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1、九年来的作文命题思路整理（纵向）,2001 书信 中学生减负2002 书信 公园是否收门票2003 看图 租房子2004 书信 外国人才艺大赛2005 书信 英文自荐信2006 看图+议论 社会公德2007 议论 免费师范生2008 书信+议论 新同学融入新集体2009 书信 与外国朋友的通信,词汇层面,Adj.聪明的、脑筋好的cleversmartwisebrightintelligent,词汇层面,Adj.令人惊奇的surprisingamazingastonishing,短语层面,电脑在我们生活中的作用是十分重要的。1.Computers are very important in ou
2、r life.2.Computers play a very important role in our puters are of great importance in our life.4.后面还有很多技术层面高，精彩的表达。,句型层面,他昨天下午来的。1.He came here yesterday afternoon.2.He didnt come here until yesterday afternoon.3.Not until yesterday afternoon did he come here.4.It was yesterday afternoon that he ca
3、me here.,第五档（榜样的力量是无穷的！）,完全完成了试题规定的任务,覆盖所有的内容要点。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽量使用复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言应用能力。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。,词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。,运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉。,使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。,增强书面表达效果的技巧,Five steps for writing(写作五步骤）,passage,审
4、题要点、难点的预见（以1997年试题为例）P61,1997 年 英语写作(满分 30分)下列图画描述的是你的一段亲身经历，请据此为一家中学生英文报的故事专栏写一篇短文。注意：(1)短文必须包括图画所表现的主要内容，可以适当增减细节，使其连贯、完整；(2)叙述必须用第一人称；(3)词数：100 左右。生词：违章者 offender n.十字路口 crossroads,要点的识别,哪些是要点？,1.看懂图画是关键。2.图画中出现的人物都是要点。3.能推动事物向前发展的细节，都是要点。4.图中的字句都是内容要点。5.图中故事发生的背景是内容要点。6.避免不合理的想象。,The other day m
5、y brother and l went to the cinema by bicycle.My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind.As we came to the crossroads a young man and a girl came up and stopped us.“Weve found you at long last,”they said.But we didnt know them.Pointing to a policeman not far away,the young man explaine
6、d,“He stopped us about half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.So come on,stand here.Hope you dont have to wait as long as we did.Good luck.,以体裁为指导，稳扎稳打，步步为赢！,日记书信（信函、电子邮件）通知（书面通知、口头通知）便条说明文（事物，人物，地点）记叙文议论文（观点、建议）,一、日记,1.通常用记叙文或 简单的议论文体裁。字数不宜过多。2.格式：一般是在左上角记上当天的日期(年、月、日)，星期；右上角写上当天的天气情况
7、。下面一行可以写上日记小标题，也可以不写标题。3.时态：所用的时态多为过去时态,但应灵活掌握.4.顺序：日记一般按事情发生的先后顺序记述，所以有时需要借助一些表示先后顺序的词语。,Aprill 9th,Sunday Fine It is Sunday today.I didnt get up early as usual.In the morning after I finished my homework,I did some washing.Then I called Wu Gang and invited him to see the filmLion King.But unfortun
8、ately when we got to the cinema at two oclock in the afternoon,we found all the tickets had been sold out.Then we went back to school to play table tennis.After this when we were about to go home,we saw our english teacher Ms.Liu at the school gate.She told us that we had made great progress in Eng
9、lish this term.She suggested that we should do more reading and listening.We promised the that we would take her advice.,P 62,1998 年 英语写作(满分 30分)5 月 3 日，你参观了一个农场。请根据下列图画用英语写篇日记。注意：(1)日记须包括所有图画的内容，可以适当增减细节，使日记连贯：(2)词数 100 左右。,1998年真题,第一步：认真审题，提炼要点,一审格式：日记体裁。,二审结构：日记常常使用第一人称，谓语常常用一般过去时。,三审要点：用英语思维，理出写
10、作 要点。,第二步：紧扣主题，扩展成句,第三步：补充修改，连句成篇,May 3rd,Sunday Fine Today we visited a farm.Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.The farm workers gave us a warm welcome.Then the head of the farm showed us around.How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well.At noo
