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1、立足学情，讲求实效，创建高效,文府中学：王 宏,一、分析学情,1.写作话题面窄：课内话题；2.写作时间少：无专门写作课；3.写作形式单一：缺少学法指导；,二、制定计划,依据：1 学情：基础较弱；2 距离中考的时间紧迫：120多天；3 中考写作命题特点和评分标准：不押题；采意不采点。,措施：每周一节专门写作课，时间为90分钟，精讲、精练、详批、详改、详评。侧重点：1 审题，确定文体；（议论文，记叙文，说明文）2 写作模式，不同文体要有不同的开头、主体段和结尾；3 写作方法，如比喻、排比等，适当增强 文章的可读性。,香坊区一模或市模前分5课时进行：第一课时：解读中考有关写作的内容；议论文指导与训练
2、第二课时：议论文作文讲评；记叙文指导与训练第三课时：记叙文作文讲评；说明文指导与训练第四课时：说明文作文讲评；应用文指导与训练一第五课时：应用文指导与训练二,香坊区一模或市模后：限时写作训练：1 列写作提纲；2 同一话题不同文体；3 不同文体的开头、结尾及主体段等。,书面表达写作指导与训练系列一,一等文：1215分 文章结构严谨；叙事完整；语言丰富优美；语法准确；可读性强。,补充：立意准确，积极向上。,给分范围,二等文：9 11分 文章结构合理，但叙事不够完整；能用完整的句式，语言比较流畅；有些语法错误，但不影响意思表达；可读性较好。,补充：内容过于平淡。尤其是记叙文，要选取新鲜的事例。,给分
3、范围,三等文：6 8分 四等文：0 5分,可能出现的问题：,1.文体（记叙文、议论文、说明文）不符，降一个等次；,2.书写潦草，以致影响交际扣1分；,3.标题有误扣1分（体现文体和文章中心）。,评分标准,列纲：判定文体（记叙文、议论文、说明文），拟标题；,2.打草稿：三段式 第一段 交待话题；第二段 展开记叙、议论和说明；第三段 进行总结、提升和号召。,写作步骤,3.改草稿：添加适当的关联词或词组，如：however,besides,bothand,as you know,as the saying goes,all in all,in one word,not onlybut also等。修
4、改词汇，多使用所学过的词组和句式，如：so that,in order that,sothat,tooto,spend in doing 等，感叹句、反意疑问句、祈使句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等。,写作步骤,4.抄写：干净清晰。,写作步骤,一、命题类型：,议论文,1.“一分为二”的观点。如：网上购物的 利与弊。若结论是利大于弊，则有利 的方面多阐述一点。,2.“二者选一”的观点。如：毕业班学生 应不应该参加课外活动。,3.“我认为”型。如：我对合作的看法。,二、写作步骤：,议论文,1.开端：简洁明了地亮出观点。,2.主体段：提出两个或两个以上的论据，并对此用一两句话分别阐述。如：Firs
5、t,cooperation can improve our friendship.In the course of cooperation,we need to communicate.So we can make friends with others.,3.结尾：重申观点，与开端呼应。,三、常用的衔接词和词组,议论文,1.起：用于开端，引出扩展句。如:firstly,at first,in the beginning,to start with,first of all,in the first place,2.承：承接上文，引出下文。如：after that,a few days lat
6、er,also,too,besides,furthermore,whats more,in other words,of course,三、常用的衔接词和词组,议论文,3.转：表示不同的或相反的意思。如：but,although,though,even though,however,unfortunately,4.合：总结上文。如:above all,in a word,as a result,therefore,all in all,from what I have said,在当今社会中，人们越来越能感受到合作的重要性。合作(cooperation)与竞争(competition)同样重要
7、，是走向成功的必要因素。合作精神无论在学习、工作、比赛甚至在比赛中都显得无比重要。那么你是如何看待合作这个问题的呢？,佳作赏析 月考作文,见试卷,我们生活在一个团结互助的和谐(harmonious)社会里，当我们国家面临灾难和困难时，除了政府的努力外，还有那么多志愿者们默默地伸出援助之手，他们无时不刻不在感动着整个社会。那么身为中学生我们应不应该做志愿者呢？请以此为话题谈谈你的感想。,精彩试题训练,范文见试卷,书面表达写作指导与训练系列二,优点：,1.中心突出：能紧扣“志愿者”这一话题,作文讲评,2.结构合理：开端、主题段、结尾,3.运用所给汉语材料,4.运用关联词、短语、感叹句、从句等,不足
8、：,1.标题书写不规范：每个字母都大写 VOLUNTEERS,作文讲评,2.写作思路有偏差：做志愿者的益处,错误：Thank volunteers,volunteer work,不足：,3.论据：不充实、不恰当（地震奥运）、不深刻，说服力弱；,作文讲评,4.语法错误严重。,精彩开头：9.2 刘畅,佳作赏析,In August,2008,there were many lovely people everywhere in Beijing.Who were they?They were volunteers.They became the most attractive scenery in B
9、eijing.So lets be volunteers.,精彩开头：9.5 吕游,佳作赏析,As the saying goes,“No one is an island.”Everyone cant live well without others help.So I think we should be volunteers to help others.,精彩论据9.2李梦馨,佳作赏析,Whats more,to be a volunteer makes the world much more beautiful.When something terrible happens,thos
