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1、介词prep.,介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。,介词的主要分类：,1.at the cinema,in the hospital _2.Write with a pen,go by bus _ 3.in summer,on Septemper 1st _4.by the way,at last,in the end _,地点介词,方式介词,时间介词,固定搭配,1.简单介词:at、in、on、for、to,2.合成介词:within、inside、onto、throughout,3.
2、短语介词:according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of,4.双重介词：from behind/above/under,5.分词介词：considering,including,judging from/by,介词的分类(一),介词的分类(二),一、表时间介词二、表地点介词三、表原因介词四、表方法、手段介词五、其它常用介词,since 接过去的某时间点,常用于完成时.for 接一段具体的时间,常用于完成时.,（1）表时间的介词1）at,in on表示时间点用at。例如：at six oclock,at noon
3、,at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century,in 2002,in may,in winter,in the morning,in the afternoon 表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday,on July 1st,on Sunday morning,常用介词辨析,由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯
4、系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：I havent heard from him since last summer.自从去年夏天，我再也没有收到他的信。After five days the boy came back.五天后，这男孩返回来。,2）since,after,in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。after与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：He will be back in two months.他在两个月后回来。He will arrive after fo
5、ur oclock四点钟后，他到达。He returned after a month.一个月后，他回来了。,3）in,after,在句中空格上填上适当的介词 1.What will happen _ the 22nd century?2.The story of The Long March took place_ the 1930s.3.A terrible riot broke out _ 1989.4.A terrible riot broke out _ January,1989.5.A terrible riot broke out _ January,15th,1989.6.Ge
6、nerally,fishing is forbidden _ Spring.,in,in,in,in,7.The train leaves _ 6:00pm,so I have to be at the station_ _ 5:40 at the latest.,on,in,at,by,13.Did you witness the traffic accident _ a rainy morning?14.Traffic jams are quite usual _ Friday afternoon.15.The City Library opened _eight_the morning_
7、 this week.16.Days _ Monday_ Friday are called weekdays.17.You may go to have breakfast _6 oclock _ 8 oclock.,1,on,on,at,in,from,不填,to,between,and,18.It is said that the railway will be put into use _ three months.19.WW began in 1939 and _ 6 years it came to an end.20.She is always talking _lunch ti
8、me.21.She is always talking _ lunch.,1,after,in,during/at,over,22.I didnt go to sleep _ deep into the night.23.China has experienced great changes _ liberation24.China has experienced great changes _ 60 years.,until,since,for,on,down,under,up,below,over,above,beneath,根据汉语提示，填写正确的介词1._在某地点(表示比较小的地方)2
9、._在某地(表示比较大的地方)3._ 在上面(有接触面)4._在上方 5._在正上方 6._在正下方，在以下 7._在下方(不一定是正下方),atinonaboveover under,below,2,9._靠近10._在的旁边(比near的距离要近)11._在两者之间 12._在两者以上之间13._环绕，在的周围，在的四周 14._在对面15._在后边 16._在之内(表示静态)17._进入,near/next to by betweenamongaround/aboutoppositebehindininto,2,18._从出来 19._沿着20._经过 21._横过(平面物体)22._贯
10、通，通过 23._去/朝 24._从地点起 25._在的前面 26._在的前部 27._ 在中部,out of along pastacross through to/for/toward from in front of in the front of in the middle of,2,28._ 在中心 29._在腹地 30._在的脚下 31._ 在的底端 32._ 在的后部 33._ 在的顶部 34._超出(范围)，在较远的一边 35._越过36._ 倚靠,in/at the center of in the heart of at the foot of at the bottom
