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1、Unit 3,Understanding Science,MATTERS OF LIFE AND DEATH Medicine and Health,1900:Patients battle illness,while doctors can do little more than counsel(劝告)and comfort them and keep them clean.,Today:Doctors treat and often cure patients with a vast array(一大批)of medicines and medical technologies,but s
2、ome diseases are still incurable.,RESEARCH INTO OURSELVES Human Behavior,1900:There is no cure for the mentally ill,who are confined to insane asylums(精神病院).“Mind”and“body”arethought of as two separate things.,Today:Mental illness can be treated with a range of therapies(治疗)and medications.We know a
3、 great deal about the chemistry and the parts of the brain that control our behavior and thoughts.,FASTER,CLOSER,BETTER Technology,1900:The only way to view the Olympic Games in Paris is in person.News about the Games travels to America via(通过)telegraph and is printed in newspapers.,Today:Millions w
4、orldwide watch the 2008 Beijing Olympics on television,transmitted instantaneously(瞬间地)by satellite.The news spreads as well by radio,newspaper,and the World Wide Web.,ORIGINS Earth and Life Science,1900:There is no good explanation for catastrophic events such as earthquakes.The Earth is thought to
5、 be a mere 50 million years old,and the evolution of species is hotly debated.,Today:The plates(板块)that make up the Earths crust(地壳)move over time,causing earthquakes and volcanoes.The Earth is known to be 4,500 million years old.The genetic code of DNA,which drives evolution,is better understood ev
6、ery day.,Brainstorm some of the scientific and technological inventions.,cell phonee-maillaptop(笔记本电脑)nanotechnology(纳米技术)genetic engineeringclonenuclear weapons,Discussion,Do all these inventions always change our lives for the better?Give examples to explain your opinion.,Brief Introduction to Ste
7、phen Hawking,Chronology of Stephen Hawking,1942 Born in Oxford,England.1958 Entered Oxford University and became especially interested in thermodynamics(热力学),relativity theory,and quantum mechanics(量子力学).1962 Received a bachelors degree in physics and then enrolled as a research student in general r
8、elativity at the Oxford University.,1966 Earned his Ph.D.degree at the University of Cambridge.Stayed at the University of Cambridge to do post-doctoral research.Diagnosed as having Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS)(肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化).,1977 Became a professor of physics.1979 Appointed Lucasian Professor o
9、f Mathematics at Cambridge,a post once held by Isaac Newton.This is a picture of Stephen Hawking,“Isaac Newton”and“Albert Einstein”.,斯蒂芬威廉霍金，英国剑桥大学应用数学及理论物理学系教授，当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论家，是当今享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，被称为在世的最伟大的科学家，还被称为“宇宙之王”。70年代他与彭罗斯一起证明了著名的奇性定理，为此他们共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖。他因此被誉为继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家。他
10、还证明了黑洞的面积定理，即随着时间的增加黑洞的面积不减。这很自然使人将黑洞的面积和热力学的熵联系在一起。,Oxford University,University of Cambridge,A Brief History of Time,One of his books to make his work accessible to the public.,Frankenstein,or The Modern Prometheus,generally known as Frankenstein,is a novel written by Mary Shelley.The title of the
11、 novel refers to a scientist,Victor Frankenstein,who learns how to create life and creates a being in the likeness of man,but larger than average and more powerful.In popular culture,people have tended incorrectly to refer to the monster as“Frankenstein”.,Exposition vs.Narration,Expository writing:l
12、onger sentences,longer paragraphs;1.third-person narration;2.sentences in the passive voice.,A typical piece of expository writing begins with a statement of opinion,then goes on to give supporting details.Para.3Part 2.a mini-exposition,Part Division of the Text,likely 系常用词，指从表面迹象来看很有可能。possible 指由于
13、有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调客观上有可能，但常含有实际希望很小的意思。Is it possible to get to the city by train,or must I take a bus?,probable 语气比 possible 强，指有根据、合情理、值得相信的,带有大概、很可能的意思。It is probable that he has forgotten our appointment.,do without:manage to survive,continue,or succeed,although you do not have sth.you need
14、I havent enough money to buy a car,so Ill just have to do without.,highly:adv.1)Very Mr.Smith was a highly successful salesman.2)to a high degree Most of the people present at the meeting are highly educated women.highly 指的是抽象意义上的“高”。a highly paid official,put/turn the clock back:return to a situati
15、on that used to exist,usually because the present situation is unpleasant.Forget all about it and look to the future;you cant turn the clock back.,inquire 是较正式的书面用词，渴望知道某人或某事的确实情况。He inquired your telephone number.ask 是最常用词,指为了了解某人或某事而提出问题,请别人解答或向别人打听消息。Excuse me.May I ask you a question?question 指对
16、某事不断提出问题，以便了解详细情况The suspect was questioned by the police.,informed:adj.knowing things;having all the informationKeep me informed of fresh development.inform 向某人传递信息,特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料（可以用于上级对下级，也可以用于下级对上级的通知）。I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former headmaster,Mr
17、.Reginald Page,will be retiring next week.,tell 最通用，最不正式。指把某事告诉某人。Glancing at her scornfully,he told her that the dress was sold.他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖掉了。instruct 较正式，意为“指示（一般用于上级对下级），通知”。,The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the he
18、ight of the wall.编辑立即给这位记者发了一份电报，叫他查明台阶的准确数目以及围墙的高度。,basis 多用于比喻，指信念、议论等的根据Charity toward others is the basis of her philosophy.慈善待人是她人生观的基点。base 多用于指有形的或具体的基地或根基，尤指军事或工业方面的基地。We picnicked at the base of the mountain.,foundation 强调基础的稳固与坚牢，可用于比喻。Those thoughts rocked her assurance to its foundations.那些想法从根本上动摇了她的信念。,
