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1、Chapter Fifteen,Translation of Idioms,Idiom,Definition An idiom is an expression,word,orphrasethat has afigurativemeaningthat is comprehended in regard to a common use of that expression that is separate from theliteralmeaning ordefinitionof the words of which it is made.,Idiom,Feature Culturally re
2、lative:An idiom is generally acolloquialmetaphora term requiring some foundational knowledge,information,or experience,to use only within aculture,where conversational parties must possess common cultural references.Therefore,idioms are not considered part of the language,but part of the culture.,Id
3、iom,An idiom is an expression not readily analyzable from its grammatical construction or from the meaning of its component parts.It is the part of the distinctive form or construction of a particular language that has a specific form or style present only in that language.(New International Webster
4、s Collegiate Dictionary)An idiom is an expression whose meaning is not predictable from the usual grammatical rules of a language or from the usual meanings of its constituent elements.(Random House Websters College Dictionary),Translation of idiom,Foreignizing translation:retaining the cultural fla
5、vors of the SLenables the reader to have an alien reading experiencedeveloping the readers awareness of cultural differenceDomesticating translation:minimizes the foreignness of the SL text by changing the heterogeneous elements into what is familiar to the TL text,异化：主张直译原文的语言形式（即便这种语言形式不完全切合译语习惯），
6、保留构成原语言的文化因子（主要是形象）。归化：主张以纯熟地道的译语和相关联的文化因子进行翻译。,Translation of idiom(C-E),Foreignizing translation剖腹藏珠 出自资治通鉴唐纪太宗贞观元年：“吾闻西域贾胡得美珠，剖身以藏之，有诸？”rip open the stomach and hide a pearlsacrifice life for money你自己手里拿着这个，岂不好？明儿再送来。就失了手也有限的，怎么忽然又变出这“剖腹藏珠”的脾气来！（红楼梦）译文：Wouldnt that be better?You can send it back
7、later.And even if want to“cut open your stomach to hide a pearl”?,明枪易躲，暗箭难防译文：It is easy to dodge a spear in the open,but hard to guard against an arrow shot from hiding.城门失火，殃及池鱼译文：A fire on city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat.路遥知马力，日久见人心译文：As a long road tests a horses strength,so a
8、long task proves a persons heart.,初生牛犊不怕虎译文：New-born calves make little of tigers.口蜜腹剑译文：to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted声东击西译文：to shout in the east and strike in the west望梅止渴译文：quench ones thirsty by thinking of plums画饼充饥译文：to draw cakes to allay hunger,刻骨铭心译文：to be engraved on ones heart and
9、 bones引狼入室译文：to lead a wolf into the house重见天日译文：to see the daylight again 百川归海译文：All rivers flow into the sea.,所以这李纨虽青春丧偶，且处在膏梁锦绣之中，竟如“槁木死灰”一般，一概不问，（红楼梦）译文：So this young widow living in the lap of luxury was no better off than withered wood or cold ashes,taking no interest in the outside world.,他一家
10、子在这儿，他的房子、地在这儿，他跑？跑得了和尚跑不了庙。（周立波：暴风骤雨）译文：Escape?But his home and property cant escape.The monk may run away,but the temple cant run with him.咳！这一来，竹篮子打水一场空了。（梁斌：红旗谱）译文：Ah!We were drawing water in a bamboo basket.,Foreignizing translation or domesticating translation?,一个汉语的习语，有其含义大致相近的英语习语，顺手牵羊，便可作归化
11、英译;反之，若做直译，保留其文化因素，作异化处理，也未尝不可。何去何从，令人犹豫。,竭泽而渔:to drain a pond to catch all the fish（异化）kill the goose that lays the golden eggs（归化）打草惊蛇:to stir up the grass and alert the snake（异化）wake up a sleeping dog(归化)易如反掌:to be as easy as turning over ones hand（异化）as easy as falling off a log（归化）,雪中送炭：to send
12、 charcoal in snowy weather（异化）to help a lame dog over a stile（归化）守口如瓶：to keep ones mouth closed like a bottle（异化）to keep a still tongue in ones head（归化）掌上明珠:a pearl in the palm(异化)the apple of ones eye(归化),小结,归化？异化？其实质是直译与意译，是形式与内容的矛盾。“Not only the equivalence content of message,but,in so far as pos