10、e people will feel warm if they see volunteers work hard around them,then they may become volunteers to help others.In this way,love will be passed one by one.,精彩论据9.2 郭瀚擎,佳作赏析,Second,you can feel more love around you.When you see people who are in trouble,you will feel you are lucky enough.And we o
11、ught to value the things that we have now!,精彩论据9.2 马云飞,佳作赏析,Next,to be a volunteer can make the society just like a big family.Theres a saying,“A friend indeed is a friend in need.”When volunteers help others,they may be friends.In this way,the whole society will be like a big family.Finally,volunte
12、ers can play an important role in big events.During the Olympic Games,volunteers gave the best service.Everyone was satisfied with them.They are also the pride of China.,How important the volunteers are!Volunteers are the sun of the society.Volunteers are the power that can encourage people to keep
13、going.,佳作赏析,精彩结尾：9.5 冯佳,精彩结尾：9.2庞昆维,佳作赏析,There are many benefits of being volunteers,so lets try our best to be volunteers.If everyone can be a volunteer,our life will be filled with love and kindness.Well,dont you want to be a volunteer now?,精彩文章：13分 李航 12分 陈宇菲、谭欣宇 见试卷,佳作赏析,一、命题类型：,记叙文,1.写人：如，介绍一位你
14、心目中的英雄 围绕这个人物写一件事或几件事。,2.写事：如，介绍一件自己成功的事 以事件为中心组织材料。,二、写作注意事项：,记叙文,1.写人：通过典型、新鲜、感人的事例来 反应人物性格特点；,2.写事：写清when,where,who,what,how/why.故事要完整，有条有 理，有铺垫，有高潮；,3.时态：一般采用过去时。,经典写人记叙文开头：,MY MOTHER,Who gives me a hand when Im in difficulty?Who can laugh with me when Im happy?This person is my mother.She is no
15、t only my best friend,but also my teacher in my life.,经典写人记叙文结尾：,MY MOTHER,Maybe my mother isnt very beautifulor clever,but I believe she is the best mother in the world.She gives sunshineto my life.Thank you,Mother!,经典写事记叙文开头：,MY EXPERIENCE OF SUCCESS,Whenever someone mentions the experience of suc
16、cess,a feeling of pridealways comes into my heart.It gives meenergy and right attitudes to my whole life.,经典写事记叙文结尾：,This is my experience of success.Life is like a high mountain.We may meet all kinds of difficulties.The winner is the only one that never gives up.I believe everyone will see the brig
17、ht tomorrowafter fighting against wind and rain withnever-give-up attitude!,MY EXPERIENCE OF SUCCESS,我们需要关爱别人，我们也需要被别人关爱。在我们身边有那么多人在默默地关爱着我们父母、老师、朋友，甚至是素不相识的人.是他们的爱让我们的生活充满阳光！那么请你介绍一个最关爱你的人吧！,精彩试题训练,范文见试卷,书面表达写作指导与训练系列三,优点：,1.开头结尾好，能够运用比喻排比手法,作文讲评,2.事例选取比较新鲜，情节比较完整,不足：,1.事例叙述过于简单，导致文章结构不合理，即开头结尾长，主体
18、段太短；,作文讲评,2.单词拼写和语法错误非常严重，如：时态，固定短语等。,精彩开头：排比式 9.4 李航,佳作赏析,In the big world,the sunshine loves flowers most and the land loves grass most.However,who loves me most?I think she is my grandma.,精彩开头：排比式 9.5 王俊澎,佳作赏析,Who makes breakfast when I get up?Who gives a glass of milk when I study in the evening
