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1、,情态动词modal verbs,1.-Is John coming by train?-He should,but he _ not.He likes driving his car.(2002高考题）A.must B.can C.need D.may2.It has been announced that candidates(候选人)_ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.(2002上海高考题）A.can B.will C.may D.shall3.-I heard they went skiing
2、 in the mountains last winter.(2002北京高考题）-It _ true because there was little snow there.A.may not be B.wont be C.couldnt be D.mustnt be,请把下列词语组合成句:,1._,(play,interesting,must,be,new,the)for the director is so famous.2.See how happy he is today!_ _.(failed,he,cant,in,the,have,exam)3.Peter isnt in the
3、 classroom._ _.(may,playing,he,with,be,his,basketball,friends),The new play must be interesting,He cant have failed in the exam,He may be playing basketball with his friends,1.I dont know where she is,she _ be in Wuhan.2.At this moment,our teacher _ our exam papers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3.The road is wet.I
4、t _ last night.(rain)4.Your mother _ for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。,may,must be marking,must have rained,must have been looking,5.Philip _ seriously in the car accident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.6.-Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.-She _(go)by bus.7.Mike _ his car,for he came to work by bus this mornin
5、g.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐 公共汽车来上班的。,may(might)have been hurt,may(might)have gone,cant have found,考纲解读,每年的高考英语的单选题(15个)中就有一、二个是对情态动词和虚拟语气的测试。试题的特征不会有显著变化，即：立意仍将不偏不怪，情景仍将逼近真实，设问角度仍将综合化和细微化。情态动词重点情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”，情态动词表示“必要性”等方面的用法。,返回目录,知识要点,情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“
6、需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和动词原形构成谓语。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。,返回目录,情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name?我能知道你的名字吗？Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗？You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多
7、，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,ought to,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would).,情 态 动 词 的 位 置,情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词放在主语之前。I can see you.Come here.我能看见你，过来吧。He must have been away.他一定走了。What can I do for you?你要什么？How dare you treat us like that!你怎么敢那样对待我们!,情 态 动 词
8、的 特 点,情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。He could be here soon.他很快就来。We cant carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。Im sorry I cant help you.对不起，我帮不上你。,must,can/could,may/might 的用法,must,1.must 表示推测时，只能用于肯定句。,e.g.这个电脑肯定出了问题。,There must be so
9、mething wrong with the computer.,你努力学了一整天，一定累了吧,You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.,must,can/could,may/might 的用法,注意：must用于肯定句中可表示“偏偏”。Naturally,after I told her what to do,my daughter must go and do the opposite.自然地，在我交代女儿做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反的事情.,2.must+be doing/do 表示对现在的动作进行肯定推测,e.g.他现在一定在看小说.
10、,He must be reading novels now.,他们买了一辆新车。他们一定很有钱.,They have bought a new car.They must have a lot of money.,3.must+have done 表示对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断,e.g.他们在玩篮球，他们一定完成了作业。,They are playing basketball,they must have finished their homework.,路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。,The road is wet.It must have rained last night.,对现在
11、或将来情况推测：must+动词原形。must只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用cant和can。e.g.He must tell a lie.Can he tell a lie?He cant tell a lie.*must-should/ought to may-might/could+do可能性依次减弱,(对过去情况推测：must may,might)+完成时。e.g.You must have met him before.mustmaymight可能性依次减弱must只能用于肯定句，译成“一定”。否定和疑问分别用cant/couldnt和can/could。e.g.Could/Can i
12、t have happened last night?It couldnt/cant have happened last night.,He must be reading,isnt he?You must do it yourself,dont you?He must have gone over the article,hasnt he?It must have rained last night,didnt it?,表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成,must 和haveto,1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用neednt或dont have to，做“不必”,mustn
13、t表示“禁止，不允许”,e.g.MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?,Yes,you must.No,youneednt.,Youmustntgetoffwhilethecarisstill moving.,e.g.I dont like this TV set.We must buy a new one.There was no more bus.They had to walk home.,2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。,have to,have
14、 to 表示客观需要去做的事情，意为“必须，不得不。”e.g.I have to get the station early to catch the first train.We missed the bus so we had to walk home.We have to overcome all kinds of difficulties.,have to 有多种时态。常见的有:一般将来时 We will have to gather at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.一般现在时 I have to take more money with me bec
15、ause my wife has so much to buy.一般过去时 Finally,we had to give up our idea to hold a picnic outside as it rained for a whole afternoon.,have to（考点）,Must they do?Yes,they must.No,they neednt/dont have to.,must&have to,can,could 和be able to的用法,e.g.She can/be able to sing the song in English.This machine
16、 can make you feel comfortable.,1.can,be able to都可表示“能力”,Can的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人,can,could 和be able to的用法,e.g.Well be able to finish the work soon.I havent been able to see the film.,2.can只用于现在时和过去时(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。,could用于表示泛指过去的能力。e.g.IcouldreadwhenIwasfour.,Although the soldier was bad
