/布置/处理management)of business(事情/事务),Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.Their chief use for delight,is in privateness and retiring;for ornament,is in discourse;and for ability,is in
4、 the judgement,and disposition of business.译文1：读书给人乐趣、文雅和能力。人们独居或退隐的时候，最能体会到读书的乐趣；谈话的时候，最能表现出读书的文雅；判断和处理事物的时候，最能发挥由读书而获得的能力。译文2：读书可以怡情养性，可以摭1拾文采，可以增长才干。在幽居独处时，最能体现其怡情养性的作用；在友朋交谈中，最能体现其摭拾文采的作用；在处世论事之际，最能体现其增长才干的作用。译文3：读书足以怡情，足以傅2彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。1摭(zh)：拾取/摘取(pick up
5、;gather)2傅：涂抹（如“傅粉”）,2,For expert men1 can execute 2,and perhaps judge of particulars3,one by one;but the general counsels4,and the plots,and marshalling of affairs5,come best from those that are learned.1专家/能手/内行/阅历丰富的人2 carry out/perform an action;to put into effect执行3 a separate case or an indivi
6、dual thing or instance,especially one that can be distinguished from a larger category or class.Often used in the plural细节/部分/个别问题4 counsel:something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action忠告/劝告/建议 general counsel总的计划/大计5plots:a secret scheme to do something(especially
7、 something underhand or illegal(秘密)计划/密谋/谋划/出谋划策 marshal:arrange in logical order;make ready for action or use安排/使准备行动/统率/管理 affairs事务 the plots,and marshalling of affairs对事务的计划和安排,For expert men1 can execute 2,and perhaps judge of particulars3,one by one;but the general counsels4,and the plots,and
8、marshalling of affairs5,come best from those that are learned.译文1：那些有实际经验而没有学识的人，也许能够一一实行或判断某些事物的细微末节，但对于事业的一般指导、筹划与处理，还是真正有学问的人才能胜任。译文2：阅历丰富的人虽能逐一判断或处理 具体问题，但出谋划策，统筹全局，唯有博学之士最能胜任。译文3：练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。,3,To spend too much time in studies,is sloth1;to use them too much for orn
9、ament,is affectation2;to make judgement wholly by their rules3,is the humour4 of a scholar.1懒散/懒惰2装模作样/故弄玄虚/矫揉造作矫情3完全按规则/规章/规定/条例；完全按书本的条条框框4a characteristic(habitual or relatively temporary)state of feeling心境/情绪/性情/脾气（古义），此处指怪癖,To spend too much time in studies,is sloth1;to use them too much for or
10、nament,is affectation2;to make judgement wholly by their rules3,is the humour4 of a scholar.译文1：耗费过多时间去读便是迟滞，过分用学问自炫便是矫揉造作，而全凭学理判断一切，则是书呆子的癖好。译文2：读书费时过多则懒散；过于追求文采显得矫揉造作；全凭书中条条框框论事，未免书生气过重。译文3：读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。,4,They1 perfect2 nature3,and are perfected by experience:for natural abilitie
11、s4 are like natural plants,that need proyning5 by study;and studies themselves do give forth 6 directions too much at large7,except8 they1 be bounded in9 by experience.1=studies2使完美/完善/改善3天然/天性/性格/性质4天生的能力5proyning(古)=pruning=cultivation修剪枝叶/栽培6 give forth发出(气味)/发表(意见等)7(too much)at large(过于)笼统/含糊/任
12、意/不着边际/不具体8(古义)=unless9bound(vt.)：限制/制约 be bounded in(adv.)=be checked限制,They1 perfect2 nature3,and are perfected by experience:for natural abilities4 are like natural plants,that need proyning5 by study;and studies themselves do give forth 6 directions too much at large7,except they be bounded in8
13、by experience.译文1：学问能美化 人性，经验又能充实学问。天生的植物需要人工修剪，人类的本性也需要学问诱导，而学问本身又必须以经验来规范，否则便太迂阔了。译文2：须知读书固可补 天然 之不足，而经验又补读书之不足。因为天生才干犹如天然花木，需靠读书修枝剪叶。而书本知识如不以经验相制约，其教导也难免过于笼统。译文3：读书 补 天然 之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。,5,Crafty men1 condemn studies,simple men2 admire them,and wise men
