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1、非谓语动词,非谓语动词概念：非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式。,动词的非谓语形式分为动名词(v+ing)，分词(ving;v+ed)，动词不定式(to+v)。,Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。（to have a talk.不定式作状语）,谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：,1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。,Miss Mary teaches us English.玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）,
2、2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。,He likes the pop music.他喜欢流行音乐。（动词用单数第三人称形式）,He has nothing to do today.他今天没什么事要做。（do 用原形）,To help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）,非谓语动词的特征：,1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。,Studying English is my favorite.学习英语是我的爱好.（studying 后跟宾语）,Its too difficult for him to master Engl
3、ish in such a short time.他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）,2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。,Working under such a condition is terrible.在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的状语）,Seen from the mountain,the city looks much more beautiful.从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。（Seen from.是分词的被动形式）,3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。,I am so
4、rry to have kept you waiting long.对不起让你久等了。（to have kept.是不定式的完成形式）,There are two big swimming pools here.这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用）,4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。,Our coming made him happy.我们的到来使他很高兴。（coming 起名词作用）,不定 式 主动 被 动 一般 to write to be written 进行 to be writing/完成 to have writtento have been w
5、ritten 完成进行 to have been writing/,非谓语动词的形式变化：,现 在 分 词 主动被 动 一般 writingbeing written 完成 having written having been written 过 去 分 词 一般written,动名词 主动 被 动 一般 writingbeing written 完成 having writtenhaving been written,1 动词不定式作主语：To mast a language is not an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。,动 词 不 定 式：,动词不定式是由 t
6、o+动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。,Its my pleasure to help you.很乐意帮助你。To be good at learning is very important.,To teach English is my favorite.教英语是我的爱好。,Its necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目击者。,动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。,Its very kind of you to have given us much help.你给了我们那么
7、多的帮助真是太好了。,I like to help others if I can.如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。,2 动词不定式作宾语：,某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide,begin,help,begin,want,wish,like,forget,learn,afford,demand,expect,fail,manage,hope,an,promise,pretend,ask.,What I wish is to learn English well.我所希望的是把英语学好。,有些词要求带to的不定式作宾语补足语，ask,tell order,want,cal
8、l on,allow,teach,force,permit,promise。,3 动词不定式作宾语补语：,We expect you to be with us.我们希望你和我们在一起。,Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。,动词see,hear,notice,watch,feel,have,let,make要求用不带to的不定式作宾语。,Let me do it.,通常表示未来的概念，与主语相对应的词为hope,idea,suggestion,aim,plan,job 等表示抽象概念的词，不定式表语表示主语的内容。,4 动词不定式作表语：,W
9、hat I should do is to finish the task soon.我应该做的是赶快完成任务。,The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.当务之急是马上去找孩子。,They have some questions to ask the teacher.,5 动词不定式作定语：,常在所修饰名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词有动宾关系。,There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。,I have something important to tell you.
10、我有重要的事情要告诉你。,She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。,6 不定式作状语：,We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师。,Its unfair not to tell us.没告诉我们真是不公平。,动词不定式的否定形式：not+to+动词原形,The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳
11、。,Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方还不知道。,带疑问词的不定式：,疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how,why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。,I dont know when to begin.我不知道什么时间开始。,这类动词有：know,teach,learn,show,decide,tell,ask,discuss.,Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？,Do you know how to get to the statio
12、n.你知道怎样去车站吗？,动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是：for+逻辑主语+不定式。注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。,Its necessary for us to help each other.我们互相帮忙是必要的。,带逻辑主语的不定式：,There are much work for me to finish,有许多工作要我去完成。,I want to see you again.我想再见到你。,动词不定式的时态：,I helped him put the things into the car.我帮助他把东西
13、放进了汽车。,动词不定式一般时：表示动作和句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生。,Would you like to have a rest.你愿意休息一下吗？,They seems to have known the answers.他们好像知道了答案。,动词不定式完成时：表示动作在句中谓语动词的动作之前发生。,We are sorry to have kept you waiting so long.对不起，我们让你久等了。,动词不定式进行时：表示动作同句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，强调动作正在进行.,They seem to be working hard.他们好像在努力工作。,动词不定式的被动形式：表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。,There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。,He is the man to be examined.他是受检查的人。,