19、?Who offers me anumbrella when it rains?The person is my mother.I think the person who cares about me most is my mother.,The tree is the birds sun because it gives them home.The sea is the fishes sun because it gives them space to live in.In my mind,my grandma is my sun because she gives me love.She
20、 is the person who cares about me most.,佳作赏析,精彩开头：比喻式 9.2 陈宇菲,Care is the gentle wind,it brings us spring.Care is the sunshine,it brings us warmness.I live a life that is filled with care.And the person who cares about me most is my father.,佳作赏析,精彩开头：比喻式 9.1 王烁,精彩文章：13分 谭欣宇 12分冯佳、杨晶洁、夏幪幪 见试卷,佳作赏析,典型
21、病例,作文修改,名词的单复数问题词类错用主谓一致问题词语搭配错误时态和语态问题Chinglish 现象,Its pleased to be cared.冯佳,pleasant,Once I did bad in the exam.陈宇菲,badly,I can grow up happier and healthier.卢悦,more happily and healthily,1 词类错用,It was difficult and tired for her to do that.李航,tiring,There was quite a few snow on his head.王烁,much
22、,I past the next exam successfully.,passed,Their love make our life full of sunshine.赵云龙,makes,My eyes was filled with tears.李航,were,Ill treat you better than you does.王烁,do,2 主谓一致问题,shout to sb.,at,take me to the hospital,hospital,on the next morning,the next morning,3 词语搭配错误,Thank for Mom.,Thank y
23、ou,Mom.,care me,care about me,make a lie,tell a lie,Nobody can be instead of her.,take her place,I couldnt help crying because I am moved by my mother.赵云龙,was,When I was 8 years old,I have a bad cold.杜卓然,had,4 时态语态问题,While I was worried,my teacher was coming in.石滨,came,She asked me kindly if I was h
24、urt myself.刘桐琦,hurt,Its her writing,李梦馨,It said,My dream was having a healthy body.周小琳,in good health,5 Chinglish 现象,I lost my head and shouted at her.高莹,I was so angry that I,Im warning you!Dont try my patience!金梦琳,Im tired of you!Dont disturb me!,I think the all over worlds mothers are like this.严
25、佳欣,the mothers all over the world,This thing moved me to tears.卢悦,I was moved to tears.,一、写作要求：,说明文,客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识和信息，不需要发表自己的主张和论证。要与议论文区别开来。,如：我们应不应该保护环境呢?我们应该怎样保护环境呢？,请通过一件小事的记叙来表现你是怎样保护环境的。,（议论文）,（说明文）,（记叙文）,一、写作要求：,说明文,如：我们应不应该做志愿者呢?我们应该如何做一名志愿者呢？,（议论文）,（说明文）,如：我们应不应该学好汉语呢?我们应该如何学好英语呢？,（议论文
26、）,（说明文）,二、说明文种类：,1.事物说明文：介绍家乡哈尔滨/学校,2.事理说明文:如何保持健康/面对困难,说明文,出题较少,出题较多,三、说明文写作步骤：,说明文,1 审题，确定主题句和时态（以一般现在时为主）；,2 将说明的要点表达出来（注意使用过渡词）first of all,next,whats more,3 总结,经典说明文开头：,HOW TO FACE DIFFICULTIES,Difficulty is like an earthquake,it can break your heart,destroy your life.In the world,everyone will
27、 certainly meet many difficulties.How to face them,please follow my tips.,经典说明文结尾：,Now you can see,theres no need to worry about the difficulties,because we have many ways to overcome them.So everyone lets live both bravely and happily.,HOW TO FACE DIFFICULTIES,经典说明文开头：,HOW TO HELP OTHERS,In the wor
