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1、增强书面表达效果的技巧,词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。,运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉。,使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。,一、使用较高级的词汇,1、这件工作挺难的。,That is a difficult job.,challenging/demanding,2.几天前，我碰巧遇到了一个老朋友。3.努力使我们的生活变得更好。,We try our best to make our life better.,Several days ago,I happened to meet an o
2、ld friend of mine.,A couple of days ago,I came across/bumped into/stumbled on an old friend of mine./(,it so happened that I ran into),make every effort to make unremitting/joint efforts tospare no effort to better our life,像access,available,annoyed,appealing,charming,cute,confused,contact,challengi
3、ng,considerably,consequently,demanding,essential,exceptional,fascinated,locate,participate,quit,significant,schedule,terrific,等单词，均可视作高级词汇。,1.The second half the 20th century saw great changes in the city.Skyscrapers _(have been built quickly);,have sprung up,使用使用较高级词汇,6.,it represents the _(highest
4、 level)of Chinese architecture,7.We need the will and the wisdom to _(use)tools.8.Thus,the penguins were _(rob)of their natural habitat.,peak,apply,deprived,peak hours,the peak of life,apply a new method,apply theory to practice,be deprived of ones rights,正确把握遣词造句的原则,（）尽量使用同义词避免简单重复如“增加”可用 increase,
5、rise,grow,climb,go up,soar等；“重要”可用 important,critical,vital,significant,crucial等。,Summary,（）尽量使用词性变化来丰富自己的表达手段和汉语一样，变化词性也是丰富英语表达的重要途径，是学习者提高英语水平的重要标志。英语学习者如果能够用to voice some different opinions 来替代to give/express some different opinions;或to double/triple 来表示翻倍或增加三倍则会使文章在表达上更为形象而生动。,（）尽量使用派生形式来点缀文章亮点英
6、语的构词特点就是使用前缀、后缀来完成灵活多变的语言特色。例如，it is of great importancehelp/use/significance 来替代 it is very important/significant/helpful/useful 本身就是英语水平的一个综合展示。另外，考生作文如果能够出现not unnecessary/not unimportant 来表达非常重要或者必要，则更能显示考生的英语功底。,二、使用较丰富的句式,1.When he arrives,please give me an e-mail.(使用V-ing形式)2.To his surprise,
7、the little girl knows so many things.(使用名词性从句)3.Once it is seen,it can never be forgotten.(用过去分词),On his arriving,please give me an e-mail.,What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.,Once seen,it can never be forgotten.,4.He did not know what had happened until he had read the
8、news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型)5.I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气）,It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.,I couldnt have passed the physics exam but for your help.,6.She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(使用过去分词)7
9、.They sang and laughed as they went back to school.(使用V-ing形式),Singing and laughing,they went back to school.,Followed by many students,she walked out of the lab.,8.I wont believe what he says.(使用状语 从句)9.The girl is spoken highly of.Her composition was well written.(用定语从句)10.It is great fun to climb
10、 the hill.(用感叹句),No matter what he says,I wont believe.,The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.,What great fun it is to climb the hill!,11.If you study hard,you will make rapid progress.（用并列句）12.He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.(使用倒装句)13.People
11、 suggest that the conference be put off.(改被动语态),No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.,Study hard,and youll make rapid progress.,It is suggested that the conference be put off.,练习利用不同的表达方式表达同一个意思,1.我学英语和法语。I learn English and French.I learn both English and French.Besides E
12、nglish,I also learn French.Apart from English,I also learn French.I learn not only English but also French.I learn French as well as English.I learn English and French as well.,2.他尽力地来帮我。He did/tried his best to help me.He did what he could to help me.He did all/everything(that)he could to help me.H
13、e did as much as he could to help me.He did as much as possible to help me.,3.我决不嫁给你.I will never marry you.Never will I marry you.I will marry anybody but you.You are the last man I would marry.If you were the last man in the world,I would remain single.If you were the last man in the world,I would
14、 go to temple.I would jump into a well if you would marry me.,4.他做完练习后，便出去了(1)After he had finished the exercises,he went out.(2)After he finished the exercises,he went out.(3)Having finished the exercises,he went out.(4)Finishing the exercises,he went out.(5)After finishing the exercises,he went ou
15、t.(6)The exercises being finished,he went out.(7)The exercises finished,he went out.(8)The exercises having been done,he went out.,5.他昨天下午才来这里的.He came here yesterday afternoon.He didnt come here until yesterday.Not until yesterday afternoon did he came here.It was not until yesterday afternoon that