11、of at the back of at/on the top of beyond overagainst,常见易混介词辨析,1.above,over,on 在之上,above侧重相对水平高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词是below”在之下“over侧重于垂直高度，即位于正上方，其反义词是under on侧重于与物体表面的接触，其反义词是beneath,in on to,on，over，under,below,above,1.watch out,there is a heavy box _ your head.2.the sun is _ the mountain in the east.3.t
12、here are some stamps _ the desk.4.a little mouse is _ the table,so its not easy to find it,over,above,on,under,over,across,through,2.across,through,over,past,along,Across”横穿，穿越“，表示运动发生在物体的表面或横过.through”穿过，越过”，表示运动发生在某物的空间内或纵向穿过 over”跨过，越过“，表示运动发生在物体的上方。past“从旁经过”，表示运动发生在某物旁边。along 表示沿着一条线平行.,He walk
13、ed _ the fields.He walked _ the forest.My house is just _ the street.Water will be pumped _ a pipe.The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,_ deserts,_ mountains,_valleys,till at last it reaches the sea.6.Walk _ the street,and youll see the post office.,across,through,across,across,through,thr
14、ough,over,along,3.表方位的介词in,on,to,off的区别 Guangdong lies _ the south of China and Fujian is _ the east of it.Hainan is _ the coast of the mainland.A.in;in;on B.in;on;off C.on;to;on D.in;to;away in 表示在境内.on 表示在边界上接壤,不在境内.to 表示在境外,不接壤.off 表示在靠近海岸的地方.,B,4.表示地点时 at,in,on 的区别1 My uncle lives _ 116 Changhe
15、Street.His room is _ the sixth floor.A.at;on B.to;at C.on;in D.of;to at 表示在较小的地方(村庄,小城镇,门牌);in 表示在较大的地方(国家,城市);在某物范围内.(地点 的排列顺序是由小到大.on 表示在某物上(表面接触);road 前用on,street前用 in/on;楼层用on;farm前用on,field前用in.,A,5.介词 among 和 between 的区别 He divided the sweets _ the children who were divided _ three groups.A.in
16、;in B.into;into C.between;in D.among;into among 表示三个或以上的人或物之间,between 用于两者之间,或三个以上的两两之间 He divided the sweets _ Tony and Berry.,D,between,6.before,in front of,in the front of,before 表示在空间的位置，意为“在面前、眼前”，多用于抽象概念或表示顺序。in front of“在前面”，常表示建筑物或无生命的物体的具体位置，反义词为behind in the front of“在前部”，它表示的是在某一具体范围之内的前部
17、。,A comes _ B in the alphabet.,before,7.after,behind 在之后,after 多指动作，顺序的先后 behind 表示静态位置的前后,Winter comes _autumn._the hospital lies a river.,after,Behind,at,in,onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.他昨他天到达上海。They arrived at a small village before dark.他们在天黑前到达
18、一个小村庄。There is a big hole in the wall.墙上有一个大洞。The teacher put up a picture on the wall.老师把一幅画挂在墙上。,（2）表示地点的介词,over,on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：There is a bridge over the river.河上有一架桥。We flew above the clouds.我们飞
19、越云层。They put some flowers on the teachers desk.他们把一些花放在讲桌上。,over,above,on,in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：There are some tall trees in front of the building.在大楼前有一些高树。The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老师坐在教室前面,4)in front of,in the front of,介词往
20、往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to,laugh at,get to,look for wait for,hear from,turn on,turn off,worry about,think of,look after,spendon,等。,3.介词的固定搭配,（2）介词与名词的搭配on time,in time,by bus,on foot,with pleasure,on ones way to,in trouble,at breakfast,at the end of,in the end等。（3）介词与形容
21、词的搭配be late for,be afraid of,be good at,be interested in,be angry with,be full of,be sorry for等。,在句中空格上填上适当的介词，并总结其用法规律1.The soldier was severely punished _having disobeyed the order.2.The old man died_ hunger on a cold night.,for,of,3.The little girls hands turned red_ cold.4.The pupil didnt go to