14、use them;for they teach not their own use3;but that4 is a wisdom without5 them6,and above them,won by observation.1有手艺的人/有一技之长的人/掌握了技术的人2迟钝的人/头脑简单的人/无知的人/浅薄的人3 they=studies；学问本身并不教人如何使用它们4=their own use书本的用处5=outside6=studies书本/学问,Crafty men1 condemn studies,simple men 2 admire them,and wise men use
15、 them;for they teach not their own use 3;but that4 is a wisdom without5 them6,and above them,won by observation.译文1：技巧的人轻视学问，浅薄的人惊服学问，聪明的人却能利用学问。因为学问本身并不曾把它的用途教给人，至于如何去应用它，那是在学问 之外，超越学问之上、由观察而获得的一种聪明呢！译文2：有实际才干的人鄙薄书本；头脑简单的人羡慕书本；只有聪明人才会运用书本。因为书籍本身并不教人如何运用，运用之道，乃在书 外，且高于书本，唯有通过观察才能学到。译文3：有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者
16、羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智 不在 书 中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。,6,Read not to contradict and confute;nor to believe and take for granted;nor to find talk and discourse;but to weigh and consider.译文1：读书不是为着要辩驳，也不是要盲目信从，更不是去找寻谈话的资料，而是要去权衡和思考。译文2：读书时不可存心与作者辩难，不可以轻信盲从，也不可寻章摘句，作为谈助，而须权衡与琢磨。译文3：读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻
17、章摘句，而应推敲细思。,7,Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested;that is,some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read,but not curiously1;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy 2,and ext
18、racts made of them by others3;but that would be4,only in the less important arguments,and the meaner sort of book;else5 distilled books6 are like common distilled waters,flashy7 things.1(古义)=attentively/carefully2由人代读;deputy:a person appointed or empowered to act for another代理人3=you may read the ext
19、racts made of them by others4=ought to be5=or else否则6指别人摘录或重述的书7giving a momentary or superficial impression of brilliance浮华/虚饰/炫耀一时/华而不实的,Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested;that is,some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read,but n
20、ot curiously1;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy2,and extracts made of them by others3;but that would be4,only in the less important arguments,and the meaner sort of book;else5 distilled books6 are like common distilled waters,flashy
21、 things.译文1：有的书只需浅尝，有的书可以狼吞，有的书要细嚼烂咽，慢慢消化。也就是说，有的书只需选读，有的书只需浏览，有的书却必须全部精读。有的书不必去读原本，读读它们的节本就够了，但这仅限于内容不太重要的二流书籍；否则，删节过的往往就像蒸馏水一样，淡而无味。译文2：有的书浅尝即可，有的书可以狼吞虎咽，少数书籍则需咀嚼消化。换言之，有的书只须阅读一部分，另一些读时可不求甚解，但少数则须通读，且须勤勉而专心。有的书也可以请人代读，然后读其所作摘要；但仅限于题材比较次要以及比较寻常的书。否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，成为淡而无味的东西。译文3：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之
22、，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。,8,Reading maketh a full man1;conference2 a ready man3;and writing4 an exact man5.1充实的人2会议/讨论/商谈3(思维)敏捷的人4做笔记或札记5准确/精确/严谨/严格的人,Reading maketh a full man1;conference2 a ready man3;and writing an exact man4.译文1：读书使人
23、渊博，辩论使人机敏，写作使人精细。译文2：读书使人充实，讨论使人机敏，作笔记使人精确。译文3：读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。,9,And therefore,if a man write little,he had need have1 a great memory;if he confer2 little,he had need have a present3 wit;and if he read little,he had need have much cunning 4,to seem to know that5 he doth not.1=ought to have应该有2
24、商谈/商议/商讨3(古)即可可用/应急/随时在手边的 a present wit机智/急智/急才4狡猾/奸诈5=what,And therefore,if a man write little,he had need have1 a great memory;if he confer2 little,he had need have a present3 wit;and if he read little,he had need have much cunning4,to seem to know that5 he doth not.译文1：如果一个人很少写作，他就需要有很强的记忆力；如果他很