16、 he came here.,7.运用同一词语的不同句式结构 如“他写那篇文章花了三个星期”用take翻译：(1)It took him three weeks to write the article.(2)It took three weeks for him to write the article.(3)He took three weeks to write the article.(4)The article took him three weeks.(5)To write the article took him three weeks.(6)Writing the articl
17、e took him three weeks.,8.这小孩懂得多，我们深感惊讶。(surprise),(1)（so that句型）(2)（强调句型）(3)（定语从句）(4)（主语从句）(5)（主语从句）(6)（宾语从句）(7).(运用插入语或固定短语),The little boy knows so many things that we feel surprised.It is that the little boy knows so many things that surprises us.The little boy knows so many things which surpris
18、es us.What surprises us is that the boy knows so many things.That the boy knows so many things surprises us.We are surprised that the little boy knows so many things Much to our surprise,the little boy knows so many things.,段落里的句式应多样化,避免全用简单句，应交替使用简单句、并列句和复合句，使句子的表达形式多种多样。,Summary,三.使用恰当的连接词,正确使用转承语
19、。,转承语的作用是衔接句子和句子（或者段和段），用以表示上下句（段）之间的关系和语气。如果句子和句子之间不使用转承语，就使上下句之间的关系显得不明确，意思不连贯，读后令人感到别扭。,、表示时间顺序的转承语。,after a long/short time after a while afterwards since then since as soon as when while lately later soon recently at last eventually finallyimmediately right away at oncein the first place then f
20、rom that time on Meanwhile nextnow nowadays presently,Yesterday,We really had a hard time getting Peter out of the well he had fallen into.First we fashioned a rope by linking our beltstogether.Then we lowered it to Peter,telling him to grasp the end.After he had hold of the belt-rope,we began to pu
21、ll him slowly,inch by inch,out of the well.During his ascent,no one dared speak a word.Finally wecould grasp his arms,and with a shout of relief,we pulled him outontothe grassy bank.,、表示空间关系的转承语,before in front ofbehind between beyond beside under below beneath over above across against aroundfrom t
22、o on the left on the right to the lefton the opposite side on top ofat the bottom opposite to close at hand close to nearby,Our school library is behind our lecture hall.Infront ofit,thereis a beautifulgardenwithafountaininthecenter.On the left isourdining hall and on the right is our dormitory.,、表示
23、因果关系的转承语,because because of this as since for now thatdue to owing to thanks to for this reason if in this wayso therefore henceConsequently accordinglyas a consequence as a result,例The police found the stolen camera in his car.As a result,they arrested him as a suspect.例：It is necessary to have som
24、e background regarding the matter.For this reason,I have prepared this report.例：He was told to speak briefly;Accordingly,hecutshorthis remarks.,、表示比较或对比关系的转承语。,however whereas while but yet still despite in contrast on the contrary on one hand on the other hand instead different from also likewise s
25、imilarly equally(+adj.)in the same way,例Carters case was dismissed.Similarly,so were the charges against Smith.例：You werent boring me.On the contrary,youre interesting me frightfully.,、表示举例的转承语。,for example for instance such as take.for example a case in point in other words namely that is that is t
26、o say,例：John is a very impolite person.For instance,he is always interrupting a conversation.例：I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else-in other words,I was wasting my time.,F、表示递增的转承语,besides moreover whats more in addition furthermoreindeed in fact in particular
27、,例：She did not believe what he said;Furthermore,she even set about proving he lied.例：He wanted to prove his point.In fact,he spent hours of research to do so.,、表示总结的转承语,on the whole all in all to conclude to sum up in summaryin short in brief in conclusion in a word as has been noted as I have said,
28、例：In summary,Mrs.Smith states that going to school without breakfast will do great harm to childrens health.例：As has been noted,the need for courses in social consciousness is now.,H、表示顺序的转承语,first,second,third,last Firstly,secondly,thirdly,lastly开始陈述:at first,first of all,in the first place to begi
29、n with,to start with,in the beginning 表示递进:then,next,moreover,whats more,furthermore,still,also,besides,in ddition表示结束:Finally,in the end,Last and the most improtantly,Last but no least,在一个段落里，上下句之间有着结构和意思上的密切联系，选择句子表达方式时应该全面考虑，不能走极端。因此，选择句式时要从文体、语气、上下文等方面统筹考虑。,Summary,Tips on Writing Better,Utilize some high-grade words;Adopt a variety of sentence patterns;Employ some proper transitional or cohesive words.,Summary,