13、sible,an equivalence of the form.”(Nida)Nida提出了改变形式的五个条件。不合乎五个条件，就不能随意更改；必须保持形式的一致，也就是采取直译的方法。“Translate literally,if possible,or,appeal to free translation.”（陆殿扬）,Nida 认为，只有在一定条件下，才可以改变形式。为此，他提出了改变形式的五个条件：1.直译会导致意义上的错误时；2.引入外来语形成语义空白(Semantic Zero)，读者有可能自己填入错误意义时；3.形式对等引起严重的意义晦涩时；4.形式对等引起作者原意所没有的歧义
14、时；5.形式对等违反译入语的语法或文体规范时。,“直译基础上的意译”翻译的指导思想语言是文化的载体。翻译若仅仅传达信息了事，那将铸就缺憾。,Domesticating translation,眉飞色舞：译文：his eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing.改译：to beam with joy粗枝大叶译文：with big branches and large leaves改译：to be crude and careless灯红酒绿译文：with red lights and green wine改译：dissipated and
15、 luxurious纸醉金迷：译文：with drunken paper and bewitched gold改译：(a life of)luxury and dissipation,扬眉吐气译文：to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath改译：to feel proud and elated开门见山译文：to open the door and see the mountain改译：to come straight to the point风雨飘摇：译文：the wind and rain are rocking改译：(of a situation)
16、being unstable,Foreignizing translation?Domesticating translation?,有鲜明文化色彩的习语（衍生于某个历史故事或人物掌故）叶公好龙译文：professed love of what one really fears南柯一梦译文：a fond dream or illusory joy/fond dream四面楚歌译文：to be besieged on all sides悬梁刺股译文：to be extremely hard-working in ones study,初出茅庐译文：at the beginning of ones
17、 career罄竹难书译文：(of crimes)too numerous to mention失之东隅，收之桑榆译文：What one loses on the swings,one gets back on the roundabouts.塞翁失马，安知非福？译文：A loss may turn out to be a gain.,Comparative study on the cultural difference,胆小如鼠:as timid as a rabbit如鱼得水:like a duck to water多如牛毛:as plentiful as blackberries一箭之
18、遥:at a stones throw水中捞月:to fish in the air半瓶子醋:half-baked蠢得像猪:as stupid as a goose,害群之马：black sheep挥金如土：to spend money like water烂醉如泥：drunk as a sailor热锅上的蚂蚁：like a cat on a hot tin roof瘦得像猴子：as thin as a shadow如履薄冰：to tread upon eggs棋逢敌手：diamond cut diamond挂羊头卖狗肉：cry up wine and sell vinegar,Exerci
19、se,1.但是，事实胜于雄辩，水落自然石出。2.青黄不接的季节3.后来出嫁了，两个人还藕断丝连，这只能怪包办婚姻，不能怪她。4.木已成舟，也只好如此了。5.她觉得丈夫这句话说得对，真是一针见血，点头附和道6.她听了这话，像是火上浇油，立刻说7.他对乡里的情况，了如指掌。,8.打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。9.夫妻无隔夜之仇。10.送君千里，终有一别。11.薛蟠也来上学，不过是三天打鱼，两日晒网。12.不是鬼使神差，好端端的他怎么会抽上了鸦片烟？13.人怕出名猪怕壮。14.最重要的，她不是小姐堆里娇生惯养出来的人。15.人勤地不懒，这话真不假。,1.但是，事实胜于雄辩，水落自然石出。译文：Howeve
20、r,facts speak louder than eloquence and the truth will prevail in the end.2.青黄不接的季节译文：In spring when one crop was eaten and the next still green./When the crop is still in the blade and the old stock is consumed./Before the green corn grows and after the white crop is consumed.3.后来出嫁了，两个人还藕断丝连，这只能怪包
21、办婚姻，不能怪她。译文：After she was married they still kept it up.The arranged marriage was the cause of this;she cant be blamed.,4.木已成舟，也只好如此了。译文：Whats done is done,and cant be undone.5.她觉得丈夫这句话说得对，真是一针见血，点头附和道译文：Feeling that her husband had been right to say this and had touched him on the raw,she nodded an
22、d backed him up6.她听了这话，像是火上浇油，立刻说译文：This only added fuel to the flames of her anger and she said at once 7.他对乡里的情况，了如指掌。译文：He knew everything about the township like the back of his hand.,8.打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。译文：If you want to kill a snake,you must first hit it on the head and if you want to catch a band o
23、f robbers you must first catch their leader.9.夫妻无隔夜之仇。译文：Enmity between husband and wife doesnt last the night.10.送君千里，终有一别。译文：Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles,yet must the parting come at last.11.薛蟠也来上学，不过是三天打鱼，两日晒网。译文:Xue Pan enrolled as a student.But he was like the fisherman who
24、fishes for three days and then suns his net for two.,12.不是鬼使神差，好端端的他怎么会抽上了鸦片烟？译文：Had it not been for the influence of devils,how would a decent fellow like him have taken to smoking opium?13.人怕出名猪怕壮。译文：Fame is as fatal to men as fattening to pigs.14.最重要的，她不是小姐堆里娇生惯养出来的人。译文：Whats most important,she isnt one of those well-born young ladies whove been pampered and spoiled all their lives.15.人勤地不懒，这话真不假。译文：If man is diligent,soil is not idle.How true the proverb is!,
