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1、初中语法连词,连词的概念和分类,连词是一种在句子与句子之间，短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词，它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。,并列连词,并列连词连接的双方是对等的。常有的并列连词有and,bothand,eitheror,neithernor，not onlybut also,as well as等。但如果连接的两部分意义不趋向一致，意义有转折的并列连词有：but,however,while(而)，only(只不过)。还有表示选择关系的并列连词，如：or,or else,otherwise 再有的是连接双方，互为因果，或表示前因后果的连词有：fo
2、r,so,therefore(因此)，then等。,从属连词,从属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句，如：that,if,whether,其次用来连接状语从句。、其中有原因状语从句常用的连接词有：when while,as,since,before,after,once,as soon as,until,till 连接条件状语的连词有：if,unless,as long as 等，而原因状语的连接词有because,since,as,now that(既然)。目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有：so that,sothat,suchthat,asas,than,where 它
3、们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。,And 和or 连接词性结构完全相同的两个部分，and 的意思为和，以及，or 意为或者还是。Tom and Mary are singing and dancing at the party.Mike says that he loves his job and that he will devote his life to it.Do you go to school on foot or by bike?,祈使句后用and,and 后的句子用一般将来时。Go straight,and you will see the library.祈使句后用or,句子的
4、意思为否则，不然Work hard,or you will fail.,and 连接两个或两个以上的人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Or 连接的短语作主语时，谓语动词就近原则。Tom and Jack _going to the cinema.Mr.Wang or Igoing to your school.,主语用and 连接，谓语是否定式构成完全否定。Tom and Mary can not speak Chinese.,判断改错：Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.Theysatdownandtalkedaboutsomething.Theystartedto
5、danceandsang.Theystartedtodanceandsing.Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere.Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperingthere.解析：第一句：and连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk应改为talked。第二句：and连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang应改为sing。第三句：and连接感观动词saw后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。,20.2比较and和or 1)并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句
6、。2)但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon.Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。典型例题-Idontlikechicken_fish.-Idontlikechicken,_Ilikefishverymuch.A.and；andB.and；butC.or；butD.or；and 答案C。否定句中表并列用or,but表转折。,2)bothand两者都 Sheplays(both)thepianoandtheguitar
7、.,3)notonlybut(also),不但而且）Sheplaysnotonlythepiano,but(also)theguitar.就近原则Not only you but also I _ wrong.Not only I but also you _ wrong.注意：notonlybutalso关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。Notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome.,4)neithernor意思为既不也不“He plays neither basketball nor football
8、on Saturday.谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。Neitheryounorhe_toblame.,表示选择的并列结构 1)or意思为否则。Imustworkhard,orIllfailintheexam.2)eitheror意思为或者或者“You must come either on Monday or on Tuesday.。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。EitheryouorI_right.,表示转折或对比 1)but表示转折，while表示对比。Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.典型例题-Wouldyouliketocome
9、todinnertonight?-Idliketo,_Imtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but 答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。2)notbut意思为不是而是 not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but(thebones)ofahumanbeing.,表原因关系 1)for 判断改错：Forheisill,heisabsenttoday.Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放
10、在两个分句中间。2)so,therefore Hehurthisleg,sohecouldntplayinthegame.,真题练习,1 We bought Granny a present,she didnt like it.A.but B.and C.or D.so 答案 A.析 由于句意的原因，应选择转折连词。2 Run quickly,well miss the early train.A.and B.but C.so D.or 答案 D.析 or这里应译为：否则。3 Ill give the book to him he comes back.A.since B.as soon as
11、 C.before D.until 答案 B.析 as soon as 引出的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作。,4 Dont cross the road the light turns green.A.when B.while C.until D.as 答案 C.析 until应译为直到才，因为前面的祈使句为否定句。又如：She did not go to bed until her mother came back.应译为直到她妈妈回来她才睡觉。5 Miss Gao has been a teacher 1990.A.before B.after C.since D.in
12、答案 C.析 因为主句为完成时，所以应用 since表示该动作的启始点。,6-Which would you like better,tea milk?-Tea,please.A.but B.and C.or D.with 答案 C.析 在疑问句与否定句中应用or来表示一种选择。7 We love spring theres beautiful flowers every where.A.though B.but C.or D.because 答案 D.析 因为这里表示的是因果关系。,8 Please leave 7,then youll be able to get there earlie
13、r.A.till,in B.from,/C.before,/D.behind,to 答案 C.析 before为在之前离开。9 The teacher didnt begin the lesson all the students stopped talking.A.until B.after C.if D.because 答案 A.析 这句应译为直到所有的学生都停止讲话老师才开始上课。因begin为瞬间动词，所以应用否定句。,10 Betty didnt go to see the film yesterday she was ill.A.but B.until C.if D.because
14、 答案 D.析 这里是表示因果关系，所以应用because。因为她病了所以未去看电影。11 You must start right now,youll miss the train.A.for B.and C.so D.or 答案 D.析 or译为否则。本句句意为：你必须马上走了，否则要赶不上火车了。12 he is a child of six,he can read and write.A.Whose B.If C.Though D.Because 答案 C.析 这种状语从句在英语中称为让步状语从句，应译为：虽然他才是个6岁的孩子，他却可以读书和写字。,比较,1.as/because/s
15、ince2.because/because of 3.if/whether 4.sothat suchthat5.so that sothat,选择正确的连词填空,1._ I had a cold,I was absent from school.2.We had to stay at home last Sunday _ the bad weather.3.He asked me _ I hadnt finished my work.4.Nobody knows _it will rain tomorrow.5.I cant decide _ to stay.6.It was _ a fin
16、e day that we went out for a walk.,判断正误：,1.Although he was poor,but he was happy.2.While the policeman got here,the alien was walking on the street.3.He would have died unless the doctors had saved him.4.Im sorry,for I wont be able to come tonight.5.Just because they make more money that I do,so they seem to look down on me.,Homework,完成剩余练习。复习连词的用法。,
