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1、英语时态,时态概述,时态是一个语法范畴，是用以表示各种时间和动作的动词形式。不同的语言具有不同的时态。有的语言甚至没有时态。汉语基本上是借助词汇表示各种时间和动作。英语不但有时态，而且种类较多，区别细微，习惯性强。因此学习英语时态，应当抓住基本概念，注意其各种用法，相互进行比较，多做练习。,时态的“时”,“时”就是时间，它是一个语法范畴，和我们常识中的时间并不完全相同。在英语语法中，粗略得讲，时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四个主要部分。细加区别则分为以下九个部分：先现在-指现在范畴中的过去 现在 现在-指说话人说话的时刻 后现在-指现在范畴中的将来 先过去-指过去的过去 过去 过去-指说
2、话人的过去 后过去-指过去的将来 先将来-指将来的过去将来 将来-指说话人的将来 后将来-指将来的将来,时态的“态”,“态”可以作形态、形式讲，从语法方面，四个“态”分别为：一般、完成、进行 和 完成进行。1.一般形态：用以叙述一个单纯的事实，时间可以很不具体。动态动词的一般方面作为整体多表示动作已经完成。2.完成形态：用以表述一个动作已经完成的事实。3.进行形态：表示动作在一段时间中进行。4.完成进行时态：兼有完成形态与进行形态的特点。,时态的“类”,英语的四种“时”和四种“态”构成了十六种时态。,动词的“体”,静态动词1.表示内心活动：want、know、think、believe、und
3、erstand2.表示爱恶等情感：like、hate、love3.表示各种知觉：see、hear、smell4.表示身体感觉：feel、hurt、ache5.表示相互关系者：be、have、belong、contain、own动态动词1.瞬间动词：jump、hit、kick、knock、begin2.有限动词，表动作历时有限者：gather、bind、produce、build3.无限动词（持续动词）：lie、sit、sleep、live、work、study4.重复动词：giggle、struggle、twinkle,一般现在时,一般现在时的构成肯定形式：动词原形(第三人称单数词尾加s或es
4、)否定形式：do/does+动词原形疑问式：do/does+主语+动词原形I like to watch TV.I dont like to watch TV.Do you like to watch TV?,一般现在时,一般现在时用法1.表示现在时刻发生的动作或状态，常与always、often、sometimes、usually、everyday等时间状语连用。A storm is often followed by a calm.I usually wake up early.Are you busy now?2.叙述逐日例行之事。The boys wake up at seven oc
5、lock,wash,dress quickly and run into the dining-room for breakfast.They wait until they hear the bell and then go to school.3.表示客观真理、科学事实以及客观存在。,一般现在时,Knowledge is power.The earth moves around the sun.4.和since或for引导的时间状语连用，表示从过去到现在一段时间的动作或状态，但强调的是现在的情况。For weeks and months nothing happens here at al
6、l.We are away from our families for a year or more.,一般过去时,一般过去时的构成肯定形式：动词原形词尾加ed否定形式：did not+动词原形疑问形式：did+主语+动词原形I went to see a movie yesterday.I did not go to see a movie yesterday.Did you go to see a movie yesterday?,一般过去时,一般过去时的用法1.表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或状态，和 表示过去时间的状语连用，如：yesterday、since then、then、at t
7、hat time、at that moment、just now、a few days ago 等。Where were you yesterday?They had a baby last month.She became silent since then.2.用于谈论或评价已经死去的人。Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays.were you a friend of the desceased?,一般过去时,3.表示过去的习惯动作。When he was in Beijing,Mark came to see me everyweek.We often prac
8、ticed swimming last year.4.用于虚拟语气，表示现在或将来的是将的动作或状态。Its high time we went.It seems as if I were a monster.I wish I were a bird.I would buy the car if I had the money.,一般将来时,一般将来时的构成肯定形式：shall（第一人称）/will（二三人称)+动词原形否定形式：shall/will not+动词原形疑问形式：shall/will+主语+动词原形I will open the door.I will not open the
9、door.Shall I open the door?,一般将来时,一般将来时的用法1.表示将来时间的动作或状态。You will be twenty tomorrow.Hugo will get there early in the morning.2.和表示将来的时间状语或条件状语连用，引导这种状语从句的词或短语有：when,while,before,after,until,as soon as 等。When I am free,I will go to see him.While I am there tomorrow,I shall buy one.After I finish my
10、task,Ill go home.If you dont take my advice,you will not success.We shall go unless it rains.,一般将来时,3.be going to do表示打算或准备好要做的事或有迹象表明会发生的事。What are you going to do during the summer holidays?The train is going to arrive.Look at the black cloud.Its going to rain.We are going to have a meeting this a
11、fternoon.4.be to do 表示约定、命令、或按计划要做的事。When are they to come?We are to meet at the school gate.You are to finish the work by noon.,一般过去将来时,一般过去将来时的构成肯定形式：should（第一人称）/would（二三人称)+动词原形否定形式：should/would not+动词原形疑问形式：should/would+主语+动词原形You would work.You would not work.Would you work?,一般过去将来时,一般过去将来时的用法
12、1.表示过去的将来在某一时间发生的动作或状态，常用语间接引语中。I was twenty-three years old now,and I would be thwety-four the next year.I didnt think they would have any objection to it.I know he would come the next day.Hebe told me that the play wouldnt act.Whenever he had time,he would come to see his parents.2.用于虚拟语气中。If I ha