11、n we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine.After a short rest,we had great fun singing and dancing,telling jokes or stories.Two of us even played a game of chess.The time passed quickly.Before we knew it,we had to say goodbye to the workers.,(5)信文(Body of the letter),信文是信件的主体部分，也就是信的内容。正文应在称呼下两行开始。信的开头
12、第一个字母 通常和称呼开头第一个词平齐。也有往后退四个或八个字的。下面介绍一些开头语和结尾语。,开头语,相当于中文的“敬启者”。(直接给别人写信）a.l beg to inform you that b.l beg to take this opportunity to inform you that c.I have the honor to adress you that.d.l write in a hurry to inform you that e.I hve the pleasure to tell you that.f.I am very delighted to inform
13、you that.,相当于中文的“接读某月某日来信，一切知悉”。a.l thank you very much for your letter of May 20th b.Your letter of May 20th has been received with thanks.c.It gives me great pleasure to receive your kind letter of May 20th.d.ln answer to your kind letter of May 20th,l deeply regret that e.l have received your kin
14、d letter of May 20th.f.Words cant express my delight on finding your favor of yesterday on my desk this morning.g.Your letter dated May 20th has been received,结尾语,采用三种方法：采用分词短语：句末用逗号，不用句号。采用介词短语，句末用逗号，不用句号。采用完整句子：句末用句号。,(6)结束语(Complimentary Close),结束语的一般写法如下：Yours truly,Truly yours,Sincerely yours,Y
15、ours sincerely,公函常用：Yours faithfully,Faithfully yours,Yours respectfully,Respectfully yours,私人书信常用：Sincerely yours,Yours very sincerely,Yours affectionately,Yours ever,给亲戚朋友的信常用：Love,All my love,You(ever)loving son/daughter/cousin,etc.Your affectionate nephew,Yours lovingly,Lovingly yours,(7)署名(Sign
16、ature),个人署名：Li Hua公司署名：Yours faithfully,Legend Computer Company Wang LinSales Manager,信函分类,1.生日贺信2.圣诞节及新年贺信3.感谢信4.请求帮助信5.申请信6.道歉信,1999 年,假设你是李华，在一所中学读书。最近收到美国朋友 Smith 先生的来信。他三年前参观过你 校，听说现在变化很大，希望了解有关情况。参照下图，给他写一封回信，介绍你校的变化。注意：(1)回信须包括图画的主要内容，可以适当增减细节，使内容连贯：(2)词数：100 左右。,1999 年,老教学楼原操场新教学楼新操场图书馆,Dear
17、 Mr.Smith,l was so pleased to hear from you and am writing to tell you something about my school.You are right.Quite a few changes have taken place.On one side of the road there is a new classroom building.On the other side,where the playground used to be,now stands another new building-our library.
18、In it there are all kinds of books,newspapers and magazines.The playground is now in from of the school.We have also planted a lot of trees in and around the school.I hope you come and see for yourself some day.Best wishes,Yours,Li Hua,2005书面表达（满分25分）,假设你是新华中学的学生李华，得知某英文报招聘兼职记者，你有意应聘，请按下列要点给报社写一封自荐信
19、。*表示感兴趣*说明优势：知识面、英语水平、合作精神、相关经历*希望得到回复注意：1词数：100左右2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯,Dear Sir or Madam,Im a student from Xinhua Middle School.Im glad to learn that you want a few part-time English reporters.Im quite interested in it.I think Im fit for the job.As a student,Ive read a lot and have much knowledge in many
20、 fields.Im fond of English and do well in both speaking and writing.,Besides,Im easy to get along with and enjoy working together with others.Above all,I once worked as a reporter for my school broadcasting station.So Im sure I can do the job well if I get the position.Im looking forward to your rep
21、ly.Yours faithfully,Li Hua,交际型写作,小作文的考察重点。启事通知便条,启事 P 34,遗失启事Lost 作为标题放在启事上的方正中启事的正文包括遗失物品，遗失的时间、地点，若有人发现遗失物品送交的人、地点,Lost September 1,2000 l was careless and lost a green school bag in the dining-hall on the morning of21 st of August.inside were an English textbook,a workbook,a dictionary and a key