28、ld,there are many people who need help.Perhaps theyre poor,perhaps theyre in trouble.We want to help them.But how to help others?Heres some advice for you.,经典说明文结尾：,My dear friends,do you know how to help others now?I think if we help othersthey will live better than before.How great that is!So lets
29、 learn to help others.,HOW TO HELP OTHERS,月亮有阴晴圆缺，大海有潮涨潮落，人生也如此，在我们的人生道路上会遇到很多困难挫折。那么我们应该如何面对这些困难挫折呢？,精彩试题训练,书面表达写作指导与训练系列四,优点：,1.语法错误率大大降低；,作文讲评,2.可读性大大提高，短语、句型、关联词、谚语等运用自如，原创句子增多；,3.与前几次比较，好文章越来越多。,不足：,结尾没有体现说明文特点，如：Herere the ways to face difficulties.,作文讲评,2.主体段面对困难的方法太平淡，重复，如：confidence,never-g
30、ive-up attitude,3.difficulty,difficulties 运用混乱。,精彩开头：9.4 高莹,佳作赏析,Life is not always full of roses.There are many difficulties in our life.Someone beats difficulties,however,someone is beaten by difficulties.How to face them?,精彩开头：9.1 周小琳,佳作赏析,The moon isnt always round and the sea isnt always calm.O
31、ur life cant be perfect at any time.We should face difficulties in a right way.So let me show some advice to you!,精彩开头：9.2 刘畅,佳作赏析,Everyones life cant be perfect.We all experience happiness,sadness,success and difficulties.As the saying goes,“Difficulties arent terrible.The most important is how we
32、face them.”Now I have some tips for you.,On the other hand,overcoming diffi-culties also needs your courage.A manwho has much courage can face themcorrectly.They wont escape.Instead,they will fight against it bravely.So we should have enough courage to make us solve problems step by step.,佳作赏析,精彩主体段
33、：9.1 李禹辰,解释得详细，令人信服。,My dear friends,do you know how to face difficulties now?The way to success is full of various difficulties.Lets get brave and strong!,佳作赏析,精彩结尾：9.5王俊澎,Now you see,if we deal with difficulties bravely,well never be beaten for anything.If you remember all the tips,I think you hav
34、e taken the first step.So lets be positive to face difficulties together!,佳作赏析,精彩结尾：9.2 夏幪幪,According to the above,do you know how to face difficulties?Lets regard themas steps to success or parts of life and say,“We are ready!”,佳作赏析,精彩结尾：9.3 杨伟艺,精彩文章：13分 高莹、陈宇菲、周小琳、李梦馨、夏幪幪12分 刘畅、王烁、杨伟艺、李禹辰、王俊澎、谭欣宇
35、见试卷,佳作赏析,应用文写作训练,2009年中考应用文范围,1 书信 Letter,2 电子邮件 E-mail,3 日记 Diary,4 通告 Notice,6 海报 Poster,7 天气预报 Weather forecast,8 个人简介 Self-introduction,5 留言 Message,中考应用文评分标准 共5分,1 突出应用文的写作特点（格式内容）1分,2 信息完整 1分,3 语言准确（单词拼写，语法结构，词汇使用等）1分,4可读性强（关联词，从句，语句通顺等）1 分,5 不少于5个句子 1分,应用文写作步骤：,1 阅读中英文，找到并画出信息,2 明确应用文的格式和特点：称
36、呼、开头、结尾、落款。,3 打草稿，不少于5个句子,4 检查修改：关联词、短语、从句等,1 书信 Letter 2 电子邮件 E-mail,注意事项：,1 称呼：Dear,2.回信：Im happy to hear form you.Thank you for your letter.Thank you for writing to me.,注意事项：,3.开头常用句子：,How is everything?I hope everything is all right.How are you getting on these days?,注意事项：,4.结尾常用句子：,Best wishes.