13、d money,I would buy a car.It is necessary that we should invite him.,现在进行时,现在进行时的构成肯定形式：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are not+doing疑问形式：am/is/are+主语+doing I am doing my homework now.I am not doing my homework now.Are you doing your homework now?,现在进行时,现在进行时的用法1.现在进行时所表示的动作正在说话人说话的时刻进行，可与now,at present,a
14、t this moment,today,this week,these days,this year 等时间状语连用。What are you doing now?I am writing.How are you feeling today?Tom is tired these days and he is sleeping.2.有些表示过程的词，如：change come,mature,widen,deteriorate,meet,shoot,drop 等，用进行时态表示动作的重复性。The weather is changing for the better.His health is i
15、mproving each day.She is maturing into a self-possessed and articulate young women.她逐渐成为一个镇定自若，言谈清新的年轻女子。,现在进行时,3.表示某种感情色彩，常与always,constantly等词连用。Brian is living a happy life.Frieda is always complaining.My father is forever criticizing me.4.现在进行时用于when,while,as 等连词引导的时间状语从句中。When you are talking t
16、o the children,you use simple words and sentences.He passed out as he is standing up.他站起来时昏了过去。5.现在进行时表示将来，按计划或是已经安排好要做的事。这一用法只适合于某些动词，如：go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,spend等。I am leaving by train tonight.Are you going abroad next year?,过去进行时,过去进行时的构成肯定形式：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were not+doing疑问形式
17、：was/were+主语+doing I was watching TV at this moment yesterday.I was not watching TV at this moment yesterday.Were you watching TV at this moment yesterday?,过去进行时,过去进行时的用法1.表示过去某时正在发生的动作。We were having dinner when they came.I was reading a newspaper at nine oclock yesterday evening.What were you doin
18、g last summer?2.过去进行时常与soon，the next moment,in minutes,moments later,等状语连用，表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。In a few moments he was standing by the window.过几分钟他就站在窗户旁。One after began to choke,and at the end all the women were weeping.一个接一个哽咽起来，最后妇女们都哭了。We were talking abvout you this morning.,过去进行时,3.表示过去某段时间内持续的动作。I w
19、as painting a picture yesterday evening.They were building a dam last spring.I was staying at home all last week.4.表示过去将来的动作。He didnt know whether she was coming.He was meeting his mother at the airport the next day.5.表示为实现的打算或愿望。I was coming.我本来要来的。Did he go to the part?I dont know,but he was hopin
20、g to.他去舞会了吗？我不知道，不过他希望去的。,将来进行时,将来进行时的构成肯定形式：shall/will be doing否定形式：shall/will not be doing疑问形式：shall/will+主语+be doingI will be setting a new goal the next year.I will not be setting a new goal the next year.Will you be setting a new goal the next year?,将来进行时,将来进行时的用法1.表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作或状态，常常表示已经安排好
21、或将要发生的事。We will be having some new subjects for the next semester.What will you be doing this time tomorrow?She will be taking holiday soon,When will you be leaving?,过去将来进行时,过去将来进行时的构成肯定形式：should/would be doing否定形式：should/would not be doing疑问形式：should/would+主语+be doing将来进行时的用法表示在过去的将来某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态
22、，和表示过去将来的时间状语连用。Bruce told me that he would be living in China some day.He called me in NweYork to le me know what time he would be arriving.,现在完成时,现在完成时的构成肯定形式：have/has+过去分词否定形式：have/has+not+过去分词疑问形式：have/has+主语+过去分词I have finished my homework.I have not finished my homework.Have you finished your
23、homework?,现在完成时,现在完成时的用法1.表示动作或状况已经完成。发生在以前的某个未经说明的时间段，给现在留下了结果或是造成了影响。I have seen the film.我看过那部电影。（我知道它的内容）He was turn off the light.他已关了灯。（现在屋里是黑的）Cora has learned to skate.科拉学过滑冰。（科拉现在会滑冰）Brian has been to China.布莱恩去过中国。（现在不在中国，但对中国有了解）2.现在完成时经常与for 或since连用。Its only since I have been blind that
24、 I have gegun to dee through him.只有在我失明之后我才看透了他。I havent seen you for ages.,现在完成时,3.现在完成时可以和表示过去时间的状语连用，如：just，ever，often，always，never，seldom，already，sometimes，recently，lately，formerly，before，in the past,in the past few years等。It has rained every day this week.I have written to my mother this month.