25、少辩论，就需要有急智；如果他很少读书，就需要很狡猾，对自己不懂的事情，假装知道。译文2：不常作笔记的人须有很强的记忆力，不常讨论的人须有急智，不常读书的人则须十分乖巧，方能不知而佯作知之。译文3：因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。,10,Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtile1;natural philosophy2 deep;moral3 grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend4.Abeunt studia in m
26、ores5.1(古)=subtle2(古)自然科学3=moral philosophy伦理学4争夺/竞争/辩论/据理力争5(拉)培根自己的解释：Studies have an influence upon the manners of those that are conversant in(了解/熟悉)them.(专心学问者，性格也受陶冶),Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtile1;natural philosophy2 deep;moral3 grave;logic and rhetoric able to c
27、ontend4.Abeunt studia in mores5.译文1：历史使人聪明，诗歌使人富于想象，数学使人精确，自然哲学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑学和修辞学使人善辩。总之，读书能陶冶个性。译文2：读历史使人明智，读诗使人机灵，数学使人周密，自然科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑与修辞使人能言善辩。专心致学者，性格也受陶冶。译文3：读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。,11,Nay1,there is no stond2 or impediment in the wit3,but4 may be wrough
28、t out5 by fit studies:like as6 diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.Bowling is good for the stone and reins7;shooting for the lungs and breast;gentle walking for the stomach;riding for the head;and the like.1不仅如此2(古)=hindrance/stoppage阻碍3=in the mind;wit心智4=that not(关系代词)5=be worked o
29、ut得到解决6=as7 睾丸和肾脏；一解“结石(病)和肾”,Nay1,there is no stond2 or impediment in the wit3,but4 may be wrought out5 by fit studies:like as6 diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.Bowling is good for the stone and reins7;shooting for the lungs and breast;gentle walking for the stomach;riding for th
30、e head;and the like.译文1：不仅如此，读书并且可以铲除一切心理上的障碍，正如适当的运动能够矫治身体上的一些疾病一般。例如：滚球游戏有益于肾脏；射箭有益于胸肺；散步有益于肠胃；骑马有益于头部等等。译文2：心智方面的种种障碍，无不可读适当之书加以排除，正如身体百病，皆可以适当的运动治疗。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。译文3：人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。,12,So if a mans wit1 be wandering2,let him st
31、udy the mathematics;for in demonstrations3,if his wit be called away4 never5 so little,he must begin again.If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences,let him study the schoolmen6;for they are cymini sectores7.If he be not apt to beat over matters8,and to call up one thing,to prove and
32、illustrate another9,let him study the lawyers cases;so every defect of the mind may have a special receipt10.1心智2漫游/闲逛/(精神)恍惚/错乱的3证明/证实/论证/说明/演算4把叫到别处去/转移（某人的心思/思想）/让分心5=ever6欧洲中世纪经院哲学家7拉=hair-splitters过分讲究细节的人/条分缕析的人/钻牛角尖的人(贬)8详细审察事物9以一事论证和阐述另一事/举一反三；call up提出供考虑/讨论10=recipe药方,12,So if a mans wit1
33、be wandering2,let him study the mathematics;for in demonstrations3,if his wit be called away4 never5 so little,he must begin again.If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences,let him study the schoolmen6;for they are cymini sectores7.If he be not apt to beat over matters8,and to call up
34、 one thing9,to prove and illustrate another,let him study the lawyers cases;so every defect of the mind may have a special receipt10.译文1：因此，假若一个人心神散乱，最好让他学习数学，因为在演算数学题目的时候，一定得全神贯注，如果注意力稍一分散，就必得再从头做起。假若一个人拙于辨别差异，就让他去请教那些演绎派的大事们，因为他们正是剖析毫发的人。假若一个人心灵迟钝，不能举一反三，最好让他去研究律师的案件。所以每一种心理缺陷都有一种特殊的补救良方。译文2：如若思想不能集中，可让他学数学；因为在演算时思想少有旁骛，就须重新做起。如若不善于析难辨异，可让他学经院哲学，因为那些哲学家无不讲究细节。如若他粗枝大叶，不善于以一事论证和阐述另一事，可让他读律师的案卷。由此可见心智方面的任何缺陷都有良方可治。译文3：如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。,THANK YOU!,
