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1、1.4 Basic Concepts in Traffic Engineering,Mobility versus Accessibility（机动性和可达性）Highway Classification（道路分类）Uninterrupted（连续流）and Interrupted（间断流）flows Responsibility and Liability(责任与义务)Transportation Legislation(交通立法),Mobility(机动性)-refers to the ability to travel to many different destinations,whi
2、le accessibility(可达性)-refers to the ability to gain entry to a particular site or area With an increase of mobility the ability to access development decreases,and vise versa.,Mobility versus Accessibility,Graphic description between mobility and accessibility,Highway classification,Location-urban a
3、nd suburban(rural)Criterion-specification for roadway designEach country has different way in determining hierarchy of highways,The purpose of conducting classification for highway is to clarify the functionality of each category of roadways in providing services in terms of mobility and accessibili
4、ty,With increase of mobility the accessibility will decrease Freeway has the highest mobility;whereas local street has thehighest accessibility,Freeways or expressways-access-controlled,multilane,divided highways devoted to high-speed,long-distance travel with little or no access adjacent to landArt
5、erials-roadways serving primarily to move traffic between principal traffic generators with partially access-controlled(residential access is discouraged,but commercial access is allowed),there are two categories:major and minor,Collectors-roadways serving internal traffic movements within an urban
6、area and connecting it with the arterial system,there are two categories:major and minorLocal streets-primarily providing access to the development with low-speed,Uninterrupted and Interrupted flows,Uninterrupted flow(连续流)facilities have no external interruptions(外部干扰)to the traffic stream.Pure unin
7、terrupted flow exists mainly on freeways and expressways.Interrupted flow(间断流)facilities have external interruptions to the traffic stream.Almost all urban surface streets and highways are interrupted flow facilities.,Uninterrupted flow facilities are fully or partially access-controlled,Freeway in
8、Germany(2008),Expressway in Beijing(2007),Interrupted flow facilities are not access-controlled,with external disruptions,resulting in stop-and-go,Urban street in Atlantic City,USA,Urban street in Beijing,Responsibility and Liability,Public safetyLegal obligation-legal caseCommunication(沟通)with peop
9、le traffic engineers work for-public hearing(听证会)public involvement(公众参与)Community protection-traffic calming（宁静交通）,Leeds,England,Dresden,Germany,Lane reduction is one oftraffic calming strategies,Transportation Legislation of USA,Federal-Aid Highway Act(1916 to 1983)（联邦公路法）Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act(ISTEA)from 1991 to 1997(冰茶法案)Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century(TEA-21)from 1998 to 2004(二十一世纪交通法案)SAFETEA-LU（Safe,Accountable,Flexible,Efficient Transportation Equity Act:A Legacy for Users 2005 to 2011）,
