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1、翻译技巧增词法,2023年7月29日星期六,2023年7月29日星期六,增词是指增加原文中虽无其词而实有其义的词，使译文更明确更完整，而不是无中生有地随意增加。增词法使译文既能忠实地传达原文的内容和风格，又能符合译入语的表达习惯。但增词必须是根据具体情况增加非增不可的词语。增词一般用于以下三种情况：一是为了语法上的需要；二是为了意义上的需要；三是为了修辞上的需要。,一、为了语法上的需要,1.增加量词,（1）增加名量词：请看教材P30（1）、（2）,a.Old age is like a plane flying through a storm.Once you are aboard,there
2、s nothing you can do.,老年就像一架在暴风雨中穿行的飞机，一旦你上去了，一切都将无能为力。,2023年7月29日星期六,b.A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.,一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。,（2）增加动量词 请看教材P31（3）、（4）,a.Once they had a quarrel.,有一次，他们吵了一架。,b.Herb gave her a sly look.,赫伯偷偷地看了她一眼。,2.增加表示时、体和语气的词 请看教材P31（1）至（6）,a.I had never thought Id be happy to
3、 find myself considered unimportant.But this time I was.,2023年7月29日星期六,以往我从未想过，当我发觉人们认为我是无足轻重时，我会感到高兴。但这次情况确实如此。,The old man said,“They say his father was a fisherman.Maybe he was as poor as we are.”,老头儿说：“听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。”,3.增加表示名词复数的词英语名词的数在汉语中的翻译,（1）英语名词有可数与不可数之分，这 导致英语名词单复数意义不同。如：,w
4、ater;waters,水；水域、河流,2023年7月29日星期六,b)sand;sands,沙子；大面积沙滩、沙漠,c)food;foods,食物；各种食品,d)lamb;lambs,羔羊肉；羔羊,e)rubber;rubbers,橡胶；胶鞋,f)force;forces,力量；军队,（2）许多英语单词复数概念在英译汉中不必译出。尤其英语习惯用复数而汉语习惯用单数的名词。如：,a)labor relations,劳资关系,2023年7月29日星期六,b)stores records,库存记录,c)bank clearings,银行结算,d)market forces,市场约束力,（3）增加具
5、体数目词语，如：,a)parallel barsb)seasons of the yearc)colors of the rainbow,双杠一年四季七彩虹,d)Yet I lived in the very underworld,rubbing shoulders with all walks of life that I had hated before.,我就生活在我曾憎恨的下层社会中，整天与三教九流的人摩肩接踵。,2023年7月29日星期六,（4）增加一些表示不确定概念的词语，如“们”、“若干”、“一些”、“有些”、“各”、“诸”、“全部”等；增加表示类属的词语；重叠量词或重复名词。如
6、：,a)flowers;stars;birds;animals;the Americas;directions;governments;factors;steps taken;hills;rivers,无数许多花；群星、繁星；鸟类；动物界；南北美洲；东南西北；各国/各级政府；诸因素；已采取若干措施；一座座山；一条条河,b)Youre sweet!Ill bet the other boys will be hopping mad tomorrow.,你真好！我敢打赌，明儿那些孩子一个个都会高兴得发疯呢。,2023年7月29日星期六,c)The nations of America are eq
7、ually sovereign and independent with those of Europe.,美洲各国同欧洲各国一样自主，一样独立。,4.增加原文中省略的词英语中常用省略句，翻译时要根据汉语的表达习惯，作些适当的增补。如：,a)I can say to you,without any flattery,that the Chinese way of co-operations is more inventive and fruitful than others.,我可以对你说我这样说没有任何奉承之意中国的合作方式比别国的合作方式更有特色，更有成果。,=I can say to y
8、ou,without any flattery,that the Chinese way of co-operations is more inventive and fruitful than the way of co-operations of others.,2023年7月29日星期六,b)The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress.,=The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were ready to serve their own
9、mistress.,仆人们愿意服侍她，就像愿意服侍他们的女主人一样。,c)Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness;affection weakness;thrift avarice.,=Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness;affection in excess becomes weakness;thrift in excess becomes avarice.,勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；节俭过度，即成贪婪。,2023年7月29日星期六,d)Better be wise by the defeat
10、of others than by your own.,=It is better to be wise by the defeat of others than to be wise by the defeat of your own.,从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。,二、为了意义上的需要英译汉有时有必要增加合适的名词、动词、形容词（或是功能相当形容词的名词）或副词，使译文意思清楚无误。,1.增加名词,（1）在不及物动词后增加名词,He spent most of his spare time at home,reading and drawing.,2023年7月29
11、日星期六,他大部分空闲时间都呆在家里，读书、画画。,（2）在形容词前增加名词,a.This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.,这部打字机真是价廉物美。,b.He was wrinkled and black,with scant gray hair.,他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。,（3）在抽象名词后增加名词 请看教材p35-36,Not to educate the child is to condemn him to repetitious ignorance.,不对儿童进行教育，就等于让儿童沦入世世代代的愚昧状态。,2023年7月29日星期六
