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1、,动词的时态与语态,考点一：时态的基本用法,1一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作。We always_(照顾)(care)each other and _(帮助)(help)each other.表示现在存在的状态。The Yangtze River_(rise)in Qinghai.表示自然规律、科学事实、客观存在、谚语格言等。Light _(travel)faster than sound.Actions _(speak)louder than words.,care for,help,rises,travels,speak,2一般过去时表示过去已发生的但与现在没关系的事情，动作或情况(包
2、括习惯性动作)。He _(work)in the factory for 3 years.Now he is a teacher.表示过去经常发生的或习惯性动作。She often _(come)to help us.常用一般过去时具体谈论事情发生的时间、地点、方式、原因等情况。When _(do)the accident happen?,worked,came,did,3现在进行时表示 _。He _(show)a foreign guest round the city.We _(practise)spoken English this week.4过去进行时 表_ 你昨晚九点在 干什么？W
3、hat were you doing at nine last night?,正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作,is showing,are practising,过去某时刻正在进行的动作,5.一般将来时表示_。When will you give us a speech?We _(be)college students next year.6过去将来时表示_.The time was not far off when he _(regret)this decision.表示_。Whenever he had time，he _(help)them in their work.,将要发生
4、的动作或存在的状态,will be,从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。,would regret,过去习惯性的动作,would help,7现在完成时表示_。_（任何计划好了的事）is sure to change as one puts it into practice.(whatever)表示_，常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.We _(live)separately since last year.某些表示时间的词汇或短语常与现在完成时连用。lately/recently，just,already,yet,up to now;till now;th
5、ese days,so far，in/over/for the past/last+段时间等。I _(not have)enough sleep lately.The scientist is doing experiments no one has so far attempted.,have lived,havent had,过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,Whatever one has plannedWhatever has been planned,从过去发生一直持续到现在的动作或状态,8过去完成时表示过去某时间之前已完成的动作(即“_”)。By the end of June
6、 we _(treat)30,000 patients.在主从复合句中，如果一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前，这一动作要用过去完成时。When I woke up，it _already _ raining(stop).,had treated,过去的过去,had,stopped,9现在完成进行时表示某动作从_ 发生一直持续到_，且还可能进行下去。How long has it been raining?表示某动作持续时间太长，有令人疲劳或厌倦等含义。I _(sit)here all afternoon.10过去完成进行时表示过去某时间之前一直进行的动作。It _(rain)for two d
7、ays.The fields were all under water.,过去,现在,have been sitting,had been raining,11将来进行时表示将来某时刻_。I wont be free on Friday morning.I _(see)a friend off.12将来完成时表示将来某时_。By this time next year we _(turn)all the land into rice fields.,正在进行的动作,已完成的动作,will have turned,will be seeing,一般现在时：一般过去时：现在进行时：过去进行时：一般
8、将来时：过去将来时：现在完成时：过去完成时：现在完成进行时：过去完成进行时：将来进行时：将来完成时：,各种时态的结构,do/does,did,shall/will/be going to do,be(am/is/are)doing,be(was/were)doing,would/be going to do,had done,has/have done,have been doing,had been doing,will be doing,will have done,考点二：时态的特殊用法,1一般现在时表示按计划、规定、安排要发生的动作，主要指由时刻表、日程表规定循环进行的动作。When
9、does the train stop at Jinan?在时间、条件、让步状语从句中要用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来。Ill write to her when I _(have)time.Ill have a good time whether I_(win).well put off the sports meeting if it _(rain)tomorrow.Wherever you_,Ill follow you(go).,win,have,rains,go,2现在进行时表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。Were leaving on Friday.Are you stayin
10、g here till next week?表示反复出现的或习惯性动作，带有赞叹、厌烦等感情色彩。他总是想着别人。Hes always thinking of others.他总是乱扔东西。Hes constantly/continually leaving his things about.(厌烦),(赞美),3一般将来时表示倾向性动作。Oil will float on water.Crops will die without water.This machine wont work.机器不能运转了。Whats the matter with the pen?钢笔怎么啦？The ink w