22、to my bike.Will the finder please send it either to the monitor of Class3,Senior Grade 3 or to myself?Many thanks to the finder.Our classroom is in Room303,Building2.Zhao Meng(Loser),通知,1.书面通知：Notice;落款；时间、地点、参加者、内容、注意事项（多用祈使句）。2.口头通知：呼语（开头、结束），口语意识。审题3.时态：一般将来时。,范文,庐山郊游通知 假如你是高三(2)班班长，你班要在 5月 4 日即下
23、星期六去庐山郊游。请你拟一份通知，准备 向同学们宣读。内容包括：1、郊游日期：5 月 4日，下星期六；2、主要内容：攀登比赛、摄影等；3、早餐后 8点坐校车出发，午餐自带，下午 3点回校；4、欢迎全体同学参加。凡参加者先登记并交给班长5 元钱。注意：通知词数约 70120。要求意思连贯。,An Outing to Lushan Class,please be quiet.l am glad to tell you that we have decided to have an outing to Lushan next Saturday,May 4th.The expense is about
24、 five Yuan.Those who wish to go should put down the names on this piece of paper and give the money to me.We will go by school bus which is to start after breakfast at 8:00 a.m and come back to school at 3:00 p.m.Remember to bring your lunch with you.Well have a contest of climbing the hill and take
25、 photos there.All the students are welcome.Thats all.Thank you.,课后作业 1994真题,1994(计分 25 分)提示：你学校生将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会，要在学校广播中宣布此事，并欢迎大家 参加。为使美国朋友听懂，请你用英语写一篇广播通知。要点如下：宗旨：欢迎来访的美国朋友 组织者：学生会 时间：8 月 15，星期六，晚 730地点：主楼屋顶花园 活动内容：音乐、跳舞、唱歌、游戏、交换小礼品(请包装好、签名并在包装外面写上几个祝愿词)注意：(1)广播稿约 100 词；(2)应包括以上要点，但不要逐字翻译，要组织成一篇通顺序连
26、贯的短文；(3)开头语已为你写好。,May I have your attention,please?I have an announcement to make.The Student Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening,August 15,to welcome our friends from the United States The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building.It will begin at 7:30 p.m.There will
27、 be music,dancing,singing,games and exchange of gifts.Everybody may bring along a small gift for this purpose.Remember to wrap it up,sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.Dont forget:7:30,Saturday evening,roof garden,Main Building.Theres sure to be a lot of fun.Everybody is welcome.,便条
28、,1.简化的书信格式。2.简化称呼及签署。3.语言通俗而且口语化。4.注意“短信”的出题形式。,范文,假如你是李华，你患了重感冒，医生说你需要服药，并卧床休息两天，不能去上学。为此请你用英语给高老师写一张请假条。,Dear Miss Gao,Im sorry to tell you that Ive caught a bad cold.The doctor told me to take some medicine and stay in bed for two days.So I cant go to school today and tomorrow.Li Ming,说明文,说明文是以说明
29、为主要表达方式的文体。它主要用来说明事物的特点、变化和发展规律，使人们对事物有个清晰、完整的了解和认识。近年来高考试题，以介绍地点和介绍事物为主。写说明文注意以下特点：要抓事物特征；层次要分明；解释要清楚；表达手法要多样；用词力求准确。,介绍地点,1.抓住此处所的基本特征。2.遵循一定的顺序，使文章条理清楚，中心突出。（言之有序、富有条理）3.运用恰当的说明方法进行说明。4.语言做到准确无误，要简洁、明白。特别注意介词，存在句型和地点状语的运用。,2003年真题 P75,假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Bob将于九月到你所在城市的建新华文学校学中文，来信请你在学校附近为他找一套住房。请根据图画提供的
30、信息，写信介绍住房的情况，并告知住房面积为25平方米，月租500元。,静态地点介绍,内容要点：1开头2公寓（一室带浴室、厨房）3面积、家具（25平米、床、沙发、书桌、椅子）4公寓位置（芳草街，离学校一站远）5月租500元 6结尾,Dear Bob,Im so glad to learn that youre coming in Semtember.Ive found a place for you.Its a small flat of 25 square metres,with a bedroom,a bathroom and a kitchen.In the bedroom there i
31、s a bed,a sofa,a desk and a chair.The rent is 500 yuan per month.The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street,which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school.In fact,its only one stop.Do you think youd like it?If not,I can try and find another place for you.
