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1、自然拼读课程,Phonics,Phonics自然发音法是一套用自然记忆 的方式，建立字母与发音的直觉音感。不 用借助音标，看着字母就可以直接读出该 词的发音，解决单词不会读，无法拼的问 题。简单说：“自然拼读法”是教学生如何看词读音或是听音拼词的方法。,为什么要学习自然拼读法？,美国斯坦佛大学曾经以计算机分析字母与音位的对应关系，结果发现17,008个常用词中84%的字母与其读音是完全对应的13%的字母与其读音是不完全对应的 3%的字母与其读音的对应关系完全无法预测,自然拼读法可以帮助学生,见词能读 听词能写 不容易遗忘 提高阅读和写作能力,一、同形不同音的字母及音标,b,/b/,book b
2、ig bag box,/d/,d,desk doll dog dad,f,/f/,fine friend fly foot fan,h,/h/,hat he house hand,j,/d/,jeep jam jacket jar,k,/k/,kite cake black thank,l,/l/,leg left ruler flag lamp,/l/,apple bowl tell old,m,/m/,am map my mouth,n,/n/,no know new hand,p,/p/,map jeep pig pea,qu,/kw/,quite quilt quick,同形不同音的字
3、母及音标,r,/r/,red radio brother racket,/t/,t,it sit not that table little,v,/v/,five vase very seven,w,/w/,we window watch want,x,/ks/,box six fox,z,/z/,zip zoo,同形不同音的字母及音标,Vowel,二、开音节与闭音节,1）音节按读音可以分为开音节和闭音节,开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节,A.绝对开音节：是指一个元音音素后面没有辅音音素 而构成的音节,例如：we,hi,yo-yo,hi,no,be 等,B.相对开音节：是指一个元音音素后
4、面有一个辅音音素(除r)之外，最后是一个不发音的e字母构成的音节，,例如:take,make,闭音节：指元音字母后面有辅音字母(辅音字母r除外)构成的音节,闭音节,元音字母 a,e,i(y),o,u 在重读闭音节中分别读/e/i/,如 hand,help,lip,gym,hot,club.,II.Magic E,A AT ATEBE BED BEDEHI HID HIDENO NOT NOTEU US USE,a-e,Magic E(神奇的E),cake take lake make face name page,e-e,these theme eve evening,o-e,nose cok
5、e rose rope hope pose,i-e,time five nine white write like lime ride,u-e,cute cube huge tube use,ai,ay 读/ei/,如 wait,aid；day,may.,ei,ey 读/ei/,如 veil,weight；grey,they,convey,oa,oe 读/u/,如 load,coat,toe,三、元音间的字母组合发音,ue,ui 读/u:/,如 glue,suit,blue,fruit,ea,ee 读/i:/,如 eat,cheap；deep,need,ie,(c)ei 读/i:/,如 fie
6、ld,believe；receive,ceiling,oa 读/u/,如 road,soap,boat,ue 读/ju:/,如 Tuesday,value,pursue,元音间的字母组合发音,四、r音节 指以字母r或r+辅音字母结尾的音节,在r音节中：ar 读/:/,or 读/:/er,ir,yr,ur 都读/:/,注：在/w/音后，ar读/:/,如 war,warm,warn；or读/:/,如 word,work,world,worse.,元音字母与r&re音节的示例,ar a:,armchair card arm car cart park garden farm,er,sister br
7、other marker rooster under mother winter,ir:,dirty bird birthday circus girl dirt circle,or:,order fork pork,ur:,hurt turkey turtle surfing nurse purse fur,doctor actor favor,re音节 指元音字母与 re 结合而成的音节。,在re音节中：are读/e/，ere读/i/，ire,yre读/ai/，ore读/:/,ure读/ju/,元音字母与r&re音节的示例,are e,hare scare square stare,ere
8、 i,here mere severe,ire ai,fire wire tire entire,ore:,more fore core before store,ure ju,cure pure endure,where there e,五、元音字母O的组合,oou,cook book look good foot boot,ow au,now how cow,ou au,mouth shout mouse loud house proud,oi/oy i,oil toy noise boy,u:,school noodles food zoo,u,window bow low pillow
9、 blow slow,四、辅音字母的读音规则,1.c 在字母e，i，y前读/s/,如cell，city，cyber,其余情况下读/k/,如cat，club，code,2.g 在字母e，i，y前读/,如gene，gin，gym,其余情况下读/g/,如beg,golf,game,3.s 多数情况下读/s/,如six，desk，yes,有时读/z/,如is，his，visit,辅音字母的读音规则,4.x 处于两元音字母之间，且其后元音重读时，读/gz/,如exist，exam,其余情况下读/ks/,如six,next,excuse,5.q 读/k/，常和u在一起读/kw/,如quick,questi
10、on,五、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音,1.a在w音后面读/want what watch wash quality,2.a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前:,如 after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father,3.i在-nd-ld和gh前读ai find child light high,4.o在-st-ld前 u most postcard old cold,在m n v th前 come monkey love mother,5.元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读u:音 例如：June blue ruler super,
11、六、辅音字母组合的读音规则,1.ch,tch 读/，如China,much；catch,match,2.ph,gh 读/f/，如photo,phone,3.sh 读/，如shape,she,short,fish,4.th 多数情况下读/，如 three,third,但有时读/,如 that,than,with.(读/时可下画一线).,5.dg,dj 读/，如judge，lodging；adjust,adjective.,6.wh 在字母o前读/h/,如 who,whom,whose(其中的字母o读/u:/),其余情况下读/w/，如which，when，why,7.n 在和字母g构成字母组合时，
