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1、状语从句,定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语或是整个句子。,准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。,状语从句的位置比较灵活，有时可以放于句首，有时可以置于句末。状语从句位于句首时，其后常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。状语从句可以根据其用途分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句。,While I was wondering at this,our schoolmaster took his place.()2.Where there is a will,there is a
2、 way.()3.Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.（）4.Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.()5.So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.()6.As long as you dont lose heart,youll succeed.()7.Try as he might,he could not find a job.()8.
3、The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son.(),时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步,方式,状语从句的分类,1.时间状语从句：,引导时间状语从句的连词有：,when,while,as,the moment,before,after,till,until,since,as soon as 等。,请注意 when,while,as 的区别,连接词when的用法小结when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词 可以是可延续 也可以是表短暂性动作的动词(非延续性)。如When the film ended,the people went b
4、ack.When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore.2.可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于 and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：(刚要这时突然)记忆 Sb.was doing something was about to do sth+when was on the point of doing sth.had just done sth I was walking along the street,when I met himI was about to fall asleep when my siste
5、r came in.3.还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于since;considering that。如：Why do you walk when you have a car?既然你有车为什么要步行呢？.,1.while引导的动作必须是持续性的，在期间，往往指一段时间。如：While we were talking,he came in.Please dont talk so loud while others are working.2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。We are cleaning the classroom while they ar
6、e playing the football.3.while可表示尽管，相当于although。,连接词while的用法小结,while 含义：While I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend.(while=_)He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.(while=_)While I really dont like art,I find his work impressive.(while=_)While there is life there is hop
7、e.(while=_),when,although,as long as,but,连接词when,while,as的用法区别：1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也 可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如：When/While he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell ring.When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.(不可延续，短暂性动词，只可以用when，不可用while)2表示“随着”，连词用as，不用when或while。如：
8、As the day went on,the weather got worse.3如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when,while 与as 可互换使用。如：When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.4.从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。如 When you have finished your work,you may have a rest.When the chil
9、dren had gone to bed,she began to prepare her lessons.（这个时候的 when=after）,连接词before和since的小结：一、before含义1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.,
10、“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,二Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：Before they reached the station,the train had gone.,三1）句型It will be/was段时间before“还要过多久才”如：It will be two years before he leaves the country.2）句型It will be/was not一段时间before“多久就”如：It wasnt two years before he left the country.,since,在it is/has been+段时间+since从
11、句中，时间的计算从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：It is three years since she was in our class.It is three years since he lived here 她离开我们班有三年了。他不住这儿有三年了。比较it is three years since I smoked a cigar.It is three years since I began to smoke.我不吸烟有三年了。我吸烟有三年了,问题5:1.(03年北京)He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situat
12、ion _ it got worse.A.until B.when C.beforeD.as2.(06四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?He rushed out of the room_I could say a word.A.before B.untilC.whenD.after3.(05北京春)It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.A.before B.since C.after D.because,C,A,B,考点:as soon as“一 就”“刚.就”我一到达
13、上海就给你打电话。（时态）时态要求,I will call you as soon as I arrive in Shanghai.,从句以一般现在时代替将来时,No sooner than-一就He had no sooner arrived than he went away again.,No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.,no sooner than 用于句首要求倒装,Hardly when,Scarcely when,till,until和notuntil：1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词
14、 是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所 表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停 止”。如：We waited until he came.2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句 为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：It was not until you told me that I had any
15、idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.,1.It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply.A.since B.when C.as D.that,2.It was nearly a month _I received the managers reply.,3.It was nearly 9 oclock _I received the managers reply.,4.It was nearly at 9 oclock _I
16、 received the managers reply.,before,when,that,考点:易混淆句型it is+时间+since before when thatIt is five years _he finished his research.It was five years _he finished his research.It was five years later _he finished his research.It was 5 oclock _ he got home.It was at 5 oclock _ he got home.,when,that,sin
17、ce,before,that,Once you see him,you will never forget him.,Once-一但就,2.条件状语从句,引导状语从句的连接词有:,If,unless,as long as,in case,provided that,on condition that,If-如果,If you dont hurry up,you will miss the plane.,If it snows tomorrow,the flight will be canceled.,If you leave at 6 oclock tomorrow morning,youd
18、better get to bed now.,Unless-如果不,除非=if not,We cant get there on time unless we book the earliest flight,=We cannot get there on time if we dont book the earliest flight.,Dont trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you.,He will not join us unless he changes his mind.,As long as-只要,We will succeed a
19、s long as we keep on trying.,You cant play games as long as you remember the rules.,A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.,As(so)far as-据所知,As far as I know,he speaks English very well.,As/So far as I know,he is an expert on DNA.,In case-假使,如果 万一,The plane cannot take off in case it ra
20、ins.,Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.,Provided that 如果,有时省略 that,The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.,You can become a stewardess provided that you are in good shape and you have got the proper education.,On condition that-条件是,He said tha
21、t he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.,The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.,注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。,If he arrives tomorrow,I will be waiting for him at the airport.,He said he would not le
22、ave unless it was fine next day.,3.地点状语从句,地点状语从句只有两个连词:,Where,wherever,Where-在地方,Put the medicine where you can easily get it.,Where that high building stands,there used to be some low,deserted houses.,Where there is a will,there is a way.,Wherever-无论哪里,He follows her wherever she goes.,Wherever you
23、 are,I will be right there waiting for you.,在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。【误】You should put the book at where it was.【正】You should put the book where it was.你应该把书放在原来的地方。【误】We should go to where we are needed most.【正】We should go where we are needed most.我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。,4.原因状语从句,because,as,since,now that,和consid
