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1、Reading Skill(Part I)英语阅读技能,阅读文章基本特点分析,阅读是英语学习中的一个重要组成部分。,国家初中英语课程标准对初中毕业生阅读理解提出了明确要求：,*能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。,*能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。,*能找出文章的主题、理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局。,*能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料。,*能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。,*除阅读教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。,阅读理解是中考中重要的题型之一，它具有词汇量大、题材广泛、体裁多样、考查方式灵活、注重实际等特点。,要想提高阅读理解能力，需要积累充足的词
2、汇量、广泛地阅读各种题材的文章、坚持进行阅读训练、掌握正确的阅读理解技巧。,中考重点考查以下7种阅读技能:,1、领悟文章的大意。,2、概括文章主旨。,3、抓住文章的细节。,4、明晰文章的结构。,5、理解文章寓意。,6、正确推断词义。,7、进行逻辑推理。,1、领悟文章的大意。,2、概括文章主旨。,3、抓住文章的细节。,4、正确推断词义。,方法指导,阅读理解首先是对文章主旨和大意的理解，它是全文的概括与总结，能否抓住这个中心，体现了读者总结、概括和归纳事物的能力。每篇短文都有主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。,那么如何获取段落的主旨和大意？,理解主旨大意题,最有效的办法是找出主题句(To
3、pic sentence)，这对理解整段文章很有帮助。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。,而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。,一般情况下主题句常在段首或篇首，即作者先点出中心思想，然后再作进一步的扩展;有的主题句偶尔位于段落的中间；有的主题句则出现在在段末或篇末，即作者先列举一些事实或论据，然后才把中心意思点出来。,如果没用明显的主题句，就只能在充分阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括才能得出。但要注意不能断章取义、就事论事，而要透彻理解、明晰作者的意图。,1.考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大
4、多数针对段落的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：,1)Which is the best title of the passage?,2)Which of the following is this passage about?,3)In this passage,the writer tries to tell us that_.,4)The passage tells us that_.,5)This passage mainly talks about_.,Dreams may be more important than sleep.Some people dont nee
5、d much sleep.But we all need to dream,scientists say.Dreams take up(占据)about one quarter of our sleeping time.People have several dreams each night.Dreams are like short films.They are usually in color.Some dreams are like old films.They come to us over and over again.That may be because the dreamer
6、 is worrying about something.Dreaming may be a way of trying to find an answer.,重要的,科学家,四分之一,一次又一次,色彩斑斓,Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams.They could have been thinking about their work all day.These thoughts can carry over into dreams.Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling fro
7、m a dream.But often we cant remember the dream.Dreams can disappear quickly from memory.Too much dreaming can be harmful.The more we sleep,the longer we dream.The mind is hard at work when we dream.That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.,继续,延期至,消失,记忆,有害的,头脑,感觉,疲劳的,想法,1.The main
8、 idea of the passage is that _.A.people like to sleep B.people need to dream C.dreams are like films D.we always remember dreams,2.Which is the best title of the passage?A.Terrible Dreams B.The Longest Sleep C.Memory D.Dreams,方法指导,阅读理解题目多从两个方面考查学生的阅读能力：一是考查学生概括文章的能力；二是了解文章细节的能力。对于第一种题目，学生要留意文章的题目及关键
9、句（通常在文章的开头或结尾），而对第二种题目，无须一字一句地读文章，只需扫读与题目有关的信息即可。,通常，对文章事实、细节的考查会具体到正误细节、事实性细节、指代细节和细节排序几个方面。其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字作为佐证。,获取事实细节,2.考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：,1)Which of the following is right?,2)Which of the following is not mentioned?,3)Which of the following is Not True in
10、 the passage?,4)Choose the right order of this passage.,5)From this passage we know _.,One day a man passed by a farm and saw a beautiful horse.Hoping to buy the animal,he said to the farmer,“I think your horse is pretty good,so Ill give you$500 for him.“He doesnt look so good,and hes not for sale(卖
