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1、,配置IP地址,完成本章的学习后,您可以完成下面的任务:分配IP地址,区分地址级别,网络部分和主机部分给定IP地址和子网掩码,计算相应的子网根据给定的网络地址和子网掩码配置IP地址把主机名和一个IP地址做一个映射利用网络工具发现网络中路由器的IP地址,目标,TCP/IP 地址概述,唯一的地址分配机制保证通讯的可靠性根据所处的位置选择路径用地址代表网络设备所处的位置,TCP/IP 地址入门,UNIX 主机,UNIX 主机,公司 A,公司B,地址分配,Class A:Class B:Class C:Class D:用于组播(multicast)Class E:用于研究,N=网络号 H=主机号,IP
2、 地址分配,不同IP地址Bit位的区别,识别IP地址的类别,High OrderBits,Octet inDecimal,AddressClass,010110,1-126 128-191192-223,ABC,练习:IP 地址的级别,Address,Class,Network,Host,练习答案:IP 地址的级别,配置IP地址,主机地址,E0,E1,172.16,12,12,Network,Host,.,.,Network,Interface,E0E1,Routing Table,无子网时的地址分配,有子网时的地址分配,子网地址,E0,E1,172.16,2,160,Network,Host
3、,.,.,Network,Interface,E0E1,New Routing Table,Subnet,子网掩码,IP地址的二进制和十进制表示法的对应关系,练习:子网掩码,Address,Subnet Mask,Class,Subnet,练习(答案):子网掩码,规划IP子网,Other subnets,20 subnets5 hosts per subnetClass C address:,Subnet,SubnetEight bits of subnetting,Network,Subnet,Host,172,16,2,0,172.16.2.120:,255.255.255.0:,1010
4、1100,11111111,Subnet:,10101100,00010000,00010000,11111111,00000010,00000010,11111111,01111001,00000000,00000000,B 类子网规划举例,Subnet,Network,Subnet,Host,201,222,5,120,201.222.5.121:,11001001,11111111,Subnet:,11001001,11011110,11011110,11111111,00000101,00000101,11111111,01111 001,11111 000,01111 000,255
5、.255.255.248:,C类子网规划举例,SubnetFive Bits of Subnetting,广播地址,(Directed broadcast),(Local network broadcast),X,练习:广播地址,Address,Class,Subnet,Broadcast,201.222.10.60,Subnet Mask,15.16.193.6,128.16.32.13,153.50.6.27,练习(答案):广播地址,地址子网化的例子,Cisco A,Cisco B,E0,S0,E0,S0,To0,Cisco A,E0:172.16.2.1 S0:172.16.1.1,S0
6、:172.16.1.2 E0:144.254.4.1 To0:144.254.16.1,Cisco B,Mask,255.255.255.0,Subnet,Mask,Subnet,255.255.255.0,配置IP地址,Router(config-if)#,分配一个IP地址和子网掩码在端口上运行IP进程,ip address ip-address subnet-mask,Router(config-line)#,ip netmask-format bitcount|decimal|hexadecimal,在端口配置模式下配置网络地址的表示格式,Router#,term ip netmask-
7、format bitcount|decimal|hexadecimal,配置网络地址的表示格式,Router(config)#,给主机名静态的指定一个IP地址可以有多个IP地址与主机名对应,主机名,ip host name tcp-port-number address address,ipip,指定一个或多个主机提供从主机名到逻辑地址的映射服务,Router(config)#,配置名字服务器,ip name-server server-address1 server-address2.server-address6,路由器缺省启用DNS 服务关闭名字服务,Router(config)#,Ro
8、uter(config)#,名字系统,ip domain-lookup,no ip domain-lookup,显示主机名,Router#show hostsDefault domain is not setName/address lookup uses static mappingsHost Flags Age Type Address(es 153.50.5.6P2R2(perm,OK)*IP 128.45.17.4 153.50.3.200 153.50.34.17 P2R3(perm,OK)*IP 172.26.40.11 153.50.5.7 153.50.34.1-More-,检
9、验配置的地址,Application,Transport,Internet,Network Interface,Hardware,Telnet,ICMP,trace,ping,Application,Transport,Internet,Network Interface,Hardware,Telnet,ICMP,trace,telnet,trace,检查IP网络的连通性,简化的Ping,Router Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5,100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.101.1,timeout is 2 seconds:
10、.!Success rate is 80 percent,round-trip min/avg/max=6/6/6 msRouter,很多协议都支持ping,扩展的 Ping,Router#pingProtocol ip:Target IP address:192.168.101.162Repeat count 5:Datagram size 100:Timeout in seconds 2:Extended commands n:ySource address:Type of service 0:Set DF bit in IP header?no:yesData pattern 0 xAB
11、CD:Loose,Strict,Record,Timestamp,Verbosenone:Sweep range of sizes n:Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5,100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.101.162,timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent(5/5),round-trip min/avg/max=24/26/28 msRouter#,显示从源到目的所有经过端口的IP地址,IP Trace,Router#trace aba.nyc.milType
12、 escape sequence to abort.Tracing the route to aba.nyc.mil(26.0.0.73)(172.16.1.6)1000 msec 8 msec 4 msec2barrnet-(172.16.16.2)8 msec 8 msec 8 msec3external-a-gateway.stanford.edu(192.42.110.225)8 msec 4 msec 4(131.119.254.6)8 msec 8 msec 8(131.119.3.8)12 msec 12 msec 8 msec6moffett-fld-mb.in.mil(192.52.195.1)216 msec 120 msec 132 msec7aba.nyc.mil(26.0.0.73)412 msec*664 msec,IP地址表示成32位的点分十进制数,分为网络和主机两部分子网掩码用来标识网络号,子网号和主机号的分界如何给端口配置IP地址ping和trace 可以用来检测IP地址的配置,小结,
