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1、基础语法复习,构词法 在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种:合成、转化、派生,一、合成,由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。1.合成名词 名词+名词 cowboy newspaper 名词+ing handwriting sunbathing ing+名词 waiting-room sleeping-pill 形容词+名词 blackboard shorthand,2.合成动词:副词+动词 overthrow uphold 形容词+动词 blacklist whitewash 名词+动词 sleepwalk sunburn3.合成形容词
2、:名词+形容词 snow-white lifelong 名词+过去分词 man-made hand made 数词+名词 one-way second-hand.,一、合成,二、转化:,动词 名词:taste(v.)taste(n.)It tastes good.It has a good taste.(2)名词 动词:hand(n.)hand(v.)Lets go hand in hand.Please hand in your exercise books after class.(3)形容词 动词:clean(adj.)clean(v.)Her room is clean and tid
3、y.She cleans her room everyday.,由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.,三、派生：,1.表示否定意义的前缀,dis-dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,incapable,inability,ignoble,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregularmis-misunderstand misleadnon-nonsenseun-unable,unemploymentanti-,ant-antiknock(防震),antiforeigner,(排外的),由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另外一个词。,2.表示空间
4、位置，方向关系的前缀,1)a-表示“在之上”，“向”aboard,aside,2)by-表示“附近，邻近，边侧”bypath,bypass(弯路)3)inter-,intel-,表示“在间，相互”international,interaction,internet mid-,表示“中，中间”midnight,mid-autumn,5)out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline,outside,outward6)over-,表示“在上面，在外部，向上”overlook,overhead,overboard7)extra-,表示“额外”extraction（提取）8)fore-表示“在前
5、面”forehead,foreground9)in-,im-,表示“向内，在内，背于”inland,invade,inside,import,2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀,under-,表示“在.下面，下的”underline,underground,underwater 11)up-,表示“向上，向上面，在上”upward,uphold,uphill(上坡),1re-“又,再”repeat,review,return,reunite,remarry 2.co“联合，伴同”cooperate,coexist,co-worker 3.super“在上；加之”superman,supermar
6、ket,3.表示其他意义的前缀:,Practice(I):,从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词.,booklookersnewfar first troubletenbabyoverempty,reachingcaseminuteclassbornonhandedeatsitfree,Practice(II):,rain(形容词)_ agree(反义)_ nation(形容词)_ farm(人)_ recent(副词)_ friend(形容词)_ hope(形容词)_ back(形容词)_ visit(名词)_ home(形容词)_ eight(序数词)_ true(名词)_ Ameri
7、ca(形容词)_ China(形容词)_,按括号内的要求改写下列单词,rainy,national,recently,hopeful,visitor,eighth,American,disagree,farmer,friendly,backwards,homeless,truth,Chinese,Practice(III):,Fill in the blanks with proper words.,With the(1)_(develop)of industry,air pollution is getting more(2)_ more serious.In Beijing,many pe
8、ople suffer different kinds of illnesses because(3)_ air pollution.Air pollution is caused(4)_ the following reasons:about half of the problem is caused by vehicles.There are more and more cars,buses on the roads,and they give(5)_ poisonous gases.25%of air pollution is caused by factories.Another(6)
9、_(fact)is the smokers.Smoking not only does(7)_ to their health(8)_ also to others.Besides these,about 10%of air(9)_ is caused by other reasons.We should take some measures to fight(10)_ pollution.New fuel can be used to replace gas.We can plant more trees.If everybody realizes the importance of environment and does something to stop the problem will be solved.,development,and,of,by,out,factor,harm,but,pollution,against,