37、Please write to me soon.Im looking forward to hearing from you.,5.落款：,Yours,Your son,Your student,精彩试题,假如你叫陈晓，你的美国朋友Jack在四川抗震救灾中做志愿者。请根据他的来信内写一封回信，感谢他为灾区所做的一切。要求至少写5句话覆盖所有信息，条理清楚，语意连贯，字迹工整，句式规范。,信息1 感谢他为灾区所做的一切,精彩试题,Dear Chen Xiao,I havent received a letter from you for a long time.How are you getti
38、ng on with your study?Im very busy these days.Many people died or lost their homes in the earthquake.I do my best to help the people in trouble with soldiers and doctors.Though Im tired,I feel proud of myself.What will you do to help?Well,good luck with your exams!Yours,Jack,信息2,信息3,精彩范文,Dear Jack,I
39、m happy to hear from you.Thank you for giving so much help to China.Im busy preparing for my exams these days.However,Ill give help to the people in Wenchuan as well.Ill give away money and provide them with some food.Im looking forward to your reply!Yours,Chen Xiao,3 天气预报 weather forecast,注意事项：,1 开
40、头语：,Welcome to listen to the weatherforecast for tomorrow/the following week.Heres the weather forecast for,注意事项：,2.结束语：,Thats all for today.Thanks for watching/listening to todays weather forecast.,注意事项：,3.适当增加一些话来增加文章色彩：,Its perfect for a walk.Youd better put on more clothes.,注意事项：,4.时态：,现在时态或将来时态
41、,Here is the weather forecast forIt will be rainy,snowy,sunny,windyThere will be rain,snow,a stormIt will rain,snow The temperature will be to The highest/lowest temperature will be,易错点：改错,Its a weather forecast of Harbin of tomorrow.There will be rainy in the afternoon.There will be strong wind.,It
42、s a weather forecast for Harbin for tomorrow.,There will be rain in the afternoon.,There will be a strong wind.,Harbin will have a strong wind.It will be rain in the morning.The temperature is 15 to 25,There will be a strong wind in Harbin.,It will be rainy in the morning.,The temperature will be 15
43、 to 25.,精彩试题,请根据所给信息对明天的天气作以预报。要求至少写5句话覆盖所有信息，条理清楚，语意连贯，字迹工整，句式规范。,精彩范文,Welcome to listen to the weather report for Harbin for tomorrow.It will be sunny in the morning.The temperature will be 1 to 8.Its perfect for a walk.However,it will be rainy and windy in the afternoon.Of course,it will be colde
44、r.And the temperature will be-3 to 5.So,youd better put on more clothes.Thats all for today.Thanks for listening.,书面表达写作指导与训练系列五,4 个人简介 Self-introduction,注意事项：,1开头语：,Hello,everyone.Id like to introduce myself,Glad to meet you,everyone.My name is,注意事项：,3 结束语：,I hope we can get along well with each ot
45、her/be friends soon.,Would you like to be my friends?,2 介绍内容：姓名、年龄、爱好、性格等。,信息1,假如你叫Tonny，因父母的工作原因与他们来到中国，到一所中学就读，老师让你介绍一下自己。请根据以下信息写应用文，要求至少用5句话表达相关内容并覆盖所有信息。,精彩试题,信息2,精彩范文,Glad to meet you,everyone.My name is Tonny Green.Ive come here with my parents because of their work.I was bornin London in 199
46、5.So Im 14 now.I like swimming and seeing movies in my freetime.Besides,Im an outgoing and helpful girl.Im good at English and Id like to help you with it.I hope we can be friends soon.Thank you.,5 日记 Diary,注意事项：,1 格式：April 7,2009 Tuesday Sunny,2 时态：过去时为主,3 结尾写出自己的感受（现在时态）,信息1,今天是2009年3月29日，星期日，多云，今
47、天早晨，你和你的同班同学刘力去了一家孤儿院(an orghanage),你们做了许多有意义的事情。下面请你写一则日记，同时写出你的感受。要求覆盖所有信息。,精彩试题,信息2,信息4,信息3,精彩范文,March 29,2009,Sunday Cloudy Today,I went to an orphanage with my class-mate Liu Li.We got there at 9:00am and went back at 3:30pm.We sang songs and told stories to the lovely children.Whats more,we fl
48、ew kites with the children and enjoyed ourselves.Though we are tired,we are proud of ourselves.,6 留言 Message,注意事项：,1 开头语：交待写留言的原因,I called you,but you didnt answer.I went to your house,but you werent in.,2 在交代事情时要礼貌客气；,你叫李明，Molly 是你的同学,精彩试题,你去她家找她，但她不在,假如你叫李明，Molly是你的同学。今天你去她家想告诉她明天看电影的事，但是她碰巧不在。于是你
49、给她写了一个留言条。请根据以下内容写应用文，要求至少用5句话表达相关内容并覆盖所有信息。,信息1,信息2,信息3,精彩试题,精彩范文,Dear Molly,I went to your home but you werent in.Id like to tell you something.Would you like to see the movie“Bolt”with me tomorrow?I hear its very interesting.Lets meet at Wanda Cinema at 9:30am,shall we?Youd better take some popco
50、rn and drinks with you.If you get some questions,please call me and my phone number is 86237098.Li Ming,7 通知 Notice,注意事项：,Notice/NOTICEBoys and girls,Attention,please.要通知的事情、地点、时间和注意事项。发通知的人或单位,1 格式：,注意事项：,2 时态：将来时为主,3 多用简单句和祈使句,精彩试题,2009年5月4日是第90个五四青年节(Youth Day)，为了庆祝这个节日，学校要组织同学们进行一场演讲比赛。假如你是王帆，请你