12、,（4）在具体名词后增加名词,He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge,and declared his own son guilty.,他作为法官的职责战胜了父子之间的亲情，最终宣判自己的儿子有罪。,2.增加动词根据意义上的需要，可以在名词前后增加动词。,a.Some analysts say that the banks are anticipating money tightening actions by the Federal Reserve Board(联邦储备局).,一些分析家说，各家银行期望联邦储备局采取紧缩银根的行动
13、。,2023年7月29日星期六,b.For months I have kept on my desk a picture from a tabloid.,几个月以来，我桌上一直放着一幅从小报上剪下的照片。,c.He favored the efforts to improve relations with all peace-loving countries.,他赞成为了同所有爱好和平的国家改善关系而进行/做出努力。,d.There were no speeches,no foreign diplomats,no“ordinary Chinese”with paper flags and b
14、ouquets of flowers.,没有（发表）讲话，没有各国外交官员到场（出席），也没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗、花束的场面。,2023年7月29日星期六,3.增加形容词,With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!,中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！,b.He doubtlessly expected hugs,tablefuls of food,tears,laughter,and conversation followed by more conversation,then hugs and m
15、ore hugs all over again,without end.,毫无疑问，他以为会有热烈的拥抱，满桌的食物，激动的泪水，欢乐的笑声，一段接一段的谈话，一次又一次的拥抱，没完没了。,2023年7月29日星期六,4.增加副词，即在动词前后增加副词,a.The hungry boy was wolfing down his dinner.,那个饥饿的男孩正狼吞虎咽似地吃饭。,b.As soon as her husband stepped in,she poured out her complaint upon him.,她丈夫刚进门，她就劈头盖脑/脸地埋怨起来。,c.God knows
16、what their fate will be,but I can guess.,天晓得他们的命运如何，但我能猜出几分。,d.He turned a chair around and straddled it,resting his chin on the back.,他把椅子转过来，叉开腿一屁股坐在上面，下巴搁在椅背上。,2023年7月29日星期六,5.增加概括性词语英语和汉语都有概括词。英语中的in short,and so on,etc.等等翻译时可以分别译为“总之”、“等等”。但有时英语句中并没有概括词，而翻译时可根据汉语习惯增加一些，同时可以省掉英语中的连接词。如：,The adva
17、ntages of the hall are bright,spacious,fashionable and without echo.,b.In the 1960s,the Soviets posed a serous challenge to Americas hegemonic position militarily,politically and economically.,这座大厅有四大优点：明亮、宽敞、样式新颖、没有回声。,20世纪60年代，苏联在军事、政治、经济等方面对美国的霸权地位提出了严峻的挑战。,2023年7月29日星期六,6.增加上下文需要的词语（为了使译文连贯）,Law
18、s are generally found to be nets of such a texture,as the little creep through,the great break through,and the middle-sized are alone entangled in.,人们通常发现法律是这样一种结构的网：触犯法律的人，小者可以穿网而过，大者可以破网而出，只有中等者才会落入网中。,b.He stepped to the platform and paused:a little dingy station,a small crowd of travelers.,他跨到月台
19、上，停了停，只看见：这个车站不大，阴沉沉的，稀稀拉拉的也没几个旅客。,2023年7月29日星期六,1.增加语气助词,a.As for me,I didnt agree from the very beginning.,我呢，从一开始就不赞成。,b.The little boy brought with him knife,scissors and what not,tinkling in his pocket.,这（个）小孩随身带着刀子啦，剪子啦等诸如此类的东西，在口袋里叮呤当啷直响。,c.Yes,I like Chinese food.Lots of people do these days
20、,sort of the fashion.,不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人都喜欢中国菜，这（种情况）算是赶时髦吧！,三、为了修辞上的需要为了使译文优美自如、活泼生动或是得到强调，有时需要增补适当的描述词（如名词、动词、形容词等）、语气助词，或是使用叠词和四字词组，或是重复某些词语。,2023年7月29日星期六,2.使用叠词和四字词组,I had been completely honest in my replies,withholding nothing.,我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，直言不讳。,b.With his tardiness,carelessness and appalling go
21、od humor,we were sore perplexed.,他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。,c.But there had been too much publicity about her case.,但有关她的事已搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。,2023年7月29日星期六,3.重复某些词语,a.This has been our position-but not theirs.,这一直是我们的立场而不是他们的立场。（为了明确）,b.But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness,his carelessness,and the ruin he was bringing on his family.,可是他老婆不断地在他耳边唠叨个没完，说他懒，说他粗心，并且说他一家人都要毁在他身上。,c.Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free.,你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。,Thank you all for listening!,2023年7月29日星期六,
