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1、,完 型 填 空 Cloze,概述：完型填空的目的主要是测试学生综合运用语言的能力，也即理解篇章和使用词汇和语法的能力。,特点：首先测试的就是学生对文章的理解能力，在文章被抽去10个词后仍然可以明白全文大意。对于它的四个选项，如果孤立地看对应挖空的句子，每一个选项无论从内容，词性，语法上都是满足要求的，所以解该类题的时候必须结合上下文语境，这是它与单选题最大的区别。,考试大纲规定：填空的词项包括结构词和实义词。,结构词：也称虚词，有代词、冠词、介词、连词、关系词等，主要是表示语法结构关系的，在选用结构词时便需要考虑在语法上是否恰当。,实义词：包括名词、形容词、数词、动词和副词，对于它们的选择既
2、要看其意思用在句中是否得当，也要看它与其他词的搭配关系是否合适。,命题规律：1.短文一般在150-200词，10个空。2.选材一般以记叙文为主，夹叙夹议，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。另外，偶尔也会考察议论文或者说明文。3.文章的内容一般是贴近学生实际，贴近生活的事例或道理。4.文章逻辑性强，结构严谨，层次分明。5.难度起伏不大。,解题方法,1.第一遍先浏览全文，不看题中所给选项，试着去揣测应该填的词，对文章的主旨大意有大致了解。,注意：a.所给文章一般没有标题，文章的首句一般不设空，而往往首句是全篇的关键句，起着概括和预示全文大意的作用，常含有解题
3、和理解全文大意的有用信息（when,where,who,how,why,what），并且首句的时态往往也是全文的时态，所以，要重视首句，充分理解首句。,eg.Jenna(who),a popular girl from Westwood Middle School,had graduated first in her class and was(时态)ready for new challenges(what)in high school(where,when).,b.除了首句，文章每一段的第一句话也值得注意。因为它们也往往是该段的中心，或者是该段与上一段的过渡。,c.最后就是看结尾句，一般有
4、总结全文的作用，概括或揭示文章要说明的道理。,eg.High school was just as her mom said:”You will feel like a small fish in a big pond instead of a big fish in a small pond.The challenge is to become the best fish you can be.”（高中正如妈妈所说的：你就像一条大池塘的小鱼而非小池塘的大鱼，挑战将成就最棒的你）从中我们可以结合首句大胆猜测，文章应该是写关于作者在高中遇到挑战并成功的事情，再结合全文，就不难理解文章大意了。,2
5、.第二遍逐字逐句地读，并开始解题。,注意：a.看清上下文，找准定位词，特别注意一些副词，如however,but,on the contrary等(表转折)；at the same time,in addition,besides,meanwhile等(表并列)；because(of),result from,for,due to,owing to等(表原因)；so,therefore,lead to,result in,at last等(表结果)；for one thing,for another等(表列举)；first,and then,thirdly,next,finally等(表顺序)
6、；although,though,despite,still,anyhow,unless等(表让步或条件)。,b.通顺逻辑，寻求搭配。这种时候选项中的词组一般是易混淆词组，或者是要求填介词，这就要求学生对固定搭配，介词的运用有扎实的基础。,c.了解相关常识，确定相关知识。,eg.Immediately,the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the _ hospital.A.animal B.biggest C.plant D.nearest因为在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一反应肯定是到最近的医院，故选D,d.看清执行者，确定所选词。
7、看清楚主语是很重要的。,eg.Japan is an island country and its _ go all over the Pacific Ocean looking for fish to _.A.fishing boats B.lifeboats C.planes D.trains A.buy B.catch C.weight D.hold只有fishing boats能到太平洋捕鱼，所以选A；捕鱼用动词catch，所以选B,e.牢固掌握重点单词词组词意，用法及语法知识。,eg.if you can say to a friend,”I got my feelings hurt
8、”,_“You hurt my feelings”,you can solve the problem much faster.A.other than B.rather than C.or rather D.or else other than 除了 rather than 而不是 or rather 更确切的说 or else 否则 故选B,实题演练,One night I decided to spend some time building a happier and closer relationship with my daughter.For several weeks she
9、had been _me to play chess(棋)with her,so I suggested a game and she eagerly accepted.It was a school night,however,and at nine oclock my daughter asked if I could _my moves,because she needed to go to bed;she had to get up at six in the morning.I _she had strict sleeping habits,but I thought she oug
10、ht to be able to _some of this strictness.I said to her,”Come on,you can stay up for late once.Were having fun.”We played on for another fifteen minutes,during _ time she looked _.Finally she said,”Please,Daddy,do it quickly.”“No,”I replied.”If youre going to play it well,youre going to play it,A.gu
11、iding B.asking C.training D.advising A.change B.repeat C.hurry D.pass A.knew B.learned C.guessed D.heard A.put up B.take up C.pick up D.give up A.when B.what C.which D.that A.excited B.proud C.anxious D.angry,B,C,A,D,C,C,slowly.”And so we continued for another ten minutes,until _my daughter burst in
12、to tears,and admitted that she was beaten.Clearly I had made _.I had started the evening wanting to have a happy time with my daughter but had _my desire to win to become more important than my relationship with my daughter.When I was a child,my desire to win _me well.As a result,I realized that it
13、got in my way.So I had to change.,A.nervously B.immediately C.strangely D.suddenly A.a mistake B.a decision C.an attempt D.an afford A.managed B.recognized C.allowed D.reduced A.offered B.served C.controlled D.taught,D,A,C,B,解析：ask有请求之意，符合语境要求。而guide，train，advise均有长辈（上级）对晚辈（下级）的引领、训练、建议的含义。由下文的she h
14、ad to get up at six in the morning以及下文的Daddy,do it quickly可以暗示，女儿一直在催促父亲加快下棋的步伐。根据情景分析，父亲对女儿的作息时间了如指掌。即用knew。而learn 了解；guess 猜测；hear 听说，均不符合。由上文语境分析，父亲认为女儿可以放弃一些严格的睡眠习惯，即迟睡一次。give up 放弃，符合句意。put up 张贴；take up 从事；pick up 捡起。这里考查的是非限制性定语从句，在非限制性定语从句中，有介词时只能用whichwhom，所以此处只能用which。,根据上文信息句：We played on
15、 for another fifteen minutes和下文的do it quickly可知，女儿很焦虑，故用anxious。根据语境分析，父亲执意要下棋，而女儿没有耐心了，突然哭了。故选D。根据文章的发展脉络，最后一段是文章思想提升部分，即父亲意识到自己犯了一个错误：本想与女儿处理好关系，结果为了满足自己的求胜欲，战胜了女儿，让女儿扫兴，故确认自己是犯了错误（mistake）。根据语境分析，只有allow符合结构要求，allow sb.sth.to do sth.其他词无此搭配。根据上下文分析，父亲之所以如此好胜，是因为当父亲是孩子时，求胜的心态让父亲受益匪浅（serve me well），而不是offer 提供；control 控制；teach 教。,