17、ly wounded,he was able to tell what had happened.,3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。,e.g.Hewasabletoescape fromEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.Hewasabletoswimbeforehegottired.,表示过去的能力,can/could,1.can/could 表示推测时，只能用在否定句或疑问句中。,e.g.Its so late.Can Tom be reading?,Can it be Mr.Green?,这个人不可
18、能是玛丽，她生病了。,It cant be Mary.She has fallen ill.,她不可能在说谎。,She couldnt be telling lies.,在疑问句中 could 比can 更有礼貌，在此不是can的过去式。e.g.Can you wait a moment please?Liz,can you do me a favor?Excuse me,could you tell me the way to the station?I wonder if you could help me.(请求),2.can/could have done 对过去发生行为的可能性进行推
19、测:,刚才我还看见他了，所以他不可能出国的。,I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.,门是锁着的，所以她不可能在家。,The door was locked.,She couldnt have been at home.,3.can/could have done“本可以，本来可能已经”用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断.,e.g.你本来可以考的更好。,You could have had a better mark.,may/might,1.may/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不
20、大。,e.g.她们明天可能会到这里来。,They may come here tomorrow.,他们可能还在等我们呢。,They may be still waiting for us.,2.might 可用于指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小。,e.g.他也许在做功课吧。,He might be doing his homework now.,我问他我是否可以离开。,I asked him if I might leave.,I asked him“May I leave now?”,3.might/may have done,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测。,e.g.他可能去医务室了。,
21、He may have gone to the clinic.,他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。,He might have read about the news in the newspaper.,4）may 表示许可，表示允许别人做某事，也可征求对方的许可。May I open the door?We may keep the book for two weeks.5）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!May you have a nice trip!,表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测,must,对将来 对现在 对过去,情态动词
22、,may,might,cant,couldnt,can,could,+V.+V.+have done常见must be+be doing,+V.+V.+have done+be doing 可以用not表示“可能不”,+V.+V.+have done+be doing,+V.+V.+have done+be doing,Will/Would you do?(表请求would 更委婉)表意志，愿望，决心would表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向“总是,总要”used to表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯）“过去常常”used to 可于状态动词连用would不可以e.g.He used to be
23、a quiet boy.()He would be a quiet boy.(),will/would,shall/should,1.shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。e.g.1)You shall go with me.(命令)2)You shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)3)He shall be punished.(威胁)2.shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。e.g.4)Shall we begin our class?（征求意见）5)When shall
24、 Mike be able to leave hospital?(请示),3.用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。6)“The interest _be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides.”declared the judge.A.may B.should C.must D.shall,用于表达合理推断。e.g.It is three oclock,the football game should begin now.Mary took dancing lesso
25、ns for years,she should be an excellent dancer.,2.should 的用法,2.should 的用法,注意：should可表示“居然，竟然”。e.g.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.,e.g.Young people should learn how to use computers.Every citizen ought to obey law.You ought not to go.,3.should常表示劝告、建
26、议、命令，与ought to意义相近，但ought to多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替ought to。,e.g.You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier.She shouldnt have left without saying a word.,4.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到但没有做到”,用于否定则表示“本不该但”ought to的语气更强烈.,need/darea.need 表需要和必须常用于否定句和疑问句,neednt have done“本
27、不必做”b.dare 表敢,常用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。c.dare与need 用做实意动词时有时态，人称和数的变化,但dare用于否定句和疑问句时常接不带to的不定式,need后要接带to的不定式。,Need I do?Yes,you must.No,you neednt.,dare&need,情态动词考题:,1.-Did the train arrive in time?-No.It _ two hours ago.A.must have arrived B.ought to have arrivedC.must arrive D.ought to arrive2.Must I dri
28、ve to his house and pick up the children?No,.A.you shouldntB.you might not C.you neednt D.you mustnt,B,C,3.We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday.He it.A.mustnt have attended B.cannot have attended C.neednt have attended D.would have not attended,B,4.You _ such a long composition.The teacher only
29、 asked for 300 words.You have written 600.A.mustnt have written B.couldnt have written C.neednt have written D.do not have to write,C,5.There is someone knocking at the door.it be Tom?A.can B.must C.should D.ought to6.Two years ago,my husband bought me a bicycle.If you live in town,it is often faste
30、r than a car and you worry about parking.A.must notB.may not C.should notD.dont have to,A,D,1.Judging from his accident,he must be from the south,2.Tom bought a lot of apples.He must like eating apples,3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off.They must be sleeping now,isnt,he?,didnt he?
31、,arent they?,因must后是实意动词like,因must后是系动词 be,must后接的是be sleeping，是对正在进行的情况推测,1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term,hadnt we?,3.He must have gone to Beijing,didnt it?,hasnt he?,若句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，用过去完成时完成反意疑问句,若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反意疑问句,若句中不含任何时间状语，用现在完成时完成反意疑问句,2.It must have rained last night,for the road was very muddy，,