32、Just let me know.,假定你是李华。你和几个朋友约定星期天在人民公园野餐。你们的英国朋友Peter也应邀参加。请你根据下面的示意图，给他写封短信，告诉他进公园后如何找到你们。,动态地点介绍 P58,要选用合适的介词，注意空间位置的变化,内容要点：1、从公园正门进来。2、进门后朝前走。3、到小河过桥。4、向右拐后朝前走。5、绕爬过小山。6、我们在（湖边的）小树林里。,Dear Peter,Were so glad youre coming to join us on Sunday.Here is how you can find us.Well have our picnic in
33、 the Peoples Park.You know where that is,dont you?After you enter the park by the main gate,walk straight on till you come to a stream.Cross the stream and turn right.After walking for a while youll come to a hill.Walk around to the other side of the hill.There youll see a lake.Well have our picnic
34、there in the small woods by the lake.Im sure youll have no trouble finding us.Do come!Li Hua,记叙文（记事，写人）,叙述事件（一）明确中心思想和写作目的 情节、对话围绕中心（二）精心选材（生动有趣、紧扣主题）（三）选择角度“人称”（四）恰当安排写作次序（时间脉络主线）（五）叙事清楚、完整，文章结构体现“五何”原则。when,where,who,what,why,how.,范文 春游 P43,老体裁的新感觉。注意时间主线的演进。根据提示，用英语描述一次春游。内容：1、时间上星期四；2、地点长山；3、上山的
35、路，行走困难；4、同学们互相支持；5、终于登上山顶；6、返回,A Spring Outing Last Thursday we went to Changshan for our spring outing.We reached the foot of the hill at 9 a.m.After having a short rest,we began to climb.There was no road but stones and bushes.We had to make a way by ourselves.With the help of the grass,we moved o
36、n.While walking,the strong students helped the weak ones.After some time,we were all tried.How we wanted to have a rest,but we couldnt stop.We walked on.At last,we got to the top of the hill.On the top of the hill,we laughed and jumped.It seemed that we were the happiest people in the world.We took
37、some photos there,and then sat down and had something to eat.At 3 p.m.we began to go down.We wished the spring of our country would be with us forever.,On the top of the hill,we laughed and jumped.It seemed that we were the happiest people in the world.We took some photos there,and then sat down and
38、 had something to eat.At 3 p.m.we began to go down.We wished the spring of our country would be with us forever.,1991年高考书面表达（人物经历介绍）,上海出版一份“学生英文报”，对象是我国的学生。请用英语为该报写一段人物介绍，介绍少年体育明星孙淑伟。内容要点如下：简况：孙淑伟（Sun Shuwei），男，14岁，广东（Guangdong）人训练项目：跳水（diving）取得成绩：第十一届亚运会冠军，第十六届世界游泳锦标赛冠军（亚运会：the Asian Games;冠军：cham
39、pion;游泳锦标赛：swimming championships）其他情况：从小就喜欢游泳，8岁进广东省代表队，在学校里认真学习，在跳水队里认真训练，13岁进入国家队；一年后（1990）夺得第十一届亚运会金牌；今年年初获得第六届世界游泳锦标赛冠军。,Sun ShuweiA World Champion in Diving Sun Shuwei,a world champion in diving,is a boy of 14 from Guangdong.He loved swimming when he was a small boy and at eight he became a me
40、mber of the diving team in Guangdong Province.He studied hard at school and trained hard for five years before he came to the national team.A year later in 1990,he won a gold medal at the 11th Asian Games and became a world champion at the 6th World Swimming Championships early this year.,个人简历 1996年
41、高考书面表达,你是李华，申请到一家外资企业工作。对方要求你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己的基本情况。短文应包括下表所列全部内容。,My name is Li Hua.I was born in Dalian,Liaoning Province in February 1977.I started school in 1984 when I was seven.I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.After that I went to the No.6 Middle School of Dalian and graduat
42、ed this summer.The main courses I studied at school included Chinese,maths,English,physics,chemistry and computer.I like English and computer best and I am very good at them.Last year I won the first prize in the school computer competition.In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and col
43、lecting stamps.My favourite sports are swimming in summer and skating in winter.,议论文（观点对比型、各抒己见型）,观点对比型1.提纲式作文：按照表格或提示言之有序，老师是找点给分的。2.开放式作文：找到最本质的特征。思维训练模式：a.listing;b.reasoning;c.brain storm.,2001年高考书面表达,假设你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学正在减轻学生的学习负担，来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的信息，写一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。,Dear Dick
44、,How nice to hear from you again.You want to know what is going on in schools in China?In short,things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.I dont know about others,but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.
45、Now I have more free time.I can follow my own interests such as reading books,visiting museums,and taking computer lessons.In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers.Whats more,I can go to bed earlier.As far as I know,everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.,2002年高考书面表达
46、,最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。,Dear Editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.Opinions are divided on the question.60%of the students are against the idea of entrance fees.They believ
47、ed a public park should be free of charge.People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.What is more,it will become necessary to build gates and walls,which will do harm to the appearance of a city.,On the other hand,40%think
48、that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers,and to buy plants and young trees.They suggest,however,fees should be charged low.,观点对立型写作模板,1.正反观点对比 The topic about 话题 is becoming more and more popular in 范围 recently.There are two sides of opinion about it.Some
49、 people prefer to consider doing sth.They think that 理由一，whats more,理由二，moreover,理由三。However,others belive 观点is a better choice for free reasons.To begin with,理由一，next，理由二，inaddition,理由三。From my point of view,the formmer is surely a wise choice.The reason is that 原因。,2.优缺点对比 In recent years,所要讨论的问题h
50、as been popular.There are many advantages in First,优点一，second，优点二，third，优点三。However，there are some disadvantages.First,缺点一，besides，缺点二，also，缺点三。In my opinion,it is true that advantages are more than disadvantages.I think 自己的观点。,2008 山东省高考书面表达,假定你是新华中学的学生张华，班里从外地转来一名同学李明，他一时无法融入新的班集体中，感到很苦恼。请根据下列要点用英