11、ont come out.墨水不出了。,某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用_形式表示将来。I _(leave)for Beijing tomorrow.“祈使句+and/or+句子，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you _(find)a way.“am(is,are)going to+动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“am(is,are)about to+动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作，不可与具体时间状语连用。“am(is,are)to+动词原形”表示必须、必然
12、或计划将要做的事。They are _(marry)in this May.,am leaving,will find,to be married,现在进行时,4一般过去时I didnt know，I didnt mean，I thought等表示“原来不知道”“本没想”“原以为”。Sorry，but I didnt mean to hurt you.用于虚拟语气中。It is time that we went to bed.,5.过去完成时had hoped/expected/thought/intended/meant/wanted/supposed/planned，表示未实现的愿望、打
13、算和意图,意为“原希望/原认为/原打算/原计划”I _(hope)that I could do the job.I _(intend)to see you but I was too busy.,had hoped,had intended,考点三：固定句式或结构中的动词时态,1This/It is the first/second timethat从句。that从句中用_。如把is改为was，则从句中用_。This is the first time I _(come)here.It was the third time(that)he _(make)the same mistake.,h
14、ave come,had made,现在完成时,过去完成时,2It is/has been一段时间since从句。since从句中用一般过去时。如把is改为was，则从句中用_。It was ten years since we _(have)such a wonderful time.3was/were about to do.when.意为“将要做(这时)突然”。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.,过去完成时,had had,4was/were doing.when.意为“正在做(这时)突然”。They _(read)when To
15、m shouted in pain.5hardly.when.；no sooner.than.意为“刚刚就”。主句中用过去完成时，when和than 从句中用一般过去时。Hardly _ I _(get)home when the rain poured down.,had,got,were reading,考点四：时态的区别,1一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或情况，与现在没有什么联系，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时则表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情况，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与for或since短语连用。I didnt see her last we
16、ek.我上周没有见到她。I havent seen her since last week.自上周以来我一直未见过她。,一般过去时、现在完成时都可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。I _(live)in London for many years，and Ive got used to the life there.I _(live)in London for many years，but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.,区别：一般过去时表示某动作曾持续一段时间，但在过去某个时间就已终止；现在完成时则表示某动作
17、一直持续到现在，还没有终止。,have lived,lived,2一般过去时与过去完成时一般过去时多与last year，yesterday,3 years ago等表示过去的时间状语连用；过去完成时多与by the end of last year，the day before,3 years before等时间状语连用。A cold wind _(start)yesterday evening.A cold wind was blowing from the north.It _(start)the evening before.,started,had started,过去完成时一般不单
18、独使用，上下文中通常要有另一个过去的动作相比较。即：当一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前时，该动作才能用过去完成时。John _(plan)to spend$3,000 for his wedding.John spent$3,000 more than he _(plan)for his wedding.The girl next to me on the plane was nervous.She _(fly)before.比较：The girl next to me on the plane is nervous.She _(fly)before.,planned,had planned,
19、hadnt flown,hasnt flown,考点五 谓语动词的语态,一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：过去将来时：现在完成时：过去完成时：,被动语态的构成:,be done,am/is/are done,was/were done,shall/will be done,am/is/are being done,was/were being done,should/would be done,had been done,has/have been done,考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组不及物动词无被动语态 come true,consist of,take
20、place,happen,become,rise,occur,belong,break out,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeed Great changes have taken place in China.考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义，而且常与well,quite,easily,badly等副词连用，译为“.起来”。lock(锁)wash(洗);sell(卖);read(读);wear(穿);blame(责备)；ride(乘坐)；write(写)；break（破）玻璃容易破碎。The car rides smoothly.这箱子很好锁。,Glass breaks easily.,这车走起来很稳。,The case locks easily.,考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：It is said,It is reported,It is widely believed，It is expected,It is estimated,这些句子一般翻译为“据说”，“人们认为”，而“以前人们认为”则应该说：It was believed,It was said,