22、school _ _ his illness.5.He did it totally _ _ kindness,not for the money.,3,with,of,out of,because,3,表示原因的介词主要有：for，用于常见结构：thank sb.for(doing)sth.praise sb.for(doing)sth.reward sb.for(doing)sth.scold sb.for(doing)sth.punish sb.for(doing)sth.criticize sb.for(doing)sth.,3,apologize to sb.for(doing)st
23、h.charge sb.some money for(doing)sth.2.of/from,用于常见结构：die of；die from；be tired of；be tired from;suffer from 3.with,用于常见结构：be pleased with；be bored with；be satisfied with；be angry with;with anger;with cold,3,4because of，同义表达有：on account of;as a result of;due to;owing to;thanks to 5.out of，接抽象名词，有“出于”
24、之意。,指出画线介词或介词短语的用法1.Most of the time,we communicate each other by email.,by 常接交通工具，通讯工具，此时名词用单数且其前无修饰词。如：by plane，by bus,by radio,by telephone，by hand等。也可接动名词，表方式。,步行坐公交车坐火车坐地铁乘船乘飞机骑自行车开车,常见交通工具的表达,动词/动词短语 walk take a/the bustake a/the traintake the subwaytake a/the boattake a/the planeride a/the bi
25、ketake a/the car,介词短语 on foot by bus by train by subway by boat by plane/air by bike on a/the bike by car in a/the car,Do you go to school _ _(坐公交车)？2.He _ _ _(坐地铁)to work?3.Tom _ _ _(骑自行车)to school.4.She often walks to school.(同义句转换)She often _ to school _ _.,by bus,takes the subway,rides his bike,
26、goes on foot,2.Please fill in the form in pen.,4,请用钢笔字体填表。in后接抽象名词，通常表“用字体”，“用语言”，“用颜色”等，如：in blue ink,in English,in ballpoint(in ballpoint意为“用圆珠笔字体”，with a ballpoint意为“用圆珠笔”)，表示用何种字体时，书写工具名词用单数且其前无修饰词。,3.Man creates lots of things with his hands.,4,人类用双手创造出许多东西。with 常接表达具体工具的词，如：with a pen,with a h
27、ammer有时也可接语言，如：with your own words(用自己的话)。,7.You shall give me a reply in_the_form_of letter.,4,in the form of 表“以何种形式”。,6.People from different cultures can even understand each other by means_of gestures.,by means of 表“以何种方式”。,4.Its quite strange that the worker trapped underground should have sur
28、vived on a piece of bread.,on 表“凭借、依靠”，又如：live on grass,5.Only through practice can we gain useful knowledge.,through 强调“经历、经过”。,表示除-之外的介词 He usually goes to work on time _.A.except for raining days B.besides it rains C.but that it rains D.except on rainy days besides 表示包含,除.之外还有.except 表示排除,除.之外.bu
29、t 表示排除,多与nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who 等连用.except for 表示除去整体中的部分,“只是,只不过”_ basketball,I like playing Pingpang.You have no choice _ work hard.Li Long is a good student _ his laziness.,D,Besides,but,except for,表示价格,比率,标准,速度的介词 at 表示价值，价格,比率或速度,表单价.for 表示交换,指总价钱 by 表示度量单位或标准.后接表计
30、量单位的名词一般是单数,前面需加定冠词the.数词或复数名词前不加.We are flying _ a speed of 400kms/hr.I bought these books _ 5 dollars each.I bought these books _ 30 dollars.He is paid _ the week.Eggs are sold _ the dozen.,at,at,for,by,by,看似相同，但意义有别的词组英语中有一些介词词组和动词词组，它们从形式上看似乎基本相同，但在意义上却截然不同。要是我们在记忆上对这类词组不加以重视，使用时就很容易望文生义，甚至张冠李戴。
31、为此，把这类词组归纳如下：,(1)at table在进餐at the table在桌子旁（=beside the desk）(2)at desk在读书或做作业 at the desk在书桌旁(3)at school在校上学（指学生）at the school在学校（指教职工）(4)in front of the bus在公共汽车的前面（不在车上）in the front of the bus在公共汽车的前部（在车上）(5)at sea在航海中 at the sea在海边(6)by day白天 by the day按日，论日(7)behind time误期 behind the time落后于时代(8)in class在上课，在课内 in the class在这个班(9)in bed 卧床，在睡觉 in the bed在床上(10)in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱(11)in red穿着红色的衣服 in the red负债，亏损(12)in hospital住院（指病人）in the hospital（因事）在医院,