11、),the farmer said.The man insisted(坚持),“I think he looks just fine and Ill bring up the price to$1000.”“He doesnt look so good,”the farmer said,“but if you want him that much,hes yours.”The next day the man came back angrily.He went up to the farmer and said,“You sold me a blind horse.You cheated(欺骗
12、)me!”The farmer calmly(镇静地)replied,“I told you he didnt look so good,didnt I?”,经过,相当不错,上升到,愤怒地,前往,瞎的,回答,1.Which is NOT true according to the passage?A.At first the farmer didnt want to sell the horse.B.The man wanted to buy the farmers horse very much.C.The man paid$1500 for the horse.D.The man foun
13、d the horse was blind and got very angry.,2.Choose the right order of the passage.a.The farmer sold the horse to the man b.The man found that it was a blind horse.c.The farmer refused.(拒绝)d.The man brought the price up to$1000.e.A man saw a beautiful horse and liked it at once.f.He wanted to buy the
14、 horse for$500 A.bdacef B.efcdab C.fedcba D.cbedaf,3.考查猜测生词含义的能力。猜测词义是英语阅读的重要技巧。它可以在一定程度上考查学生的逻辑推断能力，并有助于扩大词汇量，是阅读能力的一个重要组成部分。其主要提问方式是：,1)The word“”in the passage probably means _.,2)The underlined word“It”in the passage refers to _.,3)In this story the underlined word“”means _.,4)Here“it”means _.,下
15、面介绍几种常见的猜词方法：,1.根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理猜测词义,如：In some cities,there are double-deck buses.The bus has two floors and it can carry more people.,2.依据常识和经验做出判断,如：Australia is the biggest island in the world.,通过第二句话中的“two floors”可以判断划线部分是“双层”的意思。,通过常识，我们知道Australia不是最大的国家，而是最大的岛国，所以猜到island是“岛屿”的意思。,猜测生词意思,3.通
16、过因果关系猜词,有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。,4.通过同义词或反义词的关系猜词,如：More and more advertisements appear on the Web.You have to be careful not to be fooled or tricked by the advertisements on the Internet.Something is said to be a bargain,but it isnt always ch
17、eap,通过bargain后面的句子“but it isnt always cheap”,可以判断”bargain”是”便宜货”的意思。,如：You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.,通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是责备。,5.通过构词法猜词,Emily won 10 million dollars!Her good luck was unbelievable.,已知believe是“相信”的意思，前缀un有否定之意，可以猜到该词是“难以置信的”。,带有否定意义的前/后缀
18、还有dis-(如：dislike)，im-(如：impossible),-less(如：careless),The Power of Wind Wind is moving air.You cant see wind,but you can feel and hear it.The sun makes the wind blow.The sun heats the earth.The air over land gets hotter than the air over the water.When the hot air rises,cooler air rushes into take i
19、ts place.This rushing air is wind.As long as the sun shines,there will be wind on the earth.,力量,吹,升起,冷却,冲进,替代它的位置,急流的,陆地,People can use wind to do work for them.Children use wind to fly kites.Sailors use wind to sail their boats.Some places use windmills to make energy.Wind energy is clean and does
20、not pollute the air,water,or land.But sometimes the wind isnt so helpful.Strong winds,for example,blizzards,hurricanes or tornadoes,can damage trees,houses,cars,and boats.They are very powerful and often come with snowstorms,or a lot of rain.They are very dangerous,so watch out for strong winds!,海员,
21、水手,启航,风车,物能量,大风雪,飓风,龙卷风,损害,暴风雪,危险的,1.The underlined word“pollute”means _.A.makeclean B.makedirty C.makedry D.makewet,2“Watch out for strong winds”.means to _ strong winds.A.be afraid of B.be scared of C.be careful with D.be sorry for,解题技巧与方法：,1.初读全文（1）做阅读理解题之前，一般宜先通读短文全文，初步了解短文整体框架、大意及作者意向，并在抓住主要信息及
22、各段中心内容的同时，标出有疑问或重要的地方。（2）也可以先扫读文章后面的题目，明确要求，便于快速阅读全文时留意或抓住重要材料及关键用语。,2.再读全文目的是加深对整体的把握及对文章主旨各段中心内容的理解，进一步思考并初步弄清或解决第一遍阅读时发现的疑问。,3.细读试答 在认真研读题目（“题干”和“选项”）、明确答题要求的基础上，再细读短文有关部分以便决定答案。这一步至关重要，既要细致，又要在整体把握的层面上上下照应、前后联系。一般说来，试题的先后次序与短文所述内容的次序是一致的，因而答题应按试题的次序逐个去做。答题原则是先易后难，留下难题个别对待。,4.复读核查试答完各题之后，再读一遍短文，瞻前顾后地逐一核对答案。在这一步，应充分利用和注意各题之间的相互联系或对应关系，要着力抓住其中统带整篇的关键题目。关键题目正确与否会引起连锁反应。因此，切勿忽视这一点。,