24、ering that,for,seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱.,Because-因为,通常从句放在主句后.,Mr Smith was very upset because he couldnt find his luggage.,He said that he couldnt work because the computer was out of order.,because 和for的区别。for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。【误】For he did not obey the
25、rules,he was punished.【正】Because he did not obey the rules,he was punished.,As-因为,通常放在句首,As it is quite windy today,he decides,As he is honest and modest,all his friends like him.,Since-既然 因语气较弱,常译为既然,Since everybody has come,we can set off.,Since the purser didnt tell us what to do,we can relax.,No
26、w that-既然,Now that you are here,you can join us.,Now that all airlines offer discount prices,we should do the same.,considering that-顾及到,Considering that they are just beginners,they are doing quite a good job.,seeing that-由于,Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent,we decided toput the meeting of
27、f.,5.结果状语从句,引导结果状语从句的连词有：,that,so that,sothatsuchthat,So that-太以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词,有时省略so只用that,Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb.,The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.,So that-因而，以便，为了 有时so 可以省去,Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I
28、can put mine in the overhead bin too.,Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.,Such that-太以至于 用法与sothat相同，但such 后面应用名词。,The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.,6.目的状语从句,引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:,that,so that,in order that,for fear that,lest,Lets ta
29、ke the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.,(So)that-以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等,in order that-为了,与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等,School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.,for fear that-生怕;为了防止(某事发生),He took
30、 the name down for fear that he should forget it.,The instructor emphasized on the issue three times for fear that the students did not pay enough attention to the problem.,in case-万一,Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.,You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.,Please take
31、 an umbrella in case it rains.,Lest-以防万一,The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.,The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime lest they wouldnt finish the task on time.,7.比较状语从句,引导比较状语从句的连词有：,Asas,not so(as)as,.than,the more the more.,Asas-像一样,If yo
32、u dont want to miss the flight,you need to be at the airport as early as possible.,My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.,Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the body.,Not so(as)as-不像,The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.,The flight was n
33、ot so/as harmful as the captain predicted.,than-比怎么样，用于事物间的比较，more 后面用形容词或副词,People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs.,I personally think that the American movies are more interesting than Chinese ones,A beautiful form is better than a beautiful face;a beautiful b
34、ehavior(is)than a beautiful form.,The more,the more-越 越,The more he listened to that song,the less he enjoyed it.,The more things a man is ashamed of,the more respectable he is.,必背：常见的比较句型。,His father is twice double as old as he(is).His father is two times older than he.他爸爸的年龄是他的两倍。Our new school i
35、s three times bigger than the old one.我们的新学校比老学校大三倍。Our new school is four times as big as the old ne.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。Our new school is four times the size of the old one.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍。,8.让步状语从句,引导让步状语从句的连词有：,Although,though,as,even if,even though,no matter,however,whatever,while,whether,Although,tho
36、ugh-虽然 although 和though 可以互换，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。,Although it was raining,the plane managed to take off.,Although it was not his fault,he took all the blame.,Though he did his best,he didnt succeed.,Child though he was,he did quite well.,As-尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。,Busy as he is,
37、he never misses a football match.,Hard as she works,she makes little progress.,Even if/even though-即使,Even if you dont like your boss,you should do your work.,Even if you are not fond of flowers,you shouldnt miss the chrysanthemum exhibition.,Even though I might be wrong,I will go my way.,Even thoug
38、h his dean didnt mean it,he still felt embarrassed.,However-不论，however 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装,He couldnt get there on time however fast he drove.,The father couldnt make his daughter smile however hard he tried.,N o matter(what,when,where,how)-无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）,The old man wouldnt believe anything no matter
39、 what you said.,Please tell me the result no matter when you get it.,He wouldnt forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.,I will find you no matter where you hide.,Whatever-不管,Whatever other people may say,she wont change her mind.,Whatever you do,it wont affect our plan.,While-尽管,While I have sym
40、pathy for you,I cant help you.,While its none of my business,I will watch you.,Whether-不管，常与or not 连用,Whether he is good or not,the company decided to send him abroad.,Whether his proposal is practical or not,the department plans to adopt.,9.方式状语从句,方式状语从句常由:,as,as if,as though,as-与 一样,Do in Rome as
41、the Romans do.,Leave things as they are.,as if,as though-仿佛,由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气,She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting forsomeone.,1._ you decide to take up,you should try to make it a success.A.If B.Whenever C.Unless D.Whatever,2.It is foolish to take a taxi you can easil
42、y walk to the station.A.before B.that C.unless D.when,3.Ill accept any job,_ I dont have to get up early.A.even though B.though C.in case D.as long as,4._ problems you have,you can always come tome for help.A.What B.Whatever C.Whichever D.Which,6.-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her
43、?-Yes.I gave it to her _ I saw her.A.while B.the moment C.suddenly D.once,7.If we work with a strong will,we can overcome any difficulty,_ great it is.A.what B.how C.however D.whatever,8.I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A.since B.so that C.as if D.unless,9.John plays football _,if not better
44、than,David.A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as,10.-What was the party like?-Wonderful.Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A.after B.when C.before D.since,11.Dont change your mind,_ happens to you.A.which B.what C.whichever D.whatever,12._ he comes,we wont be able to go.A.Without B.Unless
45、C.Except D.Even,13.Nobody believed him _ what he said.A.even though B.even if C.no matter D.because,14.I was watching TV _ suddenly the lights went out.A.when B.while C.as D.for,15.Take your umbrella with you _ it rains.A.if B.as ifC.in case D.as long as,16.No sooner _ entered the office _I heard th
46、e telephone ringing.A.had I,when B.I had,than C.had I,than D.I had,when,17.I had hardly arrived _ he started crying to go home.A.as B.for C.when D.until,18.It wont be long _ you regret what you said.A.since B.when C.before D.till,19.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving,20._ the day went on,the weather got worse.A.With B.Since C.While D.As,