25、Have seen Tom this day?I have seen him only once this year.4.现在完成时也可以用在when,before,after,until,as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句中。这种从句用现在完成时强调动作的完成或结果，或强调从句的动作与主语的动作之间有时间间隔。I will go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework.(强调完成）They often go for a walk after they have had supper.（强调动作的先后）,过去完成时,过去完
26、成时的构成肯定形式：had+过去分词否定形式：had+not+过去分词疑问形式：had+主语+过去分词I had finished my homework by nine oclock yesterday.I had not finished my homework by nine oclock yesterday.Had you finished your homework by nine oclock yesterday?,过去完成时,过去完成时的用法1.表示过去某一时间或某一件事情已经发生或完成。When they got there,the train had already left
27、.Grace realized she had made a mistake.They had completed the project by the end of 1999.2.过去完成时常常用在一般过去时之后的间接引语中。They said that they had planted the trees on the hillside.Jack told me that he had read the book before.Judie said that she had gone to see me the day before.3.用于对过去事实进行虚拟的条件句中。If I had
28、hurried,I wouldnt have missed the bus.If you had been at the party,you would have met him.,将来完成时,将来完成时的构成肯定形式：shall/will have+过去分词否定形式：shall/will have+not+过去分词疑问形式：shall/will+主语+have+过去分词将来完成时的构成 1.表示在将来某一时间或在此之前完成的动作，对将来某一时间产生影响，常与by和before引导的时间状语连用。Will you soon have finished laying the table?Befo
29、re long,he will have forgotten all about the matter.I shall finished my homework by the end of the weekend.,过去将来完成时,过去将来完成时的构成肯定形式：should/would have+过去分词否定形式：should/would have+not+过去分词疑问形式：should/would+主语+have+过去分词过去将来完成时的用法1.表示过去的将来某一时间或在此之前发生的动作。The day was drawing near when we would have complete
30、d the task.我们完成任务的日子不远了。Andy told me that he would finished by nine oclock.2.用于虚拟语气。If you had not help me,I would not have succeeded.,现在完成进行时,现在完成进行时的构成肯定形式：have/has been+现在分词否定形式：have/has+not+been+现在分词疑问形式：have/has+主语+been+现在分词I have been teaching for 20 years.I have not been teaching for 20 years
31、.Have you been teaching for 20 years?,现在完成进行时,现在完成进行时的用法1.表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，而且有可能一直持续下去。During the night I having been thinking the matter over.The old man has been living there for thirty years.2.表示重复发生的动作。Tom has been telling the story for ten years.He has been reaching plenty of goals this sea
32、son.Anne has been contributing articles to this magazine all these years.,过去完成进行时,过去完成进行时的构成肯定形式：had been+现在分词否定形式：had+not+been+现在分词疑问形式：had+主语+been+现在分词过去完成进行时的用法1.表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到过去某一时间，动作可能还会持续下去。Bill said that he had been doing experiments thosedays.The telephone had been ringing for three mi
33、nutes before it was answered.I had been looking for my bike for years before I found it.,将来完成进行时,将来完成进行时的构成肯定形式：will/shall have been+现在分词否定形式：will/shall have+not+been+现在分词疑问形式：will/shall have+主语+been+现在分词将来完成进行时的用法1.表示动作从某一时间开始一直持续到将来某一时间，可能还会持续下去。I shall have been living there for 15years by the en
34、d of this month.After this month,Mr.Liu would been teaching here for exactly thirty years.,过去将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时的构成肯定形式：would/should havebeen+现在分词否定形式：would/should have+not+been+现在分词疑问形式：would/should have+主语+been+现在分词、过去将来完成进行时的用法1.表示动作从过去某一时间开是一直持续到过去将来的某一时间。He said that by the end of Spring term he would have been studying English for three years.Arthur said that he would have been living in this city for 20 years by the end of this year.,谢谢观赏,WPS Office,Make Presentation much more fun,WPS官方微博kingsoftwps,