12、以及处于读/g/或/k/的字母前（如c,g,k等）读/,如long,thing,length；angry,finger；drink,think,thank,long.,8.gu 在元音前读/g/，如guess,guide,guest；,在字母n后读/gw/，如language distinguish，linguist,辅音字母组合的读音规则,七、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音规则,1.a,o,u 读/，如 China,second,difficult,2.e,i,y 读/i/,如 result,victim,happy,八、元音字母组合的读音规则,1.au,aw 读/:/,如 cause,aur
13、al,launch,sauce,law,dawn,2.eu,ew(iew)读/ju:/,如 neutral,deuce；new,view,review,3.air,aer 读/e/,如 air,fair;aerial,aeroplane,4.ear,eer 读/i/如 ear,clear；beer,deer,5.our 读/au/如 our,sour,hour,6.igh 读/ai/,如 high,light,might,night,7.augh,ough 读/:/,如 daughter,caught,taught；ought,fought,thought,8.oul 在 could,shou
14、ld,would 中读/u/,元音字母组合的读音规则,九、几个非重读后缀或字母组合的读音规则,1.a 在后缀-ace，-ade，-age，-ate中读/i/，如 palace,comrade,village,accurate,2.e 在后缀-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中读/,如cruel,open,student,silence,fluency,3.i 在后缀-ible中读/,如 possible,4.ai,ay,ei,ey 在非重读音节中一般弱读为/i/,如mountain,Friday,forfeit,valley,十、其他字母组合的读音规则,1.-ful 读/ful/
15、,如 helpful,harmful,useful,2.-gue 读/g/,如 dialogue,catalogue,3.-que 读/k/,如 cheque,picturesque,4.-ous 读/s/,如 famous,generous,nervous,5.-our 读/,如 favour,honour,labour,6.-ure 读/,如 figure,injure.但在failure中读/j/,7.-ow 读/u/,如 window,yellow,pillow,8.-ture 读/,如 picture,culture,furniture,9.-ion 读/n/,如 fashion,c
16、ushion,10.-stion 读/sn/,如 question,sugestion,digestion,11.-i 在字母 d,t,n,l 后，且在元音字母前，读/j/。如 audience,frontier,opinion,familar,其他字母组合的读音规则,十一、其他读音规则,oo,1.读/u/,A.在字母k前（book,look,took）,B.在good,foot,stood,wood,wool中,C.在派生词goodness,football,woolen中,2.读/u:/在其余情况下读/u:/,如:cool,food,loose,room,zoo,3.读/在flood，bl
17、ood及其派生词（flooding,bloodless等）中读/,1.-sure,在元音字母后读/,如 closure,exposure,在辅音字母后读/，如 pressure,flexure(x=ks),2.-sion,在元音字母后读/n/，如 vsion,occasion,divsion,在辅音字母后读/n/，如 discussion,impression,expansion,3.-ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi 在字母 a,e,o 前读/,如：ocean；social；Asia；partial；Egyptian；suffcient；patient；prcious；Russian；a
18、nxious,其他读音规则,十二、其他组合,kn:knit knob knee knife knock,wr:write wrist wrinkle wrap wreath,mb:bomb thumb lamb numb comb crumb,sp:spell spider spinach spaceship spoon,st:store star storm stamp stockings stick student stand,sc:scale scarf scarecrow scooter scorpion scoop scanner,sk:skirt skunk skis skates
19、,VII.Consonant Blends:,BeginningS-family(st,sk,sp,)R-family(gr,br,dr,cr,pr,tr,wr)L-family(fl,bl,cl,kl,pl,sl)EndingN-family(nt,nd,nk)Others(mp,st)Three letters(scr,spl,str,spr),VII.Consonant Blends:,st:student stone stopsp:speak space spoonsc:scary scarf scarsk:sky skirt skate,S-family(st,sk,sp,),VII
20、.Consonant Blends:,bl:block blond hair blousepl:plum plate planegl:glue glasses glovecl:clay class clonefl:fly dragonfly butterfly,L-family(fl,bl,cl,kl,pl,sl),VII.Consonant Blends:,br:brown broom brickpr:pray prince princessgr:grape grey grincr:cry crazy crown,R-family(gr,br,dr,cr,pr,tr,wr),VII.Cons
21、onant Blends:,fr:Friday friend fruittr:tree track tripdr:driver dream draw,VII.Consonant Blends:,sl:slid slide slowsn:snake snap snailsm:smoke smooth smilesw:swan sweater switch,VIII.Consonant Digraphs:,ch:cherry watch beachck:duck clock blockssh:sheet ship sheep,VIII.Consonant Digraphs:,gh:laugh co
22、ugh toughph:trophy photo elephantth:think three thank,VIII.Consonant Digraphs:,th:leather weather togetherwh:whale white wheelwr:wrinkle write wreath,VIIII.Others:,ing:king ring swingew:new dew nephewall:wall ball tallal:salt walk talk,Tongue twisters（绕口令）关于字母组合ee的发音。What can you see?I can see a bee.Where is the bee?Its in the tree.What colour is the tree?It is green.I can see a bee in the green tree.,Revision,Tongue twisters（绕口令）,关于字母组合ow的发音。Snow snow/Fall slow/On the window/That is yellow.,Thank you very much!,
